Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:7

Background and Objectives: Most studies have shown it as the main factor of most of the accidents in the workplace is employee’ s unsafe behaviors. The aim of this study was to, pathology of unsafe behaviors and investigated their relationship with personality characteristics and locus of control among the personnel of Khuzestan Province Gas Company. Materials and Methods: The sample of study was 147 employees of the executive projects who were selected using stratified random sampling. For pathology of unsafe behaviors was used cross-sectional method that was consisted of investigated accidents and near miss accidents reports. For investigating the correlation was used standard questionnaires, and for analyzing data, was used SPSS 16. Results: The results of the cross-sectional study showed that the highest accidents and near miss accidents are arising from unsafe acts. The findings of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that neuroticism and external locus of control have positive and significant relationship with unsafe behaviors, and extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and internal locus of control have negative and significant relationship with unsafe behaviors (p<0. 01). Stepwise regression analysis showed that respectively neuroticism and internal locus of control are the most important of predictors of unsafe behaviors. Conclusion: Unsafe behaviors are the main factor of most of the accidents, and near miss accidents, and neuroticism is the most influential of predictor of this kind of behaviors. Therefore, it recommends that regularly the causes of occurrence of unsafe behaviors be identified, and needed actions for eliminating or reducing them be done.

Background and Objectives: Dissection laboratories should have effective ventilation always. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ventilation system in a dissection labratory. Materials and Methods: Based on ISO 16000-8 using tracer gas decay method, the effectiveness of a ventilation system operating at 4 different modes including 1)exhaust system is “ on” , 2) supply system is “ on” , 3) both systems are “ on” , and 4 both systems are “ off” in a dissection lab was evaluated. Tracer gas (SF6) was injected into dissection lab and air sampling was conducted in five zones of the lab. The air samples were then transferred to the laboratory and their concentration was determined. Finally, the Local mean age (LMA) and Room mean age of air (RMA) and the rate of local and general exhaust ventilation were calculated. Ethical issues relatet to human bodies was considered in the research protochol. Results: Two-way analysis of variances showed that while the LMA and the local rate of ventilation at different ventilating modes had no significant, the effect of ventilating mode on the RMA and general ventilation rate, was significant (P <0. 001). One-way ANOVA test showed that the exhaust system had the greatest effect on RMA and general ventilation rate of the room. Conclusion: According to the results, the ventilation is more effective when the supply and exhaust systems are “ on” together considering the toxicity of formaldehyde, in addition to the general exhaust ventilation, the implementation of a local exhaust ventilation system for each mortuary desk is recommended.

Background and Objectives: Pedestrians are considered as the most vulnerable road users. In this study, the pattern of global pedestrian deaths was assessed using Latent Growth Model and Latent Growth Mixture Model. Materials and Methods: In this longitudinal study, pedestrian deaths rates data of 195 countries from 1990 to 2015 for men, women and total of them, were extracted from the Global Barden of Disease website. Initially, the overall pedestrian death rate pattern was assessed by LGM and then the GMM was used to explore heterogeneity in the population and categorization the countries based on their pedestrian death rate patterns. All statistical analysis and drawing geographical maps were performed using Mplus 6. 12 and ArcGIS 10. 3, respectively. Results: The nonlinear LGM was better fitted than the linear LGM. The nonlinear LGM results show that the estimated intercept for men, women and total of them was 10. 84, 4. 77 and 7. 83, and the estimated slope was-1. 01,-0. 47 and-0. 75, respectively. According to pedestrian death rate, the LGMM, classify the countries into 5 classes with five different patterns. Conclusion: Generally, the pedestrian deaths rates had a nonlinear decreasing pattern, but this decreasing pattern is different for each country. Therefore, in order to reduce pedestrian fatality rate in the world, different approaches need to be considered for each of five groups.

Background and Objective: One of the important conditions for maintaining skilled manpower is to create a healthy and safe working environment to reduce the negative outcomes of the job and increase the positive outcomes of the skilled workforce of organizations and institutions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of healthy work environment factors on job consequences with the mediation of job satisfaction and job security in Medical Sciences of Shahid Beheshti University. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlation study is a structural equation modeling model. The statistical population of the study was 895 faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Of whom, 225 were selected using stratified random sampling. Morgan table was used to determine the sample size. For data collection, standard questionnaires were used. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the Supervisor and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there is a meaningful relationship between healthy working environment factors and positive outcomes of job, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of the healthy working environment factors and the negative consequences of job, counterproductive behavior, job burnout and intention to leave the job. The highest correlation was found between the relationship between job independence and job performance (r= 0/77). To analyze the data and examining relationships between variables Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling was used. The results show that healthy work environment factor affected on the job positive consequences with mediated by job satisfaction and job security. Also the Healthy work environment factor affected on job negative consequences with mediate the job satisfaction and job security. Conclusion: The results emphasize on necessity of reassessing the mediating role job satisfaction and job security on surveying the causal relation among healthy work environment and its consequences.

Background and Objectives: Falling in the elderly is a serious problem that results in bone fracture and loss of Activities of daily living due to fear of falling. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine effects of Aquatic on balance and preventing of falls among healthy elderly men. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental before/after study without a control group. 22 elderly men with an average age of 64. 31± 2. 87 years volunteered. Functional tests of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for static balance, and Timed Up & Go (TUG) for dynamic balance and Chair Stand Test (CST) for lower extremity strength were measured in pre and post-test. The exercise protocol included a combination of resistance training, stretching and balance exercises that were followed up for 10 weeks, with three sessions per week. At all stages of the research, Ethical considerations (optional, confidentiality of results, harmlessness of the training program, etc. ) were carried out. Paired t-test was used at a significant level of 0. 05. Results: The results of paired t-test showed that 10 weeks exercise in water improves static balance, dynamic balance and muscle strength (P≤ 0. 05) and decreases the risk of falling in the elderly (P≤ 0. 01). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that the exercise program in water improves balance and muscle strength as the most important indicator for preventing the risk of falling of the elderly. And it is suggested that due to good water benefits for Elderly, water resistance exercises will be on the agenda in trainers, experts and activists in the field.

Background and Objectives: The estimation of willingness to pay, using the stated preferences and stated choice methods, is one of the most up-to-date ones for valuing non-market products. To do so, this study, using this technique, examines the willingness to pay of Urumieh drivers to reduce mortality and injury. Materials and Methods: The data of this research were collected using a questionnaire from 300 drivers who travel daily in the city and the results of the study are estimated using the mixed logit model. Data were collected through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. To do this, the purpose of the interview was first explained to the drivers and the interview was conducted after their satisfaction was announced. Furthermore, the authors became committed to keeping the divers’ information in confidence. Results: Willingness to pay for mortality and injury was estimated to be 0. 58 and 0. 80, and the value of death and injury was estimated at 12443636 and 23165 Tomans, respectively. According to the results, the cost of travel, time, number of deaths and injuries, number of cameras and speed limit, are effective for selecting the routes. Conclusion: In order to reduce casualties and injuries, investments in safety improvement should be made. One solution could be assigning these tasks to private companies and to raise competition in these companies on selecting the most economical ones, so that road users, including drivers, contribute to the financing of these projects. And according to the results, it can target well-educated, wealthy, and older people.

Background and Objectives: There is little evidence of strategies for prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. The purpose of this study was to examine a Prophylactic effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation stretching on pain intensity, flexibility and jump in subjects with exercise-induced muscle damage. Materials and Methods: Initially, they were orally informed about the purpose and method of conducting the study, and asked to take part. Forty-two Non-athlete male students were equally divided into intervention and control groups. A Vicon Motion Systems consisting of four T-series cameras (200 Hz) and a Kistler force plates (1000Hz) were used to quantify Kinematics and kinetic variables. Then, a visual analog pain scale, flexibility, Rise of center of gravity, lowest value of center of gravity height, flight time, Power average, Maximum landing force, Peak Take off instantaneous velocity were recorded at baseline and 48 hours after post exercise. Data were analyzed in SPSS-20 using t test with P<0. 05. Results: There were significant differences in flexibility between the control and the intervention groups (P=0. 022). Too, there were significant trend in muscle soreness pain (P=0. 08). There were significant differences observed between before-after in the intervention group for maximum/minimum vertical displacement, Power average, Maximum landing force (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Combining PNF stretching with eccentric exercise can have optimum effect on reduction of flexibility, pain, jumping parameters of subjects with exercise-induced muscle damage.