JORJANI BIOMEDICINE JOURNAL
Year:2016 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

For decades, researchers have tried to develop non-invasive mechanisms for monitoring of pathological conditions within the body of patients. Emerging nanotechnology enabled us to reach this aim. Scale of nano has the potential to increase early detection of pathological conditions from abnormal cells before diseased tissue or tumors development, can be considerable help to treat the diseases. In the recent years, “theranostics” has been emerged as a novel nano approach, which perform diagnostic detection, therapy and follow up, simultaneously. Therefore, theranostics can be considered as an appropriate therapeutic approach for personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics and molecular imaging which can develop novel therapies. Additionally, with a deeper molecular understanding, choosing drugs that are more effective will be possible. Finally, researchers believe that theranostics has the potential to monitor treatments with increasing drug effectiveness and prevention from inappropriate treats will reduce the cost of national health, significantly. In this survey, structure and some applications of theranostics and nano drug delivery systems have been evaluated, briefly.

Background and Objectives: Seeds of cultivated safflower which are now used in pharmaceutical and food industries are in white coat color. No commercially available pigmented genotype of cultivated safflower has been reported yet. This study was to investigate the probable toxicological effects of black coat seed of a new pigmented variety of safflower (A82) on liver and kidney tissues of male wistar rats.Methods: In the present experimental study, 54 male wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups of 24 (including 4 subgroups of 6 rats) and a control group of 6 rats. Group 1 (control group), distilled water, group 2 (CTBS) and Group 3 (CTWS) were respectively given grain crust suspension (A82) and white shell (C111) safflower on a daily basis, at doses of 30, 60, 180 and 240 mg per kg body weight orally for 5 weeks. In order to address the biochemical tests including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ,alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), arterial blood samples were taken. Regarding histological studies, liver and kidney organs were removed immediately. After fixation of samples in 10% formalin, 4-5 mm tissue sections were prepared. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method followed by light microscopy was used to examine the sections. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means between groups and least significant difference (LSD) was used to perform additional tests.Results: In both CTBS and CTWS treatment groups, the body weight of wistar rats increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (233.00±4.74 and 218.76±5.43, respectively) compared to the control group (196.79±4.88). The increasing trend was significantly higher in CTBS group compared to the CTWS group (p<0.05). In contrast to the results of body weight, organ weights of liver and kidney treatment groups were not significantly changed in all treatment groups. The serum levels of ALT and AST showed no significant difference between treatment groups and also in comparison to the control group. The serum level of ALP within CTBS treatment group (567.39±32.5) was significantly lower than CTWS (609.94±30.5) and control groups (819.50±38.21) (p<0.05). BUN and Cr were decreased among treatment groups in comparison to the control group (p>0.05). Moreover, regarding histopathological studies, neither liver nor kidney necrosis or damages were visualized in treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Our findings showed that safflower seed, especially black ones (A82) has no toxic effects over liver and kidney tissues. The positive effects of black seeds on body weight among wistar rats may be an interesting effect to be further investigated for exploitation in the poultry industry.

Background and Objectives: Damages caused by accidents are accounted as a major cause of death for children under 5 years old. To design preventive programs, health education theories could be employed. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on the damage caused by accidents in children less than 5 years in 1392 in Qorveh city.Methods: The present randomized field trial study was conducted on 120 mothers with children less than 5 years who were supported by four different health centers. These centers were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The effect of intervention was investigated using a standardized questionnaire including 85 items of health belief model structures. The questionnaires were completed using interviews by trained interviewers. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19.0, independent and two-tailed samples t-test.Results: We found that there were positive and significant differences in terms of knowledge, intensity, perceived barriers and self-efficacy between two groups after intervention (P<0.05). Average differences before and after the intervention and the average scores were significantly different in all cases (P<0.05). There was a significant difference regarding the mild injuries among children under five years between the two groups after intervention (P=0.023).Conclusion: Our results showed that education on the basis of health belief model, as one of the theories of health education, has positive effects on the promotion of safety knowledge, attitude change and improving the function of mothers over damaged children lower than 5 years and consequently the promotion of health and safety among children.

Background & Objective: Today, it is noteworthy to consider the nature of lovemaking as an important issue in social psychology and individual personality assessment. Therefore, this study was done aiming to compare the social anxiety, dysfunctional attitudes and body image in the three groups of lovemaking in the real world, lovemaking in the virtual world without lovemaking.Method This is a descriptive study of causal – comparative type. The study population includes all male and female students of Shahid Chamran University in the academic year 2014-15. A sample size of 300 students were selected using snowball sampling method from among them. Data collection tools were: Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) and Multidimensional Body - Self Relations Questionnaires (MBSRQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and ANOVA Multivariate Analysis.Results: Multivariate analysis of variance showed that a significant difference exists between scores of social anxiety, body image and dysfunctional attitudes in three groups of lovemaking in the real world, in the virtual world and without lovemaking (P<0.0001). Tukey post hoc test results showed that the body image, social anxiety and dysfunctional attitudes in real lovemaking compared to virtual lovemaking and without lovemaking is significantly different and has a lower level. Also, body image, social anxiety, and dysfunctional attitudes in virtual lovemaking are significantly different and have a lower level (P<0.0001).Conclusion: The results of this study can be useful in pre-marriage and awareness counseling to people about the types of relationships and promotion of healthy communication patterns in society.

Background and Objectives: Human is a multidimensional creature and spiritual domain is the central dimension which has an undeniable effect on gaining health. The most important part of nursing care with family based approach is to help people in achieving optimal level of health. On the other hand, religious attitudes and spiritual health is an important domain of life in ageing period. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the religious attitudes and spiritual health among elderly inpatients in Shahrekord hospitals.Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted in 1392 in Shahrekord hospitals. A total of 308 geriatric patients who were admitted to a surgical ward, were recruited through random sampling. Two sets of questionnaires regarding religious and spiritual health were used as the instruments. After collecting the data, descriptive (frequency, mean, variance, standard deviation) and analytical (independent t test, Pearson correlation) statistics were used by SPSS statistical software.Results: The results showed that 68.8% of patients possessed large religious attitude with an average of 140.68 ±30.14. Spiritual health in 51.3 percent of samples was described to be low while the obtained average score was 86.18 ± 16.61. However, Pearson test showed that there is a positive significant correlation between religious attitudes and spiritual health (r=0.83, P=0.05).Conclusions: The present study revealed that there is a significant relationship between religious attitudes and spiritual health and people with high religious attitudes have high spiritual health.

Background & Objective: Current study Aimed to compare effectiveness and cost effectiveness of laser devices in BPH surgery. Study tries to provide clear evidence which could be used in prior approval and funding of such new emerging technologies.Method: A systematic search of related databases was performed to find Randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, Meta analyses and health technology assessment studies which had been published up to 2008.key words are: Laser, Holmium YAG laser (HOLEP), Tolmium Laser, Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) and prostate. Data for clinical effectiveness was retrieved from the literature. Two Laser Assisted Technologies were analyzed in terms of efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and compared with Trans-Urethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) method from the perspective of Iran Ministry of Health. We used standard costing for analysis of costs. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed for the examination of calculated ICER in different probable scenarios.Results: Literature review stressed that there is no statistically significant difference in clinical effectiveness of Lasers assisted devices and TURP technique. The length of hospital stay and severity of side effects are clinically and statistically lower in Laser Assisted devices. Estimated unit-cost of treatment for Tolmium, Holmium and TURP was 3403541, 3019261 and 2455794 (RLS) from MOH perspective and 340354, 4719261 and 4325794 from societal perspective.Conclusion: Sensitivity analysis showed that, in most of the study scenarios TURP was dominant intervention because of low treatment costs. Tolmium laser only with the assumption of dual applicability and 200 patients per year would be considered as a cost-effective technology.

Background & Objective: Nasopharynx could be affected by many tumors types such as carcinoma and lymphoma. These tumors present specific manifestations and symptoms. In rare cases these tumors can present unusual symptoms and without careful attention could be missed. In the present article we have described a rare case of nasopharyngeal tumor which a mass in cheeks.Case presentation: A 72 year-old female who presented inflammation and a mass in left cheek, nasal obstruction in right nose was referred to CTS department and coronal view of paransal sinus was performed. Because sinuses were intact, patient was treated with antibiotic and antiallergic drugs. In spite of medical therapies, cheek mass growth continued and CTS was repeated in coronal and axial view. In these images, a mass in left Nasopharynx and a polypoid mass in right nasal cavity were found. Patient was undergone endoscopic surgery and biopsies were done from those sites. Pathologist reported a nasal polyp in right nose and an undifferentiated carcinoma of left Nasopharynx and cheek. Immunohistochemistry investigation for differentiated tumor from lymphoma was done and confirmed the lymphoma. Patient was refereed to oncologist for further treatment.Conclusion: In management of patient we should consider unusual presentation of nasopharyngeal lymphoma with cheek mass which is an unusual presentation of this tumor.

Background & Objective: In spite of rapid development and arrival of newer medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, hysterosalpingography (HSG) has a great role among imaging techniques because of its enormous advantages. HSG is the standard screening test for the diagnosis of tubal infertility and can provide useful information about the uterine cavity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the value of HSG in the evaluation of infertility and to diagnose the tubo-uterine causes of infertility in Tabriz.Method: In current study, 1260 patients were investigated for infertility by HSG, patients of both primary and secondary infertility were included except those who have history of acute pelvic infection and allergy to contrast media. This study was conducted at Day Medical Imaging Center in Tabriz-IRAN.Results: HSG outlined normal uterus cavity, normal tube bilaterally with peritoneal spill in 1045 patients (82.94%) and 215 cases (17.06%) were detected with abnormalities. Among these patients, 78 cases (36.28%) detected with normal uterine shape and block of one tube, 32 (14.88%) patients shows both tubal blockages with normal uterus. There was bicurnate uterus in one patient (0.47%) with blockage of both tubes. Conclusion: The most common abnormal finding was normal uterus cavity with block of one or both tubes. Prevention of the pelvic inflammatory diseases, on time diagnosis and treatment of genital infectious, avoiding unnecessary pelvic surgeries, healthcare improvement and increasing the knowledge of society are the important decreasing factors in the women infertility.

Background and Objectives: The validity of an educational system is dependent on students' learning. Learning is a complex variable which is affected by multiple factors. One of the most important factors is learning styles. Knowledge of learning styles of students to educational programs is very important. Therefore, this study aimed to determine students' learning styles among students of Para medicine and Health faculties in Golestan University of medical sciences.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 401 students of the faculty of Para medicine and Health in Golestan University of Medical Sciences since 1391 till 1392 were selected and filled out the Standard Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) which was previously tested for reliability (8.0). Data was analyzed with SPSS version 18.0 using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test.Results: The mean age of students was 20.57 and 71.8 percent of them were female students. Learning styles of students included a convergent (63.4 %), absorber (25.4 %), accommodating (7.5%) and divergent (3.7 %). Learning style of study had no statistically significant difference in comparison to sex, school, age, GPA, credits, semester and education levels (P>0.05).Conclusion: Converging and absorbing learning styles were more dominant among students. Therefore, it is recommended to use training methods which fit this style such as showing hand-writings and presentations with self-study materials, simulations, laboratory assignments and problem-based learning.