BIANUUAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF IRAN LOCAL HISTORIES
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (11) |Papers Count:12

In the midst of the Oil Nationalization Movement, south oil areas (including Khuzestan) were of great attentions. In addition to the oil industry in these areas that the debates to control them were in the peak point, oil workers' strikes in 1951 caused some stances in this regard. In March of 1951 a part from the salaries of workers of Oil Company was deducted that helped sparking the strikes in these areas. The workers would consider the company responsible for their salaries deduction and chaos in oil areas. Tudeh party tried to organize the workers by its dual policies and National party and its leaders were attempting to calm the oil fields. Bad economic conditions and livelihood of workers were the main reasons for the workers' movements and the critical position of these areas due to the struggle for the nationalization of oil were to be considered greatly. However, this study, besides to investigate the strikes, seeks the answer to this question: Which were the causes of formation of oil workers' strikes in south oil areas and what did the above mentioned parties do in such situation? It seems that the Oil Company's policy to reduce the workers' salary and appearance of dissatisfactions (which resulted in Tudeh's activities among the workers) caused the union of them. The method of this study is descriptive-analytic and the writer has tried to collect the required information by the documents and library resources.

The study of Kermanshah's first modern schools foundation can be an introduction to the process of the modern cultural evolutions and modern civil institutes and also it can be an entrance to the history of the west of country's cultural evolutions. The establishment of the modern schools in kermanshah in Mozafareddin Shah period (1899-1906) is the topic of this article This article analyzes the foundation of the first scholar units using documented evidence, and books with descriptive-analytical approach which exists in the cultural history of the western Iran and it also tries to clarify the structral obstacles existing in the modern scholar units In this period, despite its special importance in the history of the culture and modern schools of Kermanshah, due to the lack of historical and statistical evidence, destruction of documents and information, lack of statistical questionaires, and poor local historiographical thoughts, historical documents were either destroyed in the storm of historical events or they are too little to present an exact judgment on its quality.

To determine the historical geography of cities that, over a period of history, have had a special significance from political, military, economic and religious perspectives, makes it possible to analyze more precisely the events of that era. Among these cities, it should be noted that the border town of Devin, which has a special position in terms of its geographical location, although the city dates back to the third millennium BC, its growth and development dates back to the mid-fourth century. At the same time as replacing the former capital of Armenia, the Armenian artashat and after the extinction of the Parthian dynasty, was selected as a border settlement. In fact, this research seeks to address the geographical location of the city and the reasons for its importance in Iran and Byzantium's circle competition. To achieve this purpose, the methods of historical research (descriptive-analytical) and based on the evidence and the views of researchers, have been used. The findings of this study suggest the importance of politico-military, economic, commercial and religious city, due to its geographical location. As the takeover of the city by Iran and Byzantium as Mesopotamia and dominate the coastal areas of the Black Sea region was considered. And from these areas could easily threaten each other's administrative center. Economically and religiously, it was also was one of the centers where trade exchanges between the two countries took place, and in certain cases, special religious councils were formed.

Along with competition of tribal Afsharieh, Zandiyeh and Qajar members, the fight between two intellectual Shiite sides of Sufi Ne'matollā hā and Sharia scholars leading by Principal Mujtaheds in Kerman City was escalated and led to killing of Mushtaq Ali Shah and one of his followers. This division was highly effective on the subsequent events of the city such as the capture of the city by Aqa Mohammad Khan Qajar, in the process of the consolidation coincident with Fath Ali Shah era, inevitably made itself close to the municipal bodies among which scholars and clergymen were considered the most powerful ones. This policy subjected Sofia to pressure and threat. During the reign of Mohammad Shah, the Sharia followers of Kerman challenged the Tariqa followers’ supremacy by the implementation of Sharia law. Explaining the events and expressing the consequences of this division is the subject of this study. Investigating the references and documents and analyzing historical data indicate the contention and conflict of these two influential groups of Kerman during the reign of the first three kings of the Qajar dynasty.

Nishabur province has long been one of the most beautiful and lush green areas of eastern Iran, and its remarkable source of water and its prime soil for cultivation has made it one of the most important agricultural areas in Khorasan. Agriculture in Nishabur province experienced one of its most prosperous periods in the 3rd to 6th centuries, although during this period, due to various factors, it has occationally been up and down. The present article describes agriculture in Nishabur province and its various topics around this period, using the descriptive – analytical method, which seeks to explain the agricultural development in the province and the factors affecting it. The result of this study indicates that agriculture in this province peaked during the 3rd ceutury AD, and gradually deteriorated in the next few years due to various factors, reaching its lowest in the 6th century AH.

Geography as a platform for history has always played an important role in shaping historical developments. Statement of the geographical situation of a region in terms of location and climate makes it easier to understand political events and even understand many obscure historical issues. This research is a type of qualitative research that seeks to find the geographic factors affecting the formation of the boundaries of the Taherian government. The reliance of historical sources on the reporting of political events has unintention caused historians and narrators to be underestimated ally where the events took place. Accordingly, non-historiographical sources, especially geographic books, have been used to identify Taherian territory, so far, the role of the geographic factors in the formation of the frontiers of the Taherian government has not been the subject of in dependent research, and only in some books related to the history of the Taheri dynasty have been tran siently and generally referred to the limits of their political geography. In the present paper, the borders of Taherian keeping the historical order of the rulers of Taheri. Finally, by referring to the map sin some valid domestic and foreign atlases, the degree of compliance of written sources reports and these maps has been proposed as a new map validation.

Shortly after the formation of the National Assembly, many problems occurd in the social, political and economic sheres. These problems brought in security in different areas, including local unrest and riots in different parts of the country. Due to the vacuum of power and under the influence of other factors, incesrity was created in the communication paths of different cities and their surroundings, which was not excluded by Isfahan. Robbery and predatory plunderings in the urban and suburban routes transformed the area into one of the centeral insecure areas. Reza Khan Jozdani was one of those rebels whose activities and revolt continued from 1329-1337 AH/1911-1919 AD. What caused Reza Khan Jozdani’ s viciousness? How did his performance caused insecurity around Isfahan, and why can he be considered as a rebel and his activities as rebellion? are the main questions of this research. The present study, in addition to answering the above questions, investinges and analyzez the rebellion of Reza khan Jozdani in Isfahan. It seems that factors such as famine, the prevalence of contagious diseases, the lack of powerful ruler and the interference of foreigners in Iran have led to the growth of robbery looting, and rumors that Reza Khan Jozdani was one its products.

Qajar tribes until the foundation of the monarchy (1209 AH / 1502-1794 AH) have been influential for several conturies in Iranian events. The purpose of this paper is to identify the reasons for the continuation of Qajar residen ce in Estarabar, which is carriedout using a descriptine – analytical approach and a library method. The mainissue of the research is the reason for the establishment and continuation of Qajar residence in Estarabar. According to the author, contarary to the view of some contemporary scholar who consider forced displacement caused by Qajar settlement in this region, the way of establishing Qajar relations with neighboring tribes plays an essential role in their survival on the banks of the Gorgan River. It is assumed that the forced tranfar in safavid period was not the only factor in the continuation of Qajar’ s presence, and the results of the surveys show that the intelligence of the Qajar lesders in turning the Turkmen threat to the opportunity and the way of their relationship with their neighbors was an important favtor in their continued presence in the Estarabad region. Unlike the tribes, migrated by force such as the Georgians the Lezgis, the Afghans, the kurds and the Lords, they became frienda with the Turkmen, and environmental features have also made it possible to plan the political strategy of this tribe to get into power.

The greatest proportion of renovations related to Abbas Mirza the Crown Prince was concentrated on military operation, presently expanded into new aspects including financial, administrative and bureaucratic, legal and judicial, sanitary, social and cultural issues, was restricted in the Crown Prince’ s ruling territory, Azerbaijan. Financial and constructional renovation, which assumed as the most important sections in reform after military renovations, were considered as the necessity of continuity Tanzimat. This essay has been implemented through the descriptive and analytical historical research methodology, based on the library researching method. The assumption tried to demonstrate how few elements including being limited in objective appearance and failing to provide new and continuous funds, cause serious difficulties in renovative operation. The research find out beside domestic opposition and foreign enemies, economic frustration comes from the war and lack of Shah’ s financial support, failing to convince theoretically and ignoring to provide cultural context can be considered as the most important reason halting reforms.

The high position and capacity of the official education in nationalization project led the Reza Shah’ s government to have a special look at developing education. Since one of the major purposes of this institute was improving and spreading Persian language as a salient factor in nationalism and strengthening of national unity, the spread and establishment of educational institutes had a cardinal importance in tribal and minority districts. The purpose of this study is to know the reasons and the response of local people of Kurdistan to the development of public schools. In this regard, it has been attempted to answer the following questions with descriptive-analytical method and by exploring archival documents: What was the quality of administering the Pahlavi government’ s educational policies? What role did military commanders play in the establishment of schools and the development of education in Kurdistan? How did common groups welcome new schools and what was the opinion of people towards the aforementioned schools? The chief hypothesis of this study is that the religious beliefs and traditional context of society, and the use of force and coercion led to the lack of welcoming new schools by people. Findings of the research also show that some other factors such as the appointment of non-native teachers, and the need for teaching lessons in Persian, the awful economic and livelihood condition of the residents, lack of consistency between the school textbooks and needs of society and etc. also have contributed to these events.

In 1950-1953, oil was an important subject in political events in Iran contemporary history. Debate of 1933 contract, government’ s locality in relation to it appointment of Mosaddegh as prime minister and other events of his government added to importance of this historical period of Iran past. National movement’ s motives and goals were emphasis on “ national sovereignty” and “ independence” . Reaction of oil nationalization of Iran in all of Iran’ s cities presents political-social Parties and organizations' activities as basic centers of them. In fact, religious cities, oilfield and tribal areas. These regions played in oil nationalization of Iran. This paper based on compiled documents, represents action and reaction of people of different cities as centers of activities of branches of Parties or spontaneous struggles. in this article, it’ s been studied Parties' role and activities of them in cities of Iran, the Press, both local and formal newspapers, telegrams, announcements and declarations that issued by clergy and people duties. In this essay it will be concluded that in spite of regional, local and social differences in all of Iran.

Shahsevan tribe is one of the Iranianlargest tribes That chose Moqan plain and Sabalanhillsides as their own country side and winter quarters(qeshlaq) in Safavid era. During the Qajar period, the Shahsevans mainland in Moqan plain, once by occupation of their grasslands in the wars between Iran and Russia and again due to the numerous political pressures by Russian government changed. This article, by gathering data to do with Shahsevan tribe from historical references and archives and by using historical method, is going to study territorial transposition and compulsory wandering and migration of some of its clans according to political effects. The results show that losing of their rangelands, competition between local governors for domination on tribes, losing of their animal production sale market, taking additional tax, weakness of central government and conspiracy of Russia in order to motivate powerful frontier tribes for plundering for the sake of putting Iranian government under pressure in order to accommodate tribes, border disputes between Shahsevan clans and then closing the borders were the most important reasons of transpositions of Shahsevan tribe and led to the emerging of subsequent circumstances that this tribe encountered by their establishment on grasslands that Iranian government assigned them.