Ebnesina
Year:2023 | Volume:25 | Issue:1 (82)|Papers Count:10

Background and aims: Survival rate is one of the main prognostic indicators in cancer related topics. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival rate and related factors in breast cancer patients referred to a military hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In a longitudinal epidemiologic study of a historical cohort type, the recorded data of all women with breast cancer who referred to radiotherapy center of a military hospital between 2012 and 2017 were selected by the census method and were evaluated in terms of five-year survival rate. The survival rate curve was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier statistical method, and Cox-regression was used to examine the variables affecting survival. Results: In the minimum 6-year follow-up of 249 patients, 237 (95. 2%) were alive. The 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rates in all study patients were 100%, 98% and 96%, respectively. There were significant relationships between mortality rate and age, number of children, education, menopausal status, lymphatic involvement, clinical stage and grade, underlying disease, and family history of bearst cancer (p<0. 05). Among the variables included in the Cox model, lymphatic involvement and underlying disease had the greatest impact on reducing survival. Conclusion: Public education at the time of patients’,visits and during the golden times of diagnosis and treatment has been effective in reducing deaths and increasing survival.

Background and aims: Fetuin B is one of the hepatokines associated with insulin resistance and liver function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pyramidal aerobic exercises on insulin resistance and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and fetuin B in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected by random sampling and randomly divided into two groups of exercise and control. The training protocol consisted of eight weeks of training, three sessions per week, and each session included 40-55 minutes of pyramidal aerobic training. The exercise was performed with 35-50%, 50-65%, and 65-80% of the resting heart rate (RHR), respectively. Fasting blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the intervention. Dependent t-tests and covariance analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: After the pyramid aerobic exercise period, a significant decrease was observed in the levels of insulin resistance, fetuin B, ALT, and AST compared to the control group (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Pyramidal aerobic exercises by reducing fetuin B have positive effects on reducing insulin resistance and improving liver disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background and aims: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been shown to be suitable for studying the effects of exercise on multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Considering the role of Bax and BCL2 proteins in cell apoptosis, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming training before EAE induction on cell apoptosis in the thymus gland. Methods: Totally, 30 mice were randomly divided into three groups (training+EAE, control+EAE, and control). The training program began (30 minutes/day, five days/week, and four weeks). To induce EAE, subcutaneous injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide was used for immunization and intraperitoneal injection of pertussis toxin was performed. Bax and BCL2 proteins were measured in thymus tissue. Results: EAE induction caused a significant increase in expression of Bax (p=0. 001) and a significant decrease in expression of BCL2 (p=0. 012) compared to the control group. The expression of Bax in the training+EAE group had a significant decrease (p=0. 0001) compared to the control+EAE group and a significant increase compared to the control group (p=0. 003). The expression of BCL2 in the training+EAE had a significant increase compared to the control+EAE group (p=0. 001) and a significant decrease compared to the control group (p=0. 01). The Bax/BCL2 in the control+EAE group increased significantly compared to the control group, and this ratio decreased significantly in the training+EAE group compared to the control+EAE group (p=0. 002). Conclusion: A swimming training before EAE reduces the severity of the disease and has modulating effects on apoptosis and inflammation.

Background and aims: Borderline personality disorder is one of the severe psychological disorder that is associated with many problems in executive functions. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and drug therapy on executive functions in patients with borderline personality disorder. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with control group design on 45 patients with borderline personality disorder that were selected using available sampling and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The cognitive rehabilitation group underwent Captain’, s Log cognitive rehabilitation program for 12 sessions. The drug therapy group was treated with lamotrigine for three months. To collect data, Executive Functions Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013) was used. Three months later, the subjects were followed again. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance by repeated measures. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements. In addition, according to the significance of F obtained in the intergroup source in the total score of executive functions, memory components, selective inhibition, selective attention, decision making, planning, sustained attention, social cognition, and cognitive flexibility, it can be said that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the experimental groups and the control group. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be said that cognitive rehabilitation and drug therapy can be used as effective methods in increasing executive functions in medical centers.

Background and aims: The supply of fresh water from salt water is mainly done through expensive and energy-intensive technologies. A presentable alternative is to integrate the processes of wastewater treatment, desalination of saline water, and renewable energy production through microalgal desalination cell. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential of this technology to treat synthetic wastewater, removal rate of interfering ions from a model saline water, and the rate of electricity generation. Methods: Four different mixed culture samples was taken to be used in the anode to find the best mixed culture with regard to the growth rate and adaptation to the new conditions. The performance of two types of cylindrical batteries, air cathode and biocathode containing a microalga of Scenedesmus obliquus, were compared based on the operational parameters and desalination. Results: The initial results showed that the best growth coefficient was for the anaerobic sludge sample (0. 15d-1). After starting the batteries and comparing the results, the maximum steady voltage and the electric power densityof the battery with biocathode was measured as 283mv and 64mWm¯, ², , respectively. Based on the desalination data, the maximum percentage of salt removal was %44. Conclusion: The present research showed that this kind of cell has a suitable efficiency for desalination of saline water and it has the conditions for further studies to increase the sacle and use in areas with water crisis.

Background and aims: One of the methods of addiction treatment and reduce its related high risk behaviors is maintenance treatment with agonist drugs. It is necessary to determine the economic evaluation related to this method due to the concern about the cost of services. Accordingly, this study aimed to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of maintenance treatment centers in Tehran. Methods: This cost-effectiveness study was a longitudinal study before and after receiving treatment with agonist drugs in private centers. In this study, the reduction of high risk behaviors was regarded as the effectiveness index. Totally, 300 people referred to the maintenance treatment centers in Tehran between 2017 and 2018 were selected using cluster sampling method. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and sensitivity analysis. Results: A six months survey showed that of all the high-risk behaviors with the possibility of contracting HIV/AIDS,I has decreased from 160 (before going to the maintenance treatment centers) to 42. Also, the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio showed that the intervention is cost effective. Conclusion: This study showed that maintenance treatment centers have higher effectiveness than their costs in reducing high risk behaviors.

Background and aims: Shooting plays an important role among acquired skills and is considered one of the main criteria for assessing ability. This comprehensive review aimed to summarize the effective and key factors on the accuracy and performance of shooting in both military and sports fields. Methods: This review study was done by searching in Persian and English databases from 1995 to 2022. The keywords were “, shooting”,with “, pistol, accuracy, precision, stress, performance, technique, rifle, , elite”, , as well as “, sports, dynamic balance, military, skilled and unskilled archers, police, soldiers, and marksmanship”, . Results: After reviewing the full text of the articles, 21 articles were selected in military (n=15) and sports (n=6) field. The results showed that the studies investigated some effective factors such as 1) muscle strength and endurance, 2) stress and anxiety, 3) fatigue and visual acuity, 4) caffeine and supplements, and 5) skill on performance and shooing accuracy. Conclusion: The results of the studies showed that fatigue and anxiety have a negative effect on shooting performance, but the training and practice of these conditions will improve shooting performance. It was also found that improving the central muscles of the body and physical , fitness , factors have , a positive effect , on shooting performance. In addition, the results showed that the consumption of drinks depending on its type and dosage can have a negative or positive effect on shooting performance. Therefore, paying attention to these variables improves the performance and accuracy of shooting in both military and sports fields.

Background and aims: Fear of the unknown has always been a source of anxiety for human beings. With the outbreak of corona virus, anxiety has been observed in nurses, so monitoring its psychological consequences among them should be considered. The aim of this study was to predict the anxiety of the corona virus based on self-consept and resilience in the nurses. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was a correlational survey design. Among all nurses in the second half of 2020, 81 individuals were selected by simple random method. The participants responded to the questionnaires of self-concept (BSCT), resilience (CD-RIS), and anxiety of coronavirus (CDAS). Pearson’, s correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that self-concept and resilience have the ability to predict the anxiety of the corona virus in nurses (p<0. 001). Self-concept with a regression coefficient of B = 0. 203 and resilience with a value of B = 0. 412 were able to directly predict the anxiety of coronavirus. Conclusion: Based on the results, the techniques of increasing self- consept and resilience can be used to reduce the anxiety of the coronavirus in nurses.

Background and aims: Road accidents are the main cause of injuries and the most important causes of disability and death worldwide. Traffic accidents are the eighth cause of death in the world and the first cause of death in the ages of 15-29 years. Approximately, a quarter of the world’, s road deaths occur among motorcyclists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the consequences of traffic accidents leading to injuries and hospitalization in motorcyclists of Dezful in 2018. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the hospital records of injured motorcyclists in Ganjavian Hospital in 2018 were reviewed. The information in the files were collected and analyzed through a researcher-made checklist containing demographic information and the consequences of incidents. Results: The results showed that the mean age of the subjects was 29. 24±, 16. 10 years. The most trauma was to the head and neck (31. 8%) and then the lower extremity (30. 09%). The orthopedic surgery with 80. 8% and screw andplates as its surgical tools with 59. 6% had the highest rank. Conclusion: According to the pattern of consequences of traffic accidents, if politicians pay attention to the prevention of traffic accidents, especially in the age group of adolescents and young people, the workload of specialists can be reduced and by using the vital capacity of hospitals for other necessary cases.