International Journal of Hospital Research
Year:2022 | Volume:11 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Introduction and objective: Understanding the various eHealth strategies used in the Covid-19 pandemic and its consequences can help to better and more effectively benefit in the future and identify its potential challenges, and more effective and efficient solutions to deal with future epidemics. In this study, we aimed to review the types of eHealth strategies used in the COVID-19 pandemic, the consequences and weaknesses and related challenges. Methods: In this scoping review we use PRISMA statement to guide or study. Quantitative and qualitative studies that have empirically examined the application of eHealth strategies in Covid-19 pandemic management were included in the review. Inclusion criteria were outlined based on the three characteristics of Population, Concept, and Context (PCC),the population was population of countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The concept was the use of eHealth strategies to control the Covid-19 pandemic and reduce its negative consequences for individuals and community. And the context was Covid-19 pandemic. Results: Search strategies yielded 3, 683 results, and 21 studies were included in the review. Main challenges of adopting eHealth strategies in the COVID-19 era included privacy and data security concerns, resource limitation, need for wireless/internet base systems, need for accuracy and efficiency approval, high cost, and need for linked health information systems. eHealth strategies have been successful in controlling nosocomial infections, reducing the relationship between treatment staff and patients, more accurate and faster diagnosis, providing services to a wide range of patients, and providing quality services. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that different countries, depending on their infrastructure and available resources, have been able to effectively and efficiently benefit from eHealth strategies in identifying, diagnosing, treating and caring for patients.

Background and Objective: The release of incorrect news in the new coronavirus crisis caused the countries involved with this disease experience difficult conditions. In this paper, we tried to review the social psychiatric consequences of release of false information in critical crisis. Method: In this review article, the keywords of coronavirus and COVID-19 and their association with the word’, s false news, pandemic, psychiatric outcomes, social consequences in Springer, PupMed Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest Scopus Google, Magiran, Sid, Normgaz, IranDoc, ensani. ir and Civilica were investigated between January 2019 and May 2020. Result: Psychological effects the rapid onset and spread of the disease has made changes in people's lives and has created negative psychological effects such as depression and fear anxiety. While the Covid-19 was an emerging disease and our knowledge was merging, access to most accurate news and science about the disease was challenging that led to increased false news. Unscientific news and rumors released out of ignorance or by swindlers was a great source of anxiety for public and also sometimes interrupted proper care of Covid-19. In some cases, false information caused harmed to health of community and prolonged the control of pandemic. Conclusion: According to psychological consequences, the negative effects of false news affected the mental health of children and adolescents and the development of behavioral problems, a variety of fears of physical and social isolation, fatigue, impatience, inattention and irritability.

Background and Objective: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery (PCNL) is a common surgery method treatment of staghorn renal stones,however, it may be associated with multiple complications such as bleeding. In our clinical trial study, we investigated the effect of intravenous administration of transamin on reducing bleeding in patients undergoing PCNL surgery. Methods: we started a clinical trial study. A total of 64patients with staghorn renal stone who was admitted to urological unit at Baqiyatallah Hospital for PCNL procedure from 2020 to 2021. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of cases (n=32) and controls (n=32). Patients in case group received intravenous injection of transamin (500 mg) during surgery and then up to 3 doses of 500 mg every 8 hours. After PCNL procedure, parameters such as Hb changes, Hb drop, surgery duration, and hospitalization duration were evaluated and compared between two groups. Results: 36 patients (56. 25%) were male and 28patients (43. 75%) were female. There was no significant difference in the mean of age, weight, and the frequency of sex between two groups. No significant difference was observed in the mean of stone size between controls and cases (3. 5 ±,0. 78 cm vs. 3. 45 ±,0. 87 cm,p=0. 69). Patients in the case group revealed lower Hb drop compared to those in control group (0. 82 ±,0. 4g/dl vs. 2. 51 ±,1. 03g/dl,p<0. 001). The mean of hospitalization time in control group was significantly higher than case group (3. 25 ±,0. 43 days vs. 3. 03 ±,0. 17 days,p=0. 011). The mean of surgery time was higher in controls than cases (43. 12 ±,3. 96 min vs. 40. 78 ±,3. 38 min,p=0. 014). Conclusion: The intravenous injection of tranexamic acid not only decreases Hb drop, but also reduces the hospitalization and PCNL surgery times in patients with staghorn stones without serious side effects.

Background and Objective: Proper and quick diagnosis of disease is necessary in the medical field for the correct and timely treatment. This issue becomes more important when faced to different diseases with similar symptoms, such as thyroid disease, which has similar symptoms to some disease such as cardiovascular disease. Data mining and machine learning techniques are reliable and valuable methods that can improve the ability of physicians for correctly diagnosis and treatment. Method: The main goal of this research is to extract rules of thyroid disease, create the features and analyze feature selection algorithms including filter-based, wrapper based and the genetic algorithm to select the most effective features for thyroid diagnosis. The analysis also performed using decision trees models, random forest, bagging, boosting, and stacking methods for diagnosis and improvement of the illness classes precision that including Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. Model evaluation was performed with four metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure. Result and Conclusion: This research was conducted on data from the University of California (UCI), which included 7200 records with 21 features. Experimental results showed that the genetic algorithm (GA) has a maximum efficiency in feature selection, and the boosted tree with created features produced maximum F-measure among other classifier.

Background and Objective: Physical and mental health are shown to have correlations based upon which parameters including weight, height and feeding behaviors may affect intellectual functions. The present study investigates the correlations between feeding behavior induced changes in anthropometric parameters and the different components of intelligence in children living in two socio-economically different districts in Tehran-Iran. methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study. Food consumption data was collected through questionnaires and interviews and normalized using USDA database to derive energy intakes. Different aspects of intelligence were assessed using Shutte scale and Raven's standard metrics for IQ. The subjects of this research includes 184 students from district 1 and 19 of Tehran city who were selected by simple random sampling method and were assesd for anthropometric during the follow ups in the hospital clinic. Results: There was a weak significant negative correlation (r=-0. 134) between weight and also weight for age (r=-0. 244) and emotional intelligence but not between BMI and IQ or emotional intelligence. Height negatively correlated with intelligence quotient (IQ) (r=-0. 144). Students living in District 19 showed more intake of energy than D. 1 while male students received more energy than females in the later area. In both areas the amount of energy supply was more than needed most of which was gained through intake of carbohydrates and fat. Conclusion: Both districts were significantly different in feeding behaviors and economic levels. Unhealthy feeding behaviors were more prominent in District 19 and overweight might have significant impacts on mental health and intelligence. It is a descriptive-analytical study based on its objectives. Food consumption data was collected through questionnaires and interviews and normalized using USDA database to derive energy intakes. Different aspects of intelligence were assessed using Shutte scale and Raven's standard metrics for IQ. The subjects of this research includes 184 students from district 1 and 19 of Tehran city who were selected by simple random sampling method. There was a weak significant negative correlation (r=-0. 134) between weight and also weight for age (r=-0. 244) and emotional intelligence but not between BMI and IQ or emotional intelligence. Height negatively correlated with intelligence quotient (IQ) (r=-0. 144). Students living in District 19 showed more intake of energy than D. 1 while male students received more energy than females in the later area. In both areas the amount of energy supply was more than needed most of which was gained through intake of carbohydrates and fat. Both districts were significantly different in feeding behaviors and economic levels. Unhealthy feeding behaviors were more prominent in District 19 and overweight might have significant impacts on mental health and intelligence.

Background and Objective: Motivational interviewing (MI) has recently become a topic of great interest in the diabetes behavioral field, attracting multiple research studies’,attention. This concept is about improving one of the most essential aspects of behavior modification, self-efficacy, to promote effective diabetes control. In diabetes-affected subjects, self-efficacy is critical in predicting self-care actions. In this narrative review, we focused on the current literature on motivational interviewing for diabetes patients in hospitals. Methods: this was a narrative review study. Results: Our study revealed that applying the MI method and raising individuals' motivation might increase self-efficacy. To improve health and quality of life, diabetic organizations might adopt the MI approach to address the increasing self-efficacy in diabetic patients. It is suggested that MI can help modify the physical condition of patients as well as blood sugar and systolic blood pressure control along with long-term positive outcomes in the prevention of psychological disorders like depression. Research has proposed application of MI would finally result in life quality improvement in diabetic patients,while there might be some reconsideration for type 1 diabetes as MI has been shown to have lower efficacy for this group of patients. Conclusion: Hospitals that provide healthcare to diabetic patients could implement the MI approach to help improve the medical condition of admitted patients and increase their quality of life, boosting self-efficacy in diabetic patients. This should be considered for hospital healthcare providers' education in order to target diabetic individuals with MI.

Background and Objective: It is widely accepted that nurse performance is vital to quality patient care outcomes. Various factors such as work experience and job satisfaction can affect the performance of nurses working in hospitals. This study aimed to compare the perceptions of two groups of nurses, newly-qualified nurses performing their compulsory community service (CCS) and enrolled experienced, regarding factors influencing their performance in hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was carried out among newly-qualified nurses performing their CCS (n=225) and experienced registered nurses (n=290). The participants were randomly selected using the Cochran formula. Data were collected applying the Hersey and Goldsmith (1980) employee performance questionnaire (ACHIEVE model with seven dimensions including Ability, Clarity, Help, Incentive, Evaluation, Validity, and Environment). Data analysis was performed in SPSS (version 23) using descriptive statistics and t-test. Results: the mean scores of Ability, Clarity, Help, and Incentive, Evaluation, Validity, and Environment factors influencing the performance were lower among permanent nurses compared to those of newly-qualified nurses (P-value=0. 001). In addition, the mean of validity domain was lower among newly-qualified nurses compared to that of registered senior nurses (P-value=0. 001). Conclusion: In this study, we evaluated performance of two groups of nurses in seven dimensions. There was a significant difference between two participant groups in terms of all dimensions, meaning that all variables of Ability, Clarity, Help, Incentive, Evaluation, Validity, and Environment scored higher by newly-qualified nurses. Nevertheless, the dimension of validity scored higher by the experienced nurses. It is recommended that managers pay attention to factors influencing performance of newly-qualified and senior nurses and consider them in designing appropriate strategies to improve their performance.

Background and objectives: Hospital costs as part of the in-hospital cash flow are affected by a large number of variables that change over time and interact with each other. This study aimed to provide a model for hospital costs based on the internal behavior of the system in order to control costs. Methods: The research method of the paper is descriptive-analytical. Considering the complex and dynamic nature of the system, a model was designed and presented using the system dynamics approach. Data were collected using interview methods and reviewing past studies. To run the proposed model the computer software (Vensim DSS 6. 4E) was employed. After testing the model, six scenarios were defined based on the presented model and its subsystems (financial flow, patient flow and employed nurses) to reduce costs, which include: reducing the average length of stay, increasing the staff productivity, reducing the intensity of hospital care, reducing clothing consumption, modifying the hospital nutrition process and finally the simultaneous implementation of all the above. This system dynamics model integrates all of these subsystem's effects rather than considering them individually which is the strength of system dynamics modeling. Results: The first scenario, while reducing the total cost by 3. 8%, increased the bed admission ratio by 6. 5%. It should be noted that this scenario increased the hoteling cost by 2%. The second scenario resulted in a 10% reduction in total cost. The third scenario saved 9% of the total cost. The fourth and fifth scenarios reduced costs 1. 5% and 7. 5%, respectively by reducing overhead costs. The results showed that the sixth scenario is the most effective policy. It reduced the total cost and the hoteling cost by 26% and 22%, respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicate that the hospital will face a reduction in cost compared to the current situation by using any of the scenarios but it will see a further reduction with the simultaneous implementation of the scenarios while controlling the cost of hoteling. Based on the results any development in surgery department capacity must be accompanied by a suitable cost control policy.