BREEDING AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCES QUARTERLY
Year:2014 | Volume:2 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

This research aimed to assess factors of water quality in ponds L. vannamei in site of Bushehr Helle and provide solutions to improve water quality shrimp L. vannamei were conducted in this area, during the period of 120 days. This studies was conducted across the 7- Hectare pond with a density of 22 shrimp per square meter in breeding site of Bushehr Helle in 2013. From parameters of water oxygen temperature, salinity, ammonia and ponds water nitrite was done samplin every 15 days. The studied parameters during the breeding period were no in regular trend. Most changes were observed in the parameters from the second month of breeding (mid- july) until late period (September). According to the results, the rate of temperature (30.93±2.98oC), salinity (47.68±5.16 mg/L) and water ammonia (1.91±0.46 mg/L) were higher than the limit for the shrimp environment. Amount of oxygen (3.62±0.77 mg/L) and nitrite (0.007±0.006) parameters were in appropriate limit for the shrimp (L. vannamei) environment. in order to achieve optimum production, a revision of fertilization, feeding, water changes and using aeration in ponds, especially in the second month of rearing seems to be necessary.

This study was carried out during 30 days and effects of live and commercial food on growth and survival rate of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) fry had surveyed under a complete random of design with 6 treatments and 3 repeats. The number of used fry in this experiment was 120 which the factors such as weight, length, specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth rate (DGR) and the survival rate(SR) were studied in culture fishes. Fry initial weight and body length were 90±13 mg and 23±1.5 mm respectively. The treatments consisted of various food including: (1)50% newly hatched Artemia + 50% fresh mixed Gammarus (2) 50% newly hatched Artemia+50% commercial food (3) 50% fresh mixed Gammarus + 50% commercial food (4) 100% commercial food. (5) 100% newly hatched Artemia (6) 100% fresh mixed Gammarus. Results of data variance analysis of surveyed fry factors showed no significant differences at the end of 30th day, in growth and survival rate factors among treatment 3 compared to treatment 4 fry, however all treatments fry which fed with 100% newly hatched Artemia had better growth and survival rate compared to all treatments which fed with artificial food (p<0.05). And the fry of the treatment 5 had better growth and survival rate among the treatments (p<0.05).

In order to survey the effects of bactocell microbial probiotic on growth, survival and immunological factors of Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum), an experiment was done which the effects of 4 different levels (0, 100, 200, 300mg/kg) of Bactocell food supplementary probiotic with three replicate were surveyed on kutum fry in it. The experiment was done in Khojir natural resources research station in Tehran during June to December of 2013. 600 Kutum fry in 4 treatments with 3 repeat fed by experimental ration during 60 days. The results of experiment showed Bactocell had no considerable effects on kutum growth factors in different treatments (p>0.05). A survey of blood parameters indicate that Red Blood Cells, Hematocrit, and Hemoglobin increased along with bactocell amount increment in treatments(p<0.05). White blood cells increased while the amount of bactocell increased in treatments too (p<0.01). Data variance analysis showed significant differences among treatments about Lysozyme, Igm, and Lymphocytes (p<0.01), so that the results of Duncan’s test indicated these factors have increased while the amount of bactocell increment in treatments. No mortality was observed among fry through the experiment period too.

The study done in 2013 with the aim of increasing productivity in carp fish breeding together culture ducks. Using two pools with 3 hectares area. used 2650 fry consist 1200 pieces silver carp, 250 pieces Big Heads, 400 pieces Grass carp and 800 pieces of common carp.450 Ducks15-day with 300 g weight use in the pond. Average temperature in ponds was 28.68 ±2.92. pH in control pond was 7.80±0.68 and 8.61±0.55 in treatment ponds. Production rate was 5085 kg per hectare in cyprinids in control ponds and treatment ponds produce was 5385 kg per hectare. Treated in a pool that was cultivating combination with ducks initial weight was300 g and final weight was 3400 g. Growth rates between the treatment and control carp farmed fish in the pool, there was a significant difference (P<0.05). Species of common carp and grass carp in ponds treated with a lower growth rate, but species of big head carp and silver carp was increase growth (P<0.05). A lack of fertilization treatments and increase fish production in ponds in the pool, raising ducks can be combined with one of the fish production is organic and healthy.

Pisciculture has benefited human being during last decades. Among different species Oncorhynchus mykiss is of great important. Its increasing mortality due to infectious diseases and also infectivity of synthetic drugs motivated us to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of plantago ovata on some hematological parameters of this species. Hematological parameters could act as symptoms of health and fitness. This research was done in research center of cold water fish in Yasouj. Treatments were different doses of alcoholic extract of plantago ovata seeds (0.1, 0.5 and 1 percent). Each treatment was replicated three times and each replicate contained 30 individuals (30+5.23 g). Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design and results were taken and noted done after 60 day feeding. Hematological parameters including hematocrite amount (PCV), red blood cells and median globular volume were affected significantly at doses 1 percent (p<0.05) while white blood cell number was not affected (p>0.05). All and all it could be deduced that alcoholic extract could affect hematological parameters in related to red blood cells hence addition of this extract to daily diet could enhance hematopoiesis.

Considering the lack of sufficient fresh water resources for aquaculture and at the same time the pollution of fresh water through the process of fish farming, a project was carried out within 15 days to survey the effects of water flow increment on rainbow trout culture by reusing the outlet effluent under a Complete Random Design with 4 treatments and 3 replicate. The water quality factors including: NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, O2, CO2, pH, Alkalinity (Alk), Carbonate Hardness and General Hardness were examined. Fry initial weight and body length were 5.5±0.9 gr and 6.7±0.7cm. The treatments consisted of various water velocities including 0, 3.5, 7 and 10.5 cm/s. The result of the simple correlation of water chemical factors revealed that the treatments displayed significant correlation on the level of 0.01 within these factors. Concerning the factors of NO2, O2 and pH with the increment of the water virolance the correlation between time, and these factors were increased while the correlation was negative for the factor of NO2-. But concerning the factors of NO3-, NH4+ and CO2-, the correlation was decreased with the increment of water speed while the correlation was negative for the factor of NO3- in the fourth treatment which had the fastest water virolance. The amount of O2 and CO2 was increased and decreased respectively with the increment of water virolance,, and the amount of NO2- and NO3- was increased gradually by passing the time with the increase of water flow rate. Despite of slight changes on the correlation coefficient (R) of pH and NH4+, totally their changes could be ignored with the consideration of water speed. Totally, in this project, treatment 4 (10.5 cm/s) with the lowest pollution increasing rate, in comparison with the other treatments known as the best performance (P<0.05).

This survey was done for constructing an egg sorting machine which could sort white eggs from fertilized eggs. Egg sorting machine was constructed based on physiological properties of trout egg. Fertilized eggs have much more elasticity than white or non-hatched eggs. So the hatched eggs will fly back if were hit to a solid surface. The machine divided to 5 parts including mechanical, electrical and hydraulic systems, cabinet and pneumatic system. Materials and other parts would cut, melt and assembled after preparing industrial map. The designed machine should lead egg batches to a perforated drum for making a distance between eggs. 8 lines of holes made on drum too. Adjustment of hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanic systems lead to high accuracy of sorting eggs. The final amount of this machine was calculated 6.5 million Tomans.

One of the pollutant materials in aquatic ecosystems is detergents that are inappropriate due to the increasing population in the world and in different ways to produce large amounts of groundwater and open surface water resources. These entry detergents to aquatic ecosystems can have adverse effects on aquatic life. So in current study acute toxicity of bleach on fry species of bighead carp and goldfish with average weight of 39±1 and 11±1 gr for detect of 50% mortality of population were studied in 96 hours. The analysis of data obtained from experiments was with SPPS software and Probit analyzer. The study wason static base with O.E.C.D method in 4 days. Based on the results, the acute toxicity of bighead carp and goldfish were 34.25 and 41.79 mg per liter respectively was calculated and then the maximum allowable concentration (MAC Value) of these toxins were 3.425 and 4.179 mg per liter respectively. Based on the results, during exposure to bleach the bighead carp fish has less resistance in compare with goldfish.