Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain
Year:2023 | Volume:14 | Issue:2|Papers Count:13

Aim and background: Upper Cross Syndrome is a muscular imbalance complication that occurs in individuals with forward head, kyphosis, and forward shoulder. This postural condition is commonly observed among individuals who work with computers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between upper extremity syndrome and neck pain in students who use computers. Material and Methods: Fifty-six students with neck pain, with a mean age of 15 ±,2. 53 and an average weight of 60. 50 ±,4. 41, were selected as available samples from Amir Kabir and Ghazali Schools in Divandere. A Jain camera and AutoCAD software were utilized to measure forward head posture, a flexible ruler was used to measure kyphosis, and a ruler was used to measure forward shoulder position from the last appendage to the wall. The pain level was assessed using the VAS (Visual Analog Scale). Pearson correlation and regression analyses were performed for statistical analysis, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was conducted to assess data normality. Results: Significant correlations were found between head protrusion and neck pain (p < 0. 003, r =-0. 402), increased kyphosis and neck pain (p < 0. 001, r = 0. 295), and forward shoulder position and neck pain (p < 0. 007, r = 0. 376). The results also indicated a significant relationship between upper extremity syndrome and neck pain (r = 0. 458). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that prolonged periods of being in improper positions, such as sitting behind a computer, can lead to the development of postural abnormalities mentioned above. Therefore, in the training programs for individuals in this population, emphasis should be placed on correcting improper postures of the head, shoulders, and thoracic spine.

Aim and background: Non-specific chronic back pain is the third leading cause of disability in musculoskeletal diseases. The prevalence of this type of back pain is very common among flight attendants, and it has been reported to be caused by standing for long periods of time, performing repetitive tasks, and carrying objects in various ways. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks of resistance exercises with and without motor skill exercises, as well as pain reprocessing therapy, on the pain and psychological factors of flight attendants with non-specific chronic back pain. Material and Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Fifty-two female flight attendants with non-specific chronic back pain were randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group. Pain levels were assessed using the visual analog scale, and the DAS questionnaire was used to assess depression, anxiety, and fear variables. The Tempa questionnaire was used to evaluate fear of movement, the pain catastrophizing scale was used to measure pain catastrophizing, and the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire was used to examine work-related and physical activity-related beliefs. All four groups performed the designated exercises for eight weeks. To assess the endurance of the exercise effects, a re-evaluation was conducted three months after completing the exercises. T-tests were used to analyze intra-group changes, and one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post-hoc test were conducted to analyze inter-group changes. Additionally, repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the interactive effect of time on the group (P≤, 0. 05). Results: The results of the one-way analysis of variance test for inter-group changes indicated that the main effect of time was significant, except for the anxiety variable in the other research variables (P ≤,0. 05). Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that resistance exercises combined with motor skills training and pain reprocessing therapy have a significant impact on reducing pain and improving psychological factors.

Aim and background: Chronic back pain is a prevalent condition for which various management methods, including participation in sports rehabilitation programs, have been proposed to reduce pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of specialized yoga exercises on pain, functional capacity, and range of motion in women with non-specific chronic back pain. Material and Methods: The study included a sample of 50 women with non-specific chronic low back pain in Amol city, selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=25) and a control group (n=25). The research tools used were the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the 6-minute fast walking functional test, and waist flexion range measurement using Kinovea software. These measurements were taken before and 48 hours after the final session of yoga exercises. The experimental group underwent 24 sessions of specialized yoga exercises, each lasting 60 minutes. The study design was a pre-test-post-test with a control group, and the data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis (ANCOA). Results: The results showed that the specialized yoga training program significantly reduced the pain in women with chronic low back pain (p≤,0. 05), improved functional capacity (p ≤,0. 001), and increased back range of motion (p ≤,0. 001). Conclusion: Due to the integration of mental and strengthening exercises, specialized yoga exercises can positively impact psychological factors such as fear of movement and fear of pain, leading to improved back range of motion and functional capacity in patients.

Aim and background: This research aims to investigate the impact of core stability exercises on lumbar lordosis angle, pain, functional disability, and quality of life in nulliparous women. Material and Methods: The study design was semi-experimental. The research sample consisted of 32 nulliparous women who were randomly divided into two groups: a core stability exercise group (n=16) and a control group. Prior to the intervention, pain, lumbar lordosis angle, functional disability, and quality of life were measured using the Quebec back pain questionnaire, flexible ruler, Oswestry functional disability questionnaire, and SF36 health questionnaire, respectively. The core stability exercise group then underwent 8 weeks of training, with three sessions per week lasting 45-60 minutes per session. After completing the intervention, all measurements were repeated in the post-test phase. Two-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group and intra-group comparisons. Results: The results showed that pain, quality of life, and functional disability significantly improved in the core stability exercise group after 8 weeks (P≤, 0. 05). However, there was no significant change in the lumbar lordosis angle in either the control or exercise group (P≥, 0. 05). Conclusion: Core stability exercises, by enhancing lumbo-pelvic-hip stability, can alleviate back pain, improve functional capacity, and enhance quality of life. However, it is advisable to incorporate these exercises along with other corrective exercises to address lumbar lordosis complications in pregnant women.

Aim and background: This study aimed to compare the effects of the Arch-Support insole on the values of Impulse, Vertical Loading Rate, and Free-Moment among handball players with the pronated foot during the jump and landing three-step shot technique. Material and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental and laboratory based. 10 pronated foot and 10 healthy (control group) handball male players were selected as convenience sampling. The test was performed as a pre-test and post-test in two conditions with and without the use of Arch-Support insoles during the jump and landing. Two-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis at the significant level (P<0/05). Results: The inter-group results showed that the vertical loading rate (P=0. 032), impulse (P<0. 001), and maximum free moment (P=0. 013) in two groups, control, and pronated foot during jumping,Also, the vertical loading rate (P=0. 001), impulse (P<0. 001), and maximum free-moment (P=0. 049) in two groups, control, and pronated foot during landing have significant differences. The results of the intra-group test showed that the vertical loading rate (P < 0. 001), impulse (P = 0. 002), and maximum free-moment (P = 0. 027) during jumping,Also, the vertical loading rate (P<0. 001), impulse (P=0. 001), and maximum free-moment (P=0. 043) during landing in the pronated foot group had a significant decrease in the post-test compared to the pre-test group. Conclusion: The use of Arch-Support insoles can prevent possible injuries to the lower limbs by reducing the values of Impulse, Vertical Loading Rate, and Free-Moment.

Aim and background: Chronic Low back pain (LBP) is one of the top 10 diseases that account for the most years of life with disability worldwide. Material and Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a 45-day follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included all women with chronic Low back pain who referred to the hospital and specialized pain clinics in Isfahan city in the summer quarter of 1401. In this research, 30 patients suffering from chronic back pain were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 patients in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes during two months of treatment based on emotional efficiency, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The questionnaires used in this research included pain anxiety, pain acceptance. The experimental group received mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy during 8 90-minute group sessions, but no intervention was performed on the control group. The data was analyzed through SPSS-23 software and with the analysis of variance test with repeated measures. Results: Treatment based on emotional efficiency had a significant effect on reducing pain anxiety symptoms and improving pain acceptance in the post-examination and follow-up stages. Conclusion: Treatment based on emotional efficiency is suggested as an effective treatment in health centers to improve pain acceptance and reduce pain anxiety in women with chronic low back pain.

Aim and background: review and comparison of the effect of therapy method of hipnotherapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy on the psychological distress of patients with chronic pain. Material and Methods: The current research is prospective, practical and experimental. The statistical population was all patients with chronic pain disorder in Tehran in 2019. Sampling was done in a purposive sampling and 60 people (20 people in each group (two experimental groups and one control group)) were selected from patients with chronic pain disorder and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Short-term psychotherapy and hypnotherapy training was provided to the experimental group for 8 sessions,World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires, West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire, Waterloo Stanford Hypnotizability Questionnaire (1993), Dunlow's short-term psychodynamic therapy and Watson's hypnotherapy were used to collect information. Results: Both methods of intervention have led to decrease in the average of the four components of the psychological distress in the post-test and follow-up stages. Also, compared to hypnotherapy, short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy has increased the psychological distress of patients. Conclusion: Both short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy and hypnotherapy decrease the psychological distress in patients with chronic pain, but ShortTerm Dynamic Psychotherapy is more effective compared to hypnotherapy.

Aim and background: MS is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system. This disease causes many mental disorders in patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on life expectancy and pain perception in patients with MS in Mashhad. Material and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and control group design. The statistical population included all patients with MS in Hazrat Qaim (AS) hospital in Mashhad in 2022, among whom 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups, 15 people in each group. became The experimental group received 8 sessions for 60-minute each of acceptance and commitment therapy, and the control group was considered as waiting list. The research tool was Miller's Life Expectancy Questionnaire and McGill's Pain Perception Questionnaire. Research data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis and using SPSS version 21 software. Results: The findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective on life expectancy and pain perception in patients with MS in Mashhad (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be a suitable method for improving the psychological factors of life expectancy and pain perception of patients with MS.

Aim and background: Back pain is a prevalent and significant musculoskeletal issue that affects individuals in various societies. It is a leading cause of general disability. The aim of this review article was to examine the effectiveness of dynamic neuromuscular stability (DNS) exercises in treating non-specific chronic low back pain. Material and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PEDRO) and relevant keywords to identify studies on dynamic neuromuscular stability (DNS) exercises and non-specific chronic low back pain exercises. Abbreviations were also explored within the search databases. Additionally, a manual search of references from identified articles was conducted. Studies investigating the effects of neuromuscular stability exercises were included, and the PEDRO scale was utilized to assess the quality of the selected articles. Results: A total of 35 studies were reviewed, and four studies that met the inclusion criteria (with a PEDRO score higher than 5) were included in the review. The studies exhibited variations in methodology, outcome measures, sample sizes, intervention protocols, and evaluation techniques. However, among individuals with chronic back pain, the performance of neuromuscular stability exercises demonstrated a reduction in pain and improvement in motor function. Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that dynamic central neuromuscular stability exercises, as a specific therapeutic approach, can effectively reduce pain and disability, improve balance, and enhance muscle endurance and range of motion in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.

Aim and background: Low back pain is a syndrome with multifactorial etiology that affects 6. 8% of the world population during life time. Therefore, the aims of this study was to examine the effect of rehabilitation with medicine ball on muscle activity in Patients with low back pain during Walking. Material and Methods: The present study was a clinical trial. The statistical population of the present study included patients with low back pain that randomly divided into two interventional (age: 25. 4±, 2. 5 years, weight: 79. 04±, 3. 06 kg, height: 176. 03±, 7. 04 cm) and control (age: 25. 8±, 2. 09 years, weight: 79. 00±, 3. 01 kg, height: 176. 06±, 7. 01cm) groups. The intervention group performed resistance training with medicine ball and the control group participated in pre-test and post-test only, without any training performance. were recorded muscle activities of the Gastrocnemius lateral (GAS-L), Biceps femoris (BF), Semitendinosus (ST), Vastus medialis (VM), External abdominal (ABD-L), Rectus abdominal (ABD-R) and Erector spinae (ES). Results: The results of the present study showed an increase in the frequency spectrum of the rector femoris muscle during the heel contact and push off in experimental group in post-test compared to the pre-test, and indicated statistically significant difference, Also, the frequency spectrum of the right abdominal muscle in the experimental group has decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test during the pushing phase, and indicated statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Rehabilitation with a medicine ball leads to increase the activity of the quadriceps muscles in low back pain patients, and it seems to be an important factor in decreasing shock absorption during walking.

Aim and background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of polyurethan thermoplastics military boots mileage on lower limb muscle activities during running in people with and without back pain. Material and Methods: The statistical population of the present study consisted of healthy men with low back pain in Ardabil province. A statistical sample of 30 people aged 20-25 years was selected by available sampling and participated in the present study. Statistical samples were divided into two groups. There were 15 patients in the low back pain group and the second group of 15 people as the healthy group. They received two new and used pair of boots. They were made of thermoplastic polyurethane. muscle activities of the right leg were recorded during running. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: Findings showed significant main effect of boot type for rectus femoris (p=0. 037 d=0. 146) during loading phase and gluteus Medius (p=0. 006 d=0. 242) during push-off phase. Findings showed significant main effect of boot-by-group interactions for rectus femoris during mid-stance (P=0. 020,d=0. 161). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the type of boots used can be effective in preventing lower limb injuries and absorbing shock and impact in people with low back pain, on the other hand, the use of new thermoplastic polyurethane operational boots is suggested for people with low back pain. Our findings showed that the observed changes in muscle activity variables are more obvious in second-hand boots. It seems that changing boots after 6 months of heavy wearing is suitable for people.

Aim and background: Acute postoperative pain, especially within the first 24 hours after surgery following the effects of anesthesia drugs, is one of the most significant factors contributing to patient dissatisfaction with their treatment process. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are being studied to reduce and control postoperative pain. One of the proposed interventions in this regard is the prophylactic intravenous injection of vitamin C. This study aims to investigate the effect of a single intravenous dose of vitamin C administered before surgery on pain control within the first 24 hours after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Material and Methods: This study is designed as a clinical trial. Based on this design, 86 randomly selected patients will be divided into two groups: the intervention group, which will receive a single intravenous dose of 1 gram of vitamin C one hour before anesthesia induction, and the control group, which will receive a single intravenous dose of normal saline with the same volume. The pain intensity, nausea, and itching experienced by patients in both groups will be assessed immediately after surgery, 2 hours post-surgery, 6 hours post-surgery, 12 hours post-surgery, and 24 hours post-surgery for comparison. Results: According to the results obtained, there was no statistically significant difference in the pain levels experienced by patients in both the control and intervention groups at any of the examined time intervals. Additionally, the assessed severity of nausea and itching did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups at all time intervals. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, a single prophylactic dose of vitamin C did not have any significant effect on reducing pain in patients within the first 24 hours after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This may be due to the small sample size in each group or other confounding factors. Conducting more extensive studies in this field could provide broader insights.

Aim and background: Hypoglycemia is one of the most important possible side effects of fasting in children who need surgery, and its prevention is very important. This study was conducted in order to investigate and compare the oral administration of 5% dextrose and intravenous infusion of 1. 3, 2. 3 sugar-salt serum on the blood sugar levels of 6-2-year-old children who were candidates for minor surgery under general anesthesia. Material and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 66 children aged 2-6 years who were candidates for minor surgery under general anesthesia at Hazrat Ali Asghar Hospital in Tehran were selected as available and randomly selected in one of the two groups under oral administration of 5% dextrose (intervention group) at the rate of 10 cc/kg 2 hours before the operation or continuous intravenous injection of 1. 3, 2. 3 sugar saline serum (control group) according to the formula 4, 2, 1 direction calculation of the volume of venous fluids were divided while fasting, and their blood sugar levels were measured and compared on two occasions (immediately after induction of anesthesia and then half an hour later). Results: In this study, the average blood sugar immediately after induction of anesthesia was 88. 75 in the group receiving oral dextrose and 85. 77 in the group receiving saline serum, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 554), but the average blood sugar half an hour later after induction of anesthesia was 79. 75 in the group receiving oral dextrose and 64. 84 in the group receiving intravenous sugar-salt serum, which was significantly higher (P=0. 36). Conclusion: based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the oral administration of 5% dextrose has an equivalent role to the intravenous infusion of sugar-saline serum in preventing the occurrence of hypoglycemia in 2-6 year old children who are candidates for surgery. It can be used as a suitable alternative to intravenous serum in children.