JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2017 | Volume:5 | Issue:19 |Papers Count:8

Nowadays, tourism is one of the major strategies and plans for development in different countries. In recent years, the tourism industry has had the highest incomes and employments among the various industries in the world. Therefore, it has taken a large part of the global economy. Its abundant economic opportunities and advantages as well as the positive effects of cultural, social, political and security of tourism have led almost all governments in different countries seek to activate the tourism industry based on their attractions. So, the world is witnessing the globalization of tourism. Iran is one of the first countries that legislated law for tourism development in Middle East and Asia from 80 years ago. The tourism industry in Iran has affected in the past by politics part. Iran's national documents and laws are one of the factors that can determine tourism situation in Iran. This article surveyed the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, The Future Outlook of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Horizon of the 2025, the document of the comprehensive scientific map of Iran, the plans of five-annual development (five programs from first to fifth) and law of establishing cultural heritage tourism organization. We used container analysis method. The results of the research show that the tourism has been less considered by policy makers and planners of the Islamic Republic of Iran and they have considered a kind of limited domestic tourism with a minimalistic and cultural viewpoint.

The importance of the housing sector and its relation to macroeconomic variables and its role as a stimulus of the banking system is one of the important topic in the economy of Iran. On average there is 40% investment in the housing sector annually. In this study investigated the effect of investment in housing on short-term bank interest rates using the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and seasonal data of Iranian economy during the period 1973- 2016. The results of the model showed that there is significant and negative correlation between investment in construction and bank interest rates in the short run. But there is not a significant relationship between pattern variables and bank interest rates in the long run. The estimatation of error coloration Model (ECM) showed that there is a little speed to adjust to the equilibrium.

This paper examines the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment (FDI) By using panel data approach and fixed effect estimation Over the period 1985-2014, In order to choose between different methods (Pooled Least Squares (PLS), fixed effects, and random effects (RE)), Chao (F. Limer) and Hausman tests are used. The results show that corruption not only reduces investment but also changes the composition of investment in countries that are the origion of investment flows. It presents two key findings. First, corruption results in relatively lower FDI from countries that have signed OECD Convention on International Business Transaction. Second, corruption results in relatively higher FDI from countries with high levels of corruption. This suggests that investors who have been exposed to bribery at home may not be deterred by corruption abroad, but instead seek countries where corruption is prevalent.

In the macroeconomic literature, inflation uncertainty can affect investment and economic growth by inducing the decisions of economic actors. The main objective of this study is investigating the relationships between inflation uncertainty, inflation, economic growth and investment in selected OIC countries over the period 1995-2013. In this study, two-step generalized moment method (GMM) is used to estimation of models. The results show that inflation uncertainty has positive and significant effect on inflation. Also inflation uncertainty affects investment and economic growth negatively. Estimation results of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) Model show that inflation uncertainty has negative effects on investment and economic growth in the long run. But its' effects have been different depending on the situation in each country in the short run. Therefore, it is argued that the correct implementation of inflation stabilization programs and the rapid growth of prices will ultimately lead to investment growth and an increase in the real activity of the economy (and it will accelerate the economic growth) in the country.

In the most countries, particularly developing countries which have undeveloped financial markets, banks play a key role as the most important financial intermediary. Improving the performance of banks can have significant impact on the efficient allocation of financial resources. Banks' performance is affected by internal factors under the control of banks and external factors. Economic freedom can affect the quality of banks' performance through the impact on the environment of exchanges. This paper examines the impact of the internal variables such as banks' liquidity, size, credit risk, non-interest expense to assets and capital ratio and key macroeconomic variables including economic growth, inflation, and economic freedom index on the banks' performance in Iran using panel data model over the period 2005-2012. The results show that the economic freedom and freedom from government intervention indices have negative effect and economic growth rate, inflation rate, banks' capital, business freedom, monetary freedom and freedom from corruption have positive effect on banks' performance in Iran.

The organising of the judiciary system has been one of the most important issues for governments in Iran. Therefore, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Policymaking and, consequently, judicial policymaking was considered In the light of 110th Article of the Constitution. More to the point, in order to ensure the realization and implementation of policies, several mechanisms were predicted to monitor the compliance of the development plan laws from the determined policies. Plan laws are the most important means for implementation of the grand policies, thus the conformation of the plan laws generally with grand policies and especially with judicial policies is very important. But the most important problem is the lack of accurate, comprehensive, and eruditely planning so that after about three decades is still unsolved. So considering both the gaps and the necessity of proper judicial planning for implementation of general policies, this paper deals with the effects of grand policies on the sixth Law for the Development Plan of Iran.

The idea of the rule of law means that government must be exercised according to the law and the equality of all individuals before the laws. The realization of this ideal in the executive branch to prevent the arbitrary actions of the executive and administrative officials is very important, but the realization of this idea in practice is carried out by some special control measures. The purpose of this paper is to review these aforementioned control measures in both the UK and Iran and to show their strengths and weaknesses. The idea of separation of powers and its impact on the political control of the legislature over the executive branch can play a constructive role to control the power of the executive. In the UK, the mix of powers and the majority system of the country has led many scholars to see the parliament as a tool in the service of the Cabinet. In contrast, in Iran, the Islamic Consultative Assembly has significant tools in order to influence the executive branch. Also, the Supreme Court of UK and the Administrative Court of Justice in Iran, play an important role in ensuring the rule of law through judicial review in relation to administrative institutions and the officials. But it is expected in our country that the legislator takes steps in order to strengthen and expand the competencies of the Administrative Court of Justice.

The present article aims to study the strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Yemeni crisis. After explaining different factors involving in creating the crisis in the country, in terms of the Lucien Pye's theory of crises, the authors further describe Tehran's orientation and policies toward the Yemeni crisis, taking into account the values and principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran's foreign policy and considering the security circumstances in the region. In order to assess the strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia's efforts to securitize the regional issues at the present time, the article takes the "security complex theory" of Bary Buzan as its conceptual framework. In fact, Riyadh, since its formation in 1932, has been pursuing a securitization policy in Yemen, in pursuit of its interests and policies in Sana'a. Now, after the increase of the Islamic Republic of Iran's regional power, Saudi Arabia, through the continuation of its hegemonic policy, is trying somehow to present Tehran as the factor of destabilization and securitization in the region. Therefore, the article, after explaining the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on peaceful and participatory coexistence, proposes the de-securitization strategy, aimed at transforming the security environment in the Persian Gulf region.