JORJANI BIOMEDICINE JOURNAL
Year:2014 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Pluripotent stem cells as the cells with a capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various specific cell types have been highly regarded in regenerative medicine studies. To repair the eye disease damages, the differentiation into retinal pigment epithelial cells of pluripotent stem cells has gained great importance in recent decades because the inappropriate function of these cells is the main cause of degenerative diseases such as the age-related macular degeneration. Millions of people in the world suffer this disease.To restore the damaged cells and, finally, to improve the vision, numerous studies have been conducted on using pluripotent stem cells, their differentiation into retinal pigment epithelial cells, and finally, their application in cell therapy. Based on this, many researchers have attempted to produce highly efficient retinal pigment epithelial cells, such that they show a proper function after transplant, along with the host cells. In this review article, the importance and the role of pigment epithelial cells, as well as, the studies on the in vitro production of these cells were examined.

Background and objectives: Depression is the most common cause of disability caused by diseases in the world. Having physical activity is a solution for reducing depression. This study was conducted to determine the causes of depression and its related factors.Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 266 female students participated in the study selected by random stratified sampling. The data were collected with demographic questionnaires, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); and the body composition was measured with the body analyzer machine and entered into the SPSS software. To examine the effect of physical activity on depression, a logistic regression model was used with adjusting the effect of the likely confounding variables.Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.15±2.4. According to the Beck Depression Inventory, 24.8% (66 individuals) suffered from depression and 69.5% (185 individuals) were healthy and 5.6% (15 persons) were missing from study. The results did not show a significant difference between depression and being local or nonlocal, BMI and the income level. But there was a significant difference between the healthy and the depressed group with regard to physical activity (P=0.03). Physical activity at recommended levels showed an inverse relationship with depression of students so that students who have the recommended levels of physical activity get the 44% lower chance to be in the depressed group against students who have been low level of physical activity (OR=0.56, 95% CI:0.31-0.99, P=0.046).Conclusion: Due to the effect of physical activity on reducing depression, providing sport facilities, recommending people to increase their physical activity and culture making in the society can serve as constructive solutions to improving the psychological health and preventing depression in the society.

Background and objectives: A cancer diagnosis is a highly undesirable event for anyone. Fatigue experience is a psychological experience; therefore, the relevant caregivers’ acquaintance with this issue is the most important step in offering optimal care for the patients. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine Cancer-related Fatigue and its Relationship with Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in Cancer Patients.Methods: In this analytical study, 150 cancer patients visiting the oncology unit, the Shafa Radiotherapy Center, and Gorgan’s 5th Azar Teaching Hospital in 2012, who were selected with a purposive sampling method, participated in the study for 4 months. The required information was collected using a demographic and clinical characteristics form and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. The data were analyzed with the SPSS-18 software and t-test and ANOVA and tukey post hoc test were used.Results: The patients’ mean age was 48.39±1.5 Of the patients, 55.3% had undergone less than 12 months of treatment, 51.3% used chemotherapy-surgery-radiotherapy regimen, 24.7% surgery-chemotherapy regimen, 14% used chemotherapy, 7.3% used radiotherapy, and 2.7% used surgery. The overall mean score of fatigue was 54.65±8.78 from 100. The variables of residence (P=0.018), the duration of marriage (P=0.018), the treatment regimen type (P<0.001), and the family’s economic status (P<0.000) were found to have a significant relationship with fatigue.Conclusion: Psychological interventions, besides physical caring and nursing interventions play a significant role in the all-inclusive management of cancer patients’ problems, in particular, their fatigue.

Background and objectives: Almost 130 million infants are born each year, more than 8 million of whom die before their first year of life. In the developing countries, two thirds of these deaths occur in the first month of their life. Reduced infant mortality is among the Millennium Development indicators, and this rate is high in Kalaleh city. This study aimed to identify the most common causes of infant death, so that the avoidable deaths be prevented by offering intervention plans.Methods: In this study, all causes of infant death in Kalaleh city during 2003-2013 were investigated. The information was collected with the designed form. The data were, then, coded and entered into the SPSS 17 software, and analyzed using independent statistical chi-square test.Results: 388 infant deaths accounted for 83% of under-5 mortality. The most common causes of death include prematurity (47.42%), congenital abnormalities (22.42%), and disasters and accidents (9.79%). 82.73% of the infants weighed below 2500 g. 60% of the prematurity deaths occurred to primigravid women. There was a statistically significant relationship between primigravity and prematurity infant death with a 95% confidence (P=0.003). 74.74% of the infant deaths occurred in the first week, and 58.96% in the first 24 hours.Conclusion: As 38.4% of the infant deaths occurred in the first pregnancy, and 60% of prematurity deaths happened to primigravid women, and there was a relationship between primigravity and prematurity infant deaths, the importance of the particular care of these mothers comes into sight. Planning for teaching the importance of caring the primigravid mothers and making their families more sensitive about the significance of caring these mothers can be effective in reducing premature infant mortality.

Background & objective: One of the common purposes of medical research is Determination of effective factors on the occurrence of event. Due to the interaction of risk factors regression models, discriminant analysis and classification procedures used. Uses of these models require making the assumption which in the medical data isn’t usually established. Therefore, alternative methods must be used. According to diversification of risk factors for of esophageal cancer, the purpose of this article is the Introduction and application of classification and regression tree for determination of risk factor for esophageal cancer in Golestan province.Methods: Data of this article gathered from case-control study. Case group contain all confirmed cases of esophageal cancer that consist of 90 male and 60 female subjects in Golestan province during one year. Two control groups were considered for each case. Control groups were selected from family of patients and neighbors and matched for age, sex, ethnic and place of residence. Data was analyzed with classification and regression tree model and by using of R software. Gini criterion was used for selection of best splitting in each node and ROC surveyed accuracy of CRT model.Results: Results of Classification tree model showed that exposure to CT and X-ray dye (socio-environmental factors), unwashed hands after defecation, history of smoking (lifestyle factors) and family history of cancer (ethnic factors) can be effective in esophageal cancer occurrences.Conclusion: Tree models don’t require the establishment of no default for making model and feasibility of tree models results` interpretation are two essential beneficiary of these models which can use in medical sciences.

Background and objectives: Clinical students should become familiar with medical ethics and its principles from the beginning, observing it in their relationships with patients, in particular, the patients who are in operating theaters and are not in appropriate conditions and need further support. Therefore, this study was conducted with an objective to explain medical ethics in the operating theater and the clinical experiences of the students of anesthesiology.Methods: In this qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, 50 students of anesthesiology at Golestan University of Medical Sciences were studied using a purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria of the students included passing at least one semester of clinical experience in the operating theater, and having inclination for participation in the study. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. The data were analyzed in a regular three-phase process, that is, open coding, axial coding and selective coding.Results: The themes concluded from this study for explaining medical ethics in the operating theater included trustworthiness, having a chaste look, confidentiality, observing the patient’s privacy and their clothing. The main theme derived from this study was that the patient is in the trust of us.Conclusion: The results showed that the students of anesthesiology consider the patient as a member of their own family, and attempt to take care of the patient, who is in sensitive conditions, in the best possible way.

Aims: The purpose of this study was evaluating the efficacy of cognitive be Behavioral group therapy on depression and hipness brain Tumor.Method: options were selected and assigned to two experimental and control group with brain tumor patients ineachgroup. the experimental group received 4weekly cognitive behavioral therapy session the question nears depression beak and hope eshaneder were usadas the pre test, post test and follow-up. The follow-up study was conducted two months.Results: after the last in tevrnationsessiony the result of covariance analysis showed that the mean scores of depression in post test was significantly lower than control group (P<0.001) and follow-up (P<0.001) the e result also showed that the scores of hope higher than con tral group in past test (P<0.001) and follow-up (P<0.001) it is concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy, could happy life brain tumor.Conclusion: The results suggest that Cognitive Behavior Treatment boat as a valuable addition to surgical and pharmacological interventions should be used in patients with brain tumors.

Background & objective: Family and genetic factors are effective on incidence of external hydrocephalus but its etiology is unknown. Based on deficiency of epidemiological studies, this study aimed to determine the demographic features of children with external hydrocephalus.Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study (2011), all records of children with external hydrocephalus referred to Taleghani tertiary hospital during 2009-2011 were assessed. Inclusion criteria was definite diagnosis of external hydrocephalus. Checklist was used for data collection. All data were entered to SPSS software (version 16) and were described by descriptive statistics.Results: From 41 children included to the study, 33 boys (80.5%), 20 cases with Fars ethnicity (48.8%), 32 cases born by cesarean section (78%), 31 cases (75.6%) with no consanguineous marriage of parents, 38 cases (92.7%) born at term gestational age, 24 cases (58.53%) with macrocephaly in family, 17 cases (41.5%) with hospitalization history, 39 cases (95.1) with normal birth weight were assessed. Mean of age and head circumference were 8.8±2.8 years and 35.15±1.5 cm, respectively. Increase of head circumference with 30.2% was the most common complaint at referred time during health cares. 33 cases (80.5%) diagnosed based on CT scan and 11 cases (26.8%) had development delay.Conclusion: Boys children with fars ethnicity, macrocephaly history, developmental delay and increase of head circumference during health cares had the most frequency of external hydrocephalus. Much more attention to these children and early diagnosis and treatment is essential.