Journal of Health System Research
Year:2021 | Volume:17 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Background: Conflicting couples due to lack of marital communication skills experience many problems in the level of sexual function and quality of marital life. The question is, is there a relationship between the effectiveness of communication and marital skills on marital conflict and the sexual performance of female students? Methods: The design of this quasi-experimental study was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women students with marital problems in Isfahan in 2020. The research sample consisted of 45 female students who were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups. The study was collected using the Marital Conflict Questionnaire of Sanai et al. (1998). The instruments are: Sanaei's Marital Conflict Questionnaire (1998) and the standard questionnaire of Rosen, Brown, Heiman, Metson, Shabsig et al. (2000). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings: Communication and marital skills were effective in increasing sexual function and reducing marital conflicts in the experimental group compared to the control group, and a significant difference was found between the two educational strategies in the post-test and follow-up stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion: Communication and marital skills lead to increased sexual function and reduced marital conflict in women, and family therapists can use this educational method to improve the marital relationship of Iranian couples.

Background: Nowadays, more than 2, 500 additives are added to foods to achieve the desired goals or to extend the shelf life. However, application of these substances has raised concerns about consumers’,health. It seems public information on these substances is inadequate,hence, influence of education is evaluated on public awareness, attitude and practice. Methods: This interventional study is an attempt to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices of 80 Iranian adult population who were chosen from personnel of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with respect to food additives in two groups of case (n = 40) and control (n = 40). Face to face education of food additives performed by pamphlet and booklet with the concept of food additives. Demographic, knowledge, attitude and practice of people evaluated through self-administered questionnaire with the maximum score of 100 in the form of pre and post test. The score below and above 50 considered weak and desirable. Statistical analysis was performed in SPPS with the significance less than 0. 05. Findings: Before education, the scores of knowledge, attitude and practices toward food additives in the control group were 73. 1 ±,8. 2, 48. 9 ±,4. 7 and 46. 7 ±,5. 4 while the scores were 73. 7 ±,7. 3, 48. 2 ±,6. 4 and 45. 4 ±,7. 8 in case group, respectively. In parallel, the scores were 73. 9 ±,8. 7, 48. 1 ±,4. 7 and 45. 6 ±,7. 3 after education in control group. The scores improved to 88. 9 ±,2. 3, 80. 9 ±,3. 7 and 75. 9 ±,4. 7 for knowledge, attitude and practices in the case group, respectively. The significant difference in the scores showed the impact of education on participants toward food additives. Conclusion: Regarding the results of our study, the efficacy of education toward food additives was observed in population of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The highest and lowest scores were allocated to knowledge and practices of participants. Therefore, continuous education toward food additives is recommended for consumers to select the proper and healthier food.

Background: Excessive work heat stress has profound effects on physiological responses that cause occupational injuries, losses, and reduced productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between heat stress and strain indices with human productivity in workers of a steam power plant. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 104 workers of a steam power plant in summer season. To measure heat stress and strain, two indices wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and Heat strain score index (HSSI) were used to measure stress and heat strain, respectively. Human productivity was also measured using a Hersey and Goldsmit 26-item scale. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings: The highest value of WBGT index was related to the 4th floor boiler unit with average (27. 3 ±,5. 6) and the lowest value was related to the administrative unit with average (16. 9 ±,3. 5). The maximum and minimum value of HSSI index was obtained for the 3th floor boiler (27. 2 ±,0. 4) and Workshop installation unit. The highest and lowest values human productivity is related to the welding (97 ±,25. 9) and boiler unit (28. 5 ±,2. 8). The results of ANOVA analysis showed that the values of WBGT, HSSI indices and productivity subscales in different units were significantly different (P < 0. 05). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between productivity and its subscales with the amount of heat stress and strain (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there is a negative relationship between productivity, heat stress and strain. Therefore, to protect workers' health and productivity, precautionary measures should be taken, including an appropriate rest-work ratio, short working hours, fluid replacement, and engineering controls such as the use of efficient cooling methods such as air conditioning, fan, or cooling clothing.

Background: In Covid-19 epidemic, one way to prevent the prevalence is quarantine that has negative psychological effects, especially for students. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of psychological well-being in predicting sleep quality during corona quarantine in high school students. Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-analytic study was all high school students in Kalaleh, Iran. The samples (n = 212) were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments were Demographic questionnaire, the short version of Reef Psychological Well-being Scale and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data was analyzed using Pearson and stepwise regression in SPSS software (P ≤,0. 05). Findings: Based on regression analysis, psychological well-being is able to predict sleep quality (P = 0. 010, F = 6. 54, R2 = 0. 030). In fact, among the psychological well-being variables, Environmental Mastery (P = 0. 001, T = 5. 379, R2 = 0. 120) has the highest ability to predict sleep problems in high school students during corona quarantine. The results also showed that the components of gender, education and ethnicity do not play a modulating role. Conclusion: The results showed that psychological well-being plays a role in predicting the quality of sleep of high school students during corona quarantine. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to students' psychological well-being in the corona epidemic and the resulting quarantine.

Background: Every organization is created with human resources and without it, no organization will be able to survive. Due to the important role of human resources in health care systems and their satisfaction in ensuring the quality of care, the present study was conducted to determine the level of job satisfaction and its relationship with demographic variables in health workers working in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 health workers in Farsan and Koohrang counties of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, in 2020. In this study, a standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. The scores of job satisfaction domains were described with mean, standard deviation (SD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) and were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) via SPSS software. Findings: The mean scores obtained from the job satisfaction evaluation included 1. 97 ±,0. 88 for the payment system, 3. 28 ±,0. 92 for the type of job, 2. 69 ±,0. 98 for the advancement opportunities, 1. 97 ±,0. 69 for the health reform plan, 3. 10 ±,1. 13 for the organizational climate, 3. 03 ±,0. 85 for the leadership style, 3. 09 ±,1. 09 for the physical condition, and 2. 26 ±,0. 29 for the correct implementation of job packages. Statistically, a significant relationship was observed between the payment system and the level of education of health workers (P < 0. 001), the advancement opportunities and gender (P = 0. 020), health workers’,job satisfaction regarding the health reform plan and the amount of service records (P = 0. 002), the organizational climate and the place of service of health workers (P = 0. 025), the leadership style and the level of education (P = 0. 004), and the implementation of service packages of health workers and the residence of health workers (P = 0. 004). Conclusion: The highest and lowest levels of satisfaction of health workers were related to the type of job and payment system, respectively. In general, the job satisfaction of health workers working in Farsan and Koohrang cities was moderate and the need for comprehensive planning to improve the job quality and quantity of health care workers is essential.

Background: Waste is not only problematic in terms of health and environment, but also in terms of transportation, collection and disposal. The aim of this study was to identify the effective indicators in citizenship education for minimization and segregation of waste in 1399 in the provinces of Tehran, Shiraz, Saveh and Khomein. Methods: This research is an exploratory research from the perspective of the purpose, which is mixed with the research method and is based on deductive-inductive reasoning. The statistical population of this study consists of experts including university professors and municipal managers. Non-probability and purposeful sampling and data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. For the analysis of specialized interviews, the qualitative thematic method has been used. Also, the identified indicators have been validated by fuzzy Delphi method. Findings: Research data analysis was performed in the qualitative phase with MaxQDA software and in the quantitative phase with Matlab software. Results: The results of the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method. In the open coding stage, 517 codes were identified. Finally, 11 axes (main category) and 45 indicators (subcategory) were obtained through axial coding. Conclusion: The results showed that in order to educate citizens to minimize and separate from the source of waste, a bedding is needed that is appropriate to the educational goals. Among these, the principles of curriculum education and the determination of educational behavioral goals are of great importance. Also, appropriate educational needs assessment and the principles of selecting educational content and organizing it in order to achieve the goals of citizenship education as a facilitating factor. In general, the principles of selecting teaching-learning methods and approaches based on it and considering the analysis and determination of the evaluation system and the role of the teacher in the appropriate educational environment, will lead to respect and responsibility for the environment in high school students.

Background: The school after the family is the second institution that the child traverses in order to study and learn at a wider level. Children and adolescents are the future makers of the country and their physical, mental, and social health guarantees the health of present and future community. By paying attentio to the health of this group, a big step can be taken in the prevention of diseases in old age that imposes a lot of costs on society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of health education in promoting the health of female elementary school students in Isfahan, Iran, from the perspective of school health educators. Methods: In this analytical descriptive study, from among the health educators working in girls’,elementary schools in District 5 of Isfahan in 2018, 60 people were selected using simple random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire including questions about personal hygiene, public health, mental health, student empowerment, and the position of health educators among students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, and t-test via SPSS software. Findings: 15. 25% of health educators in schools were single, 84. 75% were married, and 71. 20% had a bachelor's degree. There was a significant relationship between the impact of health education on the areas of mental health, personal health, and public health (P < 0. 001, r = 0. 607). In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the variables of mental health domains and personal health (P < 0. 001, r = 0. 526). Conclusion: Health education to students in schools by the health educator affects the improvement of personal, public, and mental health of students. The more the health education and the time of periodic examinations are, the greater the impact on students' empowerment is. Besides, students' access to health education helps secure their health and flourishing of their talents in the physical and mental fields. The results show the key role of health educators in maintaining and promoting health in the society.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a causal model of social, academic and emotional risk-taking based on parenting styles, excitement, coping styles with mediation of academic skills in students with high-risk behaviors. Took. Methods: The method of this research is descriptive-correlational and especially structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all male and female high school students in the city of Karaj in the academic year 2019-2020, from which 300 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. To collect data from the high-risk behaviors questionnaire of Mohammadi et al. (2011), social, educational and emotional risktaking behaviors of Kilgus et al. (2014), Bamrind (1991) parenting styles, coping styles Andler and Parker Stress (1990),The Excitement of Zuckerman et al. (1981),Academic skills of Shabani et al. (2015) were used. Data were analyzed by structural equation analysis and statistical software SPSS and AMOS software version 24. Findings: The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit. Parenting practices, excitement, and coping strategies are directly related to social, academic, and emotional risk-taking. Parenting practices, excitement, and coping strategies are indirectly related to social, academic, and emotional risk-taking through the variable of academic skills. Conclusion: Findings consistent with the conceptual model suggest that parenting styles, excitement, and stress coping strategies are indirectly related to risky behaviors through academic skills. Also, another part of the findings showed that parenting practices, excitement and coping strategies are indirectly related to risk-taking through the variable of academic skills. These results have theoretical and practical applications in designing prevention programs about students' risk-taking that should be considered.

Background: In the process of bitumen production, the release of vapors and gases in a confined space can cause health hazards. These vapors contain aromatic hydrocarbons, smoke and a very small amount of hydrogen sulfide. The aim of this study was to determine the level of health risk in occupational exposure of workers in a bitumen industry using vacuum baton of oil refinery. Methods: In this study, the chemical risk assessment method of chemicals, including semi-quantitative assessment of Malaysia, Singapore Department, which systematically identified chemical hazards and then the exposure or probability of exposure was calculated and the risk level was determined and control measures necessary to reduce risk Related items were introduced and prioritized. The occupations of the guillotine and press operator, welding and cutting units, paint pool, vacuum discharge, laboratory, repairmen and guard and office units were assessed in this study. Findings: According to the results of this study, 65% of the people were working in the barrel making unit and bitumen production site and 79% of the people had less than 10 years of work experience. Workplace chemical agents included gasoline, toluene, orthosylene, paraxylene, ethylbenzene, heptane, hexane, and Trichloroethylene, kerosene vapors, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, and asphalt and bitumen fumes. The highest risk coefficients were related to benzene, chromium fume and bitumen vapors. Also, in terms of location, the highest risk levels were related to the paint pool, cutting and pressing units, welding and laboratory, and about half of the exposure to metal fumes, organic solvents and bitumen vapors had medium and high risk levels. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the highest level of health risk was obtained for benzene and chromium compounds and bitumen vapors for which appropriate control measures should be taken, including the installation of local vacuum cleaners, the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, Reducing exposure time, mechanization of processes, sampling of workers' respiratory area and paraclinical tests and biological monitoring of chemical contaminants can be used to control the exposure to these compounds.

Background: Medical waste is one of the most important public health and environmental challenges. The aim of this study was the assessment of generation rate and management of medical waste in health centers of Qazvin. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, generation rate and status of collection and storage, decontamination and disposal of medical waste in 10 health care center, 7 health post and 12 health house in Qazvin county were collected through observation, interview and standard checklist and their status was assessment by adapting to health regulations and instructions. Findings: The amount of medical waste generation in health centers, bases and health houses was 5. 31, 2. 1 and 1. 68 kg per day, respectively. General wastes had the highest production rate and chemical and pharmaceutical wastes had the lowest production rates in the studied centers. Medical waste management in health centers and bases was better than the health houses. Conclusion: Some of activities related to medical waste management, especially collection and transportation, on-site or off-site decontamination, chemical and pharmaceutical waste do not comply with national laws and regulations.