Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine
Year:2022 | Volume: | Issue: |Papers Count:8

Wounds are common injuries, that promotion of healing, infection control, and reducing the complications of which are an issue in medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the types of wounds and factors affecting their healing from the perspective of Persian medicine compared to conventional medicine, in order to find potential new solutions to control wounds and their complications. This review study was conducted to investigate definition of wounds and their classification based on five original Persian medicine books, including Kā, mil al-Sinā, `a al-Tibbī, ya by Haly Abbas, Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb by Avicenna, Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi by Sayyid Isma'il Jurjani, Tibb-i Akbari by Muhammad Akbar Arzani, and Exir-e Azam by Muhammad Azam Khan Chishti. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant evidence in contemporary medicine and comparison between results was made. According to these results, wounds are divided into seven categories in Persian medicine based on the amount of damage caused to the skin and the process of repairing and treating them is different based on various factors like age, sex, weight and lifestyle. Wounds are categorized based on length, depth, volume and cleanliness in Modern Medicine. According to results of this study results, lifestyle and six essential principles of health from the perspective of Persian medicine can be effective in the wound healing process. The first step in wound management, is diagnosing the category. The healing process can be accelerated with methods of Persian medicine (six principles of health and treatment methods) as a complementary method to Modern Medicine and complications can thereby be reduced.

Background and Purpose: Today, it is possible to use native culture to deal with diseases and improve quality of life. Not much study has been conducted in the field of indigenous pharmacology in the city. This research was conducted to investigate sources of used herbal medicines, local name, part used, relative frequency, and value of use of each species as well as the effect of urbanization criteria, literacy level, gender on the culture of using herbal medicines in Mobarakeh township. Materials and Methods: Using the questionnaire method and sampling of more than one percent of the families of Mobarakeh township (23550), the indicators of frequency of citation of use (FC), use value (UV) and the family use value (FUV) of the used medicinal plants was evaluated. Results: This research showed that 62 species of plants in the traditional medicine of the implementation area (with at least 3 citations of common use mentioned by the interviewees) could be collected. Mint (Mentha spicata) and Borage (Echium amaenum) had the highest reports of consumption. Flixweed (Descurainia sophia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and borage (Echium amaenum) had the highest use value (UV) among the medicinal plants of the region. Boraginaceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae and Labiatae families had the heist values of FUV among the plant families used in the region, in the order given. Conclusion: During the identification of the city's flora, 85% of the plant species used were obtained from wild or cultivated plants in the region. Traditional suppliers played an important role in the prescription and supply of herbal medicines, and due to the inadequate information of residents about the side effects and harms of these medicines, it seems absolutely necessary to increase the level of awareness and monitoring of herbal medicine stores.

The risk of heart attack is increased three folds in hypercholesterolemia compared with normal blood lipids. On the one hand, decreasing cholesterol by 1%, declines the risks associated with coronary arteries by 2. 3%. On the other hand, Anti-hyperlipidemic compounds alone cannot be used as an efficient therapy. However, numerous studies have shown that concurrent use of a healthy diet plan, physical activity (lifestyle), and herbal medicines to control hyperlipidemia can have positive effects in controlling hyperlipidemia. Thus, the first and most essential step to control and improve hypercholesterolemia is to modify lifestyle and observe the principles of health maintenance. Therefore, we decided to explain hypercholesterolemia through the Persian medicine standpoint in order to help prevent and treat hyperlipidemia and its complications. To obtain relevant information, the words hypercholesterolemia, Dohn Ad-dam, hepatic indigestion, visceral fat, fat, phlegm, and Dosoumat were searched in Persian medical sources and databases with several Persian and English keywords. Subsequently, data was categorized into definition, causes, symptoms and prognosis topics. Finally, the concepts of the study were extracted and reported. The results showed that hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia are caused by an imbalance in humors and accumulation of the humors in the spleen (Emtela) with consequent dysfunction of the spleen and liver. In most cases, the imbalance of humors is directly related to the lack of lifestyle management. Therefore, adhering to principles of health maintenance, can prevent many diseases, such as heart disease as one of the complications of hypercholesterolemia, and also help the process of treatment.

Anal pain is as a common clinical complaint, which occurs due to various causes. In Persian Medicine (PM), anal disorders have been explained in detail. The aim of this study is to investigate the viewpoint of PM regarding anal pain in order to achieve new, less complicated and effective treatments for this condition. Accordingly, one of the most important sources of treatments in PM, the book Exir-e Azam, was reviewed. Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and SID were also searched. According to PM, anal pain is sometimes caused by factors in the anus and preanal region, such as hemorrhoid and fissure. Sometimes, it occurs due to causes outside the anus such as “, Rih al-Bavasir”,-a referred pain from the kidneys, and also intestinal ulcers. Moreover, causes of anal pain can be divided into two categories: physical factors such as fissures, and chemical agents such as passing feces containing burning substances through the anus. As a conclusion, categorizing types and causes of anal pain and based on the similarities with findings of Modern Medicine, along with easy, less complicated and diverse medicinal treatments that are found in PM sources such as Exir-e Azam, promise finding potential new treatments.

Badr al-Dī, n Muhammad ibn Bahrā, m ibn Muhammad al-Qalā, nī, si al-Samarqandi was a famous Iranian physician. Despite dispute among scholars, including Leclerc, Brockelmann, Kahhā, la, Zahir al-Baba (the editor of Qalā, nī, si's Qarabadin), lived in the 6th-7th century A. H. based on facts found in his only available book Qarā, bā, dī, n,and literature of descendant physicians who used or quoted his ideas. As he stated, lack of sources with clear manual of preparing and using compound medicines, encouraged al-Qalā, nisī, , to write his book using reputative Greek and Islamic references like works of Galen, Dioscorides, Thā, bit ibn Qurra, Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, Rhazes, Al-Bī, rū, nī, , Avicenna while mentioning them by abbreviations. Following a noteworthy introduction about simple drugs, he has explained how to prepare, preserve and use compound drugs, in forty-nine chapters. The main subject of two last chapters is how to get rid of vermins, and some supernatural or magical uses of simple medicines, with citation of references. Al-Qalā, nī, si has noteworthy innovations in preparation and using compound medicines that individuates his work. His book has recently been translated into Persian but there are some criticisms on it.

Nowadays, drive theory, as a trend in psychology, analyzes the stages of volitional action. Ibn Sina has also theorized about the stages of human volitional action. The question is what the relationship is between these two types of attitudes regarding the motivation of human volitional action, according to the discussions of faculty of appetite (qū, wa š, awqiyya) in Ibn Sina's philosophy and the drive theory. It seems that with the frameworks presented in the drive theories and application of concepts such as the driver mode, goaloriented behavior, achieving the right goal, reducing the driver mode, and relief when reaching the goal, it is possible to extract a theory about the motivation of human voluntary action from Ibn Sina's works. In this regard, by referring to Ibn Sina's works, we have extracted the components of his view on the faculty of appetite (qū, wa nuzū,iyya š, awqiyya) and analyzed the related texts. After that, according to the new views on motivation, especially the drive theory, the desired concepts were extracted to reconstruct of Avicenna's view. Examining the literature led the writers to the point of view that in Ibn Sina's works, the process of motivating human volitional action is discussed. This process includes components such as imagining the act, creation of excitement, will, doing the act, and finally tranquility after doing the act. By comparing this mechanism and the theory of driving psychologists, we reach a similar pattern between these two theories. In other words, according to the comparative study between the drive theory and Ibn Sina's theory of willful motive faculties, it is possible to reach a similar structure for the stimulus of human volitional action in these two theories.