HONAR-SU
Year:2011 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

The result of researches on the social and civic relationships in ancient Iran-as a case, among the historic Oriental countries-shows the origins of the most creative processes concerning the forms and concepts which result brilliant for their new aspects, creating a case of modernity.The historical and semantic nature of the term modern, result to be well coherent and in harmony with what we have found in our studies concerning the modernity-up to Argan and Habermas.Following the scial and cultural researches concerning the theoretical studies, especially in those periods of most organized urban life in the 19th and 20th centuries, demonstrate the continuity of the presence of modernity as an obligatory way-both in the logical and transcendental thoughts, engaged in the production of forms and conceptsactive in any kind of alive mass medium.

People behaviors in civic environment are determining for cultural indexes in every city, So preceding to quality of these behaviors is finding the problems which are faced to, in our cities Nowadays.In the other hand, what ever that cause a good culture and learn educational for citizen in wanted or unwanted of their behavior in the city.Today's known environments have formed nature compare to past but type of Activity and people behaviors have changed, as the population in our cities have changed and caused large emigration of uncivil behavior to big cities.In this article, there was a comparison between behavior in civic environment in past and what ever that happen nowadays, which produce the behavior in particular time It has been proved that problems of today's behaviors will be examined according to the structure change of society's needs.

Cities as an complex systems through the environment (even artificial or natural living) has an intelligence behaviors. From system theory point of view until they remain in deterministic mode the classical-deterministic plantings could deal with them. But when they shift to the chaotic mode their behavior would be unpredictable and out of classical planning frame work (deterministic planning); although in some period of time they seem to have deterministic behavior. This is the cause of sensitivity of chaotic systems to initial conditions. So this paper tries to propose the minimum approaches in planning in which the probability of chaotic mode would be determines as a main catastrophic event with respect to this content that from system theory vision complication is not equal or ending to complexity.

Architectural training, always and in nowadaysalthough as unripe mode- is an endeavor to answer the original humanity need- as the presence in residential environment-which mostly effected by knowing fundamental appropriate human living mode. Understanding of architect’s role about their responsibility of way of thinking and understanding about life and their fullness and tendency to appropriate and favorite life, which can effect directly living way of people as mediate one in this signs, is the obligation of architectural schools. Nowadays suppose is that the intention of architectural schools based on this type of training and the postgraduate architects know this most appropriate mode of living and as the teachers carry on them to their students and by this way the essence of training and learning continues.So, this question appears that how this issue will be possible.The circumstance of each work show itself in the process of that work. Each original process investigates its route from a question. In public view, question means the intents for knowing unknown issue in contrast of known. But, this fundamental fact has forgotten that the subject of question, as seems to be, is not unknown or unfamiliar. Rather as putted in heart, has been familiar and known as how human ask about one issue then get threaten too. Therefore, question is investigation in perception route to find out the relation between human and other creatures with the basic origin and attention to this point in this way is necessary that we only ask about that things which demand asking, because the emergences has the ability to cover themselves in order to not asked.So, finding the origin question is the fundamental level of each training process and obviously clears that finding the appropriate situation of each question and its answer will be possible in time long period and in this way the establishment and value of learning define.The suppose of this expressing is based on that the route of architectural training starts with question defining and try to show that this question consider three approaches of how, what and why issue. The answer based on these three approaches is finding in first level, is the origin which situated in undetermined issues limitation and then provides the evaluation criteria of sign in design process. Architecture is not only problem solving but also in first level is a question, finding the origin of problem as it is and this is the way of thinking that should be learned.

During the history we see various definition of architecture which has come from human attitudes and the change in economical, social and ecological paradigm in all time.Even every time we face with different paradigm of aesthetic in this field.Technology and human knowledge Development affect architecture. One of the most important reasons for fundamental changes in design and definition of architecture is Descartes philosophical idea.He is the famous philosopher in 16-17 century who said “I think therefore I am” This sentence modifies fundamentals of architecture. In addition, segregation between feeling and thinking occurred.Consequently world view of architecture.Become important for creating architecture and every artistic work. Subsequently some architects have tried to cover the gap between Feeling and thinking. And again gather them together as a whole. So we see many attempts in architecture school in this way.This paper, at the beginning speaks about approaches of thinking and worldview of architecture schools and architects from Vitruvius up to now. After Vitruvius as an architect with holistic thinking in design Process, this paper present Bauhaus as the first school of architecture after Renaissance which has holistic attitude to architecture.Then ecological crisis and Literature of sustainability, sustainable design and education of sustainability in 20 century are reconsidered.All and all, this paper tries to introduce sustainable development in 21 century as a worldview instead of a technical implementation. In addition tries to declare sustainable worldview as a holistic approach of thinking and designing. Also of sustainability to sum up many various skill and knowledge, teaching sustainable design maybe less about adding content to the curriculum and more about adjusting and clarifying the process. Then because of rigid structure of education system in our architecture school, the process which is mentioned couldn’t be achieved. As a result, this paper proposes a flexible system for teaching architecture in school that could handle needs of teaching sustainability theme.

Iran is located on seismic hazardous zonings which are very or relatively dangerous.Developed country experiences show that architects promotion in seismic design especially in process of design and construction decrease building seismic vulnerability. Architecture education in university and training professionals are two main parts which architecture could gain necessary skills for seismic design. In 1985, extraordinary earthquake occurred in Mexico City. This hazardous event was followed by professional critical reaction. Consequently some courses related to earthquake have been added to architecture curriculum by mistake. Extreme weakness in Educational strategy in architecture school is the cause of insufficient seismic knowledge of architects in Iran. Comparative research on seismic design education between Iran and New Zealand architecture school express these problems in Iran architecture school: 1‐ Insufficient hours and courses related to seismic design 2‐ Not using modern ways of teaching and learning 3‐ Lack of instruments and resource for architecture students 4‐ Lack of teachers up to date knowledge Furthermore, comparing continues professional education has done in Iran, shows the lack of architecture education after graduation in professional community. This weakness in seismic design professional training increase building vulnerability.All and All, in order to overcome the present problems, we must review architecture education strategies, promote faculties, develop necessary equipments and hold common workshops, seminars and congresses between universities and professional centers.

In the filed art, experience could sometimes lead to creativity. To be creative, before anything one should learn and experience on the basis of that learning. Also, we need materials, equipments & tools in order to express our feelings and thoughts in different methods of arts. For that matter, methods of printmaking could be attractive and suitable as an experience in expression of artists' minds.In regard to printmaking, some may think that why should we bother ourselves to create an image indirectly. Another question on the same subject could be: what are the differences between printmaking and other illustration methods? Providing a response to these questions is the purpose of this paper.Understanding of materials & tools and realization of their utilizations, together with creativity, gives birth to a unique artwork. It is in this context that a group of artists have utilized printmaking not only for repetition and duplication but also as an art method to express their thoughts in an innovative way.

The Arts Related to Bookbinding and Book Jacket are as old as corpus collection.Book Binding, Book Jacket and book Cover Illustration are one of the Out sanding Arts which differentiate Iranian’s Arts From those of other countries.Making Book Jacket was separated from the other Arts. These Book’s Jacket Protected papers, Sheets and Folio from Natural Damages.These books Cover were turned into symbols for introducing the concepts of Books.So Artists who made Jacket and covered Books used many Iranian arts and Symbols on such covers as Tazhib, Tasheer, Monabbat, Zirlaki, etc.During Centuries these arts were changed to Master Pieces by Distinguished Artists.Today the customs and traditional of these Arts Potential to be Investigated.The Aim of the Article is to introduce the Chronology and Development of Book, Bookbinding, Book cover and Making Book Jacket.