IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (IJEM)
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a main role in the incidence of diabetes complications. Probiotics can be used in the treatment of diabetes complications for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplement on glycemia, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods: This randomized double blind clinical trial was carried out on 59 diabetic patients, aged 25-65 years, referred to the Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. They were randomly divided in 2 groups, the probiotic and the placebo. Patients in each group received 2 capsules per day for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after intervention to evaluate glycemic control, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers.Results: Mean fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased by 9% (132.7±34 vs.146.5±44) in the probiotic group during the intervention (P=0.001). Results of the analysis of covariance showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance, whereas there were none observed in IL-6 and TNF between the two groups after intervention. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that probiotic consumption may help in diabetes control through reducing glycemia and insulin resistance.

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder in Iran. Due to the nature of the disease, the patient's cooperation in self care is very important. One of the most effective and affordable ways to empower patients is education, which, to be beneficial, must be provided in accordance with related standards. The current study was conducted to investigate accordance of time of discharge diabetic patients with the standards of education for diabetics Type 2 in hospitals, affiliated in Yazd University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: At discharge, data on patient education provided by nurses to 385 diabetic patients, was documented using the “nursing diabetic patient education-discharge time check list” and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 20.Results: Conformity rate of discharge nursing education in patients with Diabetes Type 2 with standards was 14.5%, which indicated a low quality of education. Conformity rate in the dimensions of “insulin therapy” was 34.7%, in “foot care education” was 6.75%, in “diet programs” was 1.8%, in “physical activity” was 0.1%, in “prevention of infection” was 1.8%, and in “oral antihyperglycaemics drugs” was 13.3%.Conclusion: Based on the poor compliance with the standards of education for diabetics Type 2 patients, application of nursing clinical guidelines during discharge for type 2 diabetic patients and clinical supervision by nursing managers for optimizing quality of care is recommended.

Introduction: Diabetes, as a chronic disease, is the third leading cause of death in developing countries. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress have been recognized as the main factors involved in pathogenesis of diabetes. On the other hand, the antioxidant system is the first defense mechanism of body against oxidative stress. Falcaria Vulgaris possesses hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. This study surveyed the effects of different doses of Falcaria vulgaris extract (50, 100, 150 mg/kg) on histological changes of Langerhans islets andserum insulin, nitric oxide and glucose levels.Materials and Methods: A total of 64 male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (control, diabetic with STZ, treatment with Falcaria Vulgaris (50, 100, 150 mg/kg) and diabetic treated with Falcaria Vulgaris) (50, 100, 150 mg/kg). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and p value<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Falcaria Vulgaris extract (100 and 150 mg/kg) significantly decreased serum glucose level (p<0.01) and improved the diameter of islets (p<0.05) in diabetic rats treated with Falcaria Vulgaris extract, compared with the diabetic group. Moreover, at dose of 150 mg/kg, the extract improvedserum insulin (p<0.01), decreased nitric oxide (p<0.01) and increased the weight (p<0.01) and number of islets of diabetic rats (p<0.05). Histopathological studies also confirmed these changes.Conclusion: F. vulgaris can improve insulin secretion and serum glucose levels in an animal model of STZ induced diabetes, possibly by reducing nitric oxide production and preventing pancreatic tissue oxidative damage.

Introduction: Adipolin (CTRP12), which improves insulin sensitivity, is a novel anti-inflammatory adipocytokine secreted from adipose tissue. In this study we aimed to assess the Adipolin and Insulin Resistance index (HOMA-IR) response to two types of exercise in type 2 diabetic male rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 diabetic Wistar rats (Induced by high-fat diet and Streptozotocin (stz) injection) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: High intensity interval exercise (HIIT), low intensity continuous training (LICT) and control (C). Both training groups were trained on the treadmill, 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the end of training session and plasma adipolin, insulin and glucose levels were measured. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze data and the level of significance was considered to be p£0.05.Results: Data analysis showed that plasma adipolin levels in the low intensity continuous training group were significantly increased, compared to the control group (p=0.006). Plasma glucose level in both the low intensity continuous training and the high intensity interval groups was significantly decreased, compared to the control group (p=0.049) & (p=0.007). Plasma insulin level in both training groups was increased and HOMA-IR index was decreased, compared to the control group, although changes were not significant.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that exercise training can increase plasma adipolin in rats with type 2 diabetes, changes however that are partially dependent on the type of exercise training.

Introduction: Aquaporin 7 (AQP7), as a glycerol permeable channel of adipose tissue, plays an important role in controlling triglycerides accumulating in adipose tissue and the development of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training on epididymal adipose tissue AQP7 content in rats fed a high fat diet.Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Wister rats (4-6 weeks) were randomly divided into two groups: Normal diet (14) and high fat diet (14). After 10 weeks of feeding with normal or high-fat food, each of the groups were divided into two groups: control (7) and training (7). Rats in the training groups were subjected to running on the treadmill at a speed of 20 meters per minute for 10 weeks (5 days per week) and their epididymal adipose tissue AQP7 content and insulin were assessed by Elisa. Plasma levels of glucose and lipid profile, as well as insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were also measured.Results: Body weight, epididymal fat weight, plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance index increased in rats, fed with a high fat diet (P<0.05). Epididymal adipose tissue AQP7 content decreased due to compliance with the high fat diet (P=0.003); however aerobic exercise training increased AQP7 in both normal and high fat diet groups (P=0.003). This training program improved plasma levels of glucose, insulin and lipid profiles, as well as HOMA-IR (P<0.05).Conclusion: These results indicate that aerobic exercise training could improve metabolic status by increasing adipose tissue AQP7 content.

Introduction: The liver is known as a tissue highly sensitive to immunological changes such as cytokines activity. It has been shown that using selenium nanoparticle supplementation and exercise training separately can effectively decrease tumor volume and improve immune responses. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic interval training and supplementation of selenium nanoparticles on protein expression of cytokines in liver tissue in mice with breast cancer.Materials and Methods: Sixty-four Balbc mice were divided into eight groups. Experimental groups received aerobic interval training and selenium nanoparticles supplementation orally for 6 weeks, before and after cancer induction. At the end of the sixth week, after tumor injection, proteins levels of IL-6, IL-4, TNF- and INF- were measured in liver tissue by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: Results of the current study showed that IL-6, TNF- and IL-4 protein levels decreased in liver tissue of the breast cancer tumor (P<0.05). Aerobic interval training caused significant increase in IL-6 and TNF- protein levels in liver tissue (P<0.05). Increase in INF-cytokine levels in liver tissue was also observed, following selenium nanoparticle supplementation (P<0.05). Results also showed that tumor volume decreased following exercise training and administration of selenium nanoparticles administration.Conclusion: Cytokines changes in liver tissue occurred in conjunction with decrease in tumor volume. It is possible that simultaneously using selenium nanoparticles and exercise training with immune system reinforcement could help in reducing tumor volume and modulating cytokine levels in liver.