POLITICAL RESEARCH IN ISLAMIC WORLD
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:10

Since developments of the Arab world in 2011, Qatar has sought to introduce itself an important regional actor. Qatar's desire to engage in regional equations has contrasted with the policies of traditional actors such as Iran and Saudi Arabia. These paper tries to explain Qatar's foreign policy toward its regional rivals, Iran and Saudi Arabia, through statistical and mathematical data, by linking the humanities, political science and international relations with mathematics. In other words, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of Qatari foreign policy decision-makers and their best possible choice in the Middle East game environment facing Iran and Saudi Arabia through use of mathematics. The main question is based on witch policy was adopted by these regional actors following the "Arab Spring" evolutions, considering Qatar's rivalry with Iran and Saudi Arabia? This article, by utilizing analytical-descriptive method and in the framework of the Game Theory, suggests that Qatar, in order to influence regional equilibrium and the inevitable confrontation with Saudi Arabia and Iran, has adopted a variety of policies.

This paper goal is to investigate the formation of ISIS in the Middle East and then appearing as a transnational actor in regional and international levels based on the post-international theory of Ferguson and Mansbach and by using descriptive method and data collection in documents and libraries. The findings show that identity and antinational factors are the main factors in the formation of ISIS. In fact the members of ISIS could define a new identity for “ self” , “ other” , “ friend” and “ enemy” . Mean while ISIS is an antinationalist group and its leaders consider nationalism in opposition with Islamic Ummah, that’ s why this group succeeded in recruitment in many nationalities among most of the countries around the globe. These have made the ISIS a transnational actor in the global level threatening western liberal democracy values such as scientificism, secularism and democracy which are regarded obsolete by this group.

Introduction: From the point of view of the Supreme Leader, in the current context of the international system changing, the issue of the unity of the Islamic world will be very important and influential on the future of the Islamic world. Therefore, in this article, we tried to study the views and opinions of them, strategies to achieve the unification of the world of Islam, given the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats facing the Islamic world on the eve of the transformation of the nature of the world system and the creation of a new world order, Explained. Method: This paper attempts to use the SWOT approach to identify and categorize the strategies presented in the statements of the Supreme Leader regarding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the unity of the Islamic world. Findings: By examining each of the points mentioned in the SWOT approach, in the statements of the Supreme Leader it was found that, in their view, the Islamic world has many strengths that are referred to in this article to eleven of them. On the other hand, unfortunately, the biggest weakness of the Islamic world from the point of view of the Supreme Leader is the internal disagreements that impede the unification of the Islamic world. By reviewing the outlook, twelve strategies were outlined to address the weaknesses. He also gives a comprehensive look at the various angles of the Islamic world, describing the opportunities facing the Islamic world, of which thirteen are discussed in this article. At the end of the day, with the help of great trials, the main strategy has been presented to overcome the threat of the enemy. Conclusion: Islamic unity and unity are the only solution to the problems and challenges of the Islamic world. In this regard, the Supreme Leader has, over the past years, stated strategies to address the weaknesses, take advantage of the strengths and turn the threats into opportunities, including features such as realism with idealism and pragmatism, along with a critical approach to the status quo, in It is observed.

This article studies the Coalitions and foreign policy curves of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main idea of this article is that Iran as an entity pursues foreign policy goals that are outlined by the dominant coalition on the foreign policy curves of Iran. By 1979, the ancient oriented coalition had dominated Iran, the coalition had outlined Iran's foreign policy goals with regard to its own interests, preferences and his understanding of Iran's national interests with respect to the regional and international environment. This dominant coalition was challenged by the leftist coalition, the nationalist coalition and the Islamist coalition, and was eventually overthrown and the Islamist coalition has dominated the country and, with its own interests, preferences and understanding of Iran's interests in the external environment, has reviewed Iran's foreign policy, With the dominance of the Islamist coalition, other elites of the ancient oriented, leftist and nationalist coalitions have been pushed out and marginalized, and these coalitions have been collapsed, The author believes that since the Islamist domination, the foreign policy goals of the Iran have been determined by the this coalition, then the Islamist coalition split into two leftist and rightist coalitions, After the breakup, the right-wing coalition has determined Iran's foreign policy goals, and the leftist coalition, as a challenger coalition, has been trying to rewrite these goals but has failed to revision of Iran's foreign policy, as a consequence, the dominant coalition and the challenger coalition have entered into a struggle over Iran's foreign policy goals.

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) a Dutch philosopher and one of the greatest rationalist thinkers of the seventeenth century is regarded as the path finder of religious criticism and similarly, an enlightenment thinker of the seventeenth century. Baruch Spinoza believes that liberty is conjoined with divinity. This liberty works involuntarily. Wherever I have choice, I am not free. Man-made laws have limitations which can defy his order. Necessity is the effect of his nature and liberty is absolute. The absolute liberty is divine. God alone stands purely on the necessity of the nature of his power and necessity works on the lines of power. Liberty means looking at all the objects and phenomenon as necessity. From the point of view of Iqbal Lahori, liberty is the way such as social or cultural forces that on the basis of wisdom seeks to stop man. He in his works shows the compatibility with freedom. He has discussed individual liberty vis a vis collective freedom and man in relations to government and society which form one of the directions of the outlook of Iqbal on liberty. The present paper aims to deal with the similarity and contrast between the thought process of Iqbal and Baruch Spinoza on liberty. The paper is narrative-analytical and draws materials from library and documents.