QUANTITATIVE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCHES
Year:2016 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:12

Introduction The effects of climate change in the Quaternary period, especially in glacial periods of Iran, is less-known and under- studied. Although there have been some studies on some quaternary glaciers in Iran such as Alborz, but no study has to date investigated the East and North East regions of Iran in this regard. Binalud altitudes in the Northeast of Iran are amongst the regions which have the potential for the creation of glaciers and glacial conditions due to an altitude of more than 3000 meters and being located in the pathway of cold Siberian currents, especially in the cold periods of the year.Materials and methods The aim of this study is to identify glacial evidence and determine the permanent snow line of the last Quaternary period in Binalud heights. At first, the border area was determined using 1: 50000 topographic maps. In order to create the current isorain and isothermal maps of the region, the temperature and precipitation data of the stations of Mashhad, Nishaboor, Torogh, Akhlamad, Chenaran, Shandiz, Torqabeh, Kang, Golmakan, Arsalan, Ami Abad, Soltan abad and Chakaneh were used. With the help of this data and the digital elevation model of the area and according to the correlation between elements of temperature, rainfall and altitude, the current isorain and isothermal maps were drawn in the Arc GIS software...

Rivers are completely dynamic and active systems. In this study, we have investigated the effects of gravel mining on river morphology in Dehbala River of Kerman. First, basic researches including physiographic, geological, meteorological, erosion and sediment studies were conducted, then morphology of Dehbala River was studied using time- location comparison method. River bed was digitized by ILWIS software, in three periods of time, using the aerial photos of 1989, 1999 and satellite image of 2006 from river bed, and then geometrical parameters of river such as wavelength, the coefficient of curvature, relative radius and central angle was computed by AutoCAD software to evaluate changes, using fitting circles tangent method. According to the situation of gravel mines, the drainage path was divided into 4 pieces and then these parameters and changes were compared along the river. Changes in central angel demonstrate increased meandering from 1989 to 2006. According to the coefficient of curvature index, curvature of river was increased in this period. Increase in wavelength and length of valley of the river show increase in maneuverability of the river. Decrease in central angle of the river from 1989 to 2006, demonstrates increased instability of the river and subsequently development of lateral erosion. Width of bed shows the most changes in comparison with the other parameters. Piece 2 shows more changes in width of bed, which can be caused due to locate gravel mines in this piece and subsequently direct derivation. Finally, morphological changes of river was few and probably due to presence of large amounts of sand and gravel, the effects of gravel mining were short-term, but because of decreasing trend of rainfall and consequently decrease in bed load, more caution in gravel and sand mining is required…

Monitoring the various features of coastal areas, including changes in the coastline, one of the main factors for the efficient use of natural resources and their sustainable management. To this end, new approaches such as the use of satellite data and image processing techniques, could be an ideal method, because it saves on time, money and other resources. Coastal geomorphology is the study of the dynamic interface between the ocean and the land, incorporating both thephysical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, geology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast. It involves an understanding of coastal weathering processes, particularly wave action, sediment movement and weather, and also the ways in which humans interact with the coast. The main physical Weathering process on beaches is salt-crystal growth. Wind carries salt spray onto rocks, where it is absorbed into small pores and cracks within the rocks. There the water evaporates and the salt crystallises, creating pressure and often breaking down the rock. In some beaches calcium carbonate is able to bind together other sediments to form beachrock and in warmer areas dunerock. Wind erosion is also a form of erosion, dust and sand is carried caround in the air and slowly erodes rock, this happens in a similar way in the sea were the salt and sand is washed up onto the rocks…

Introduction: The study of the past morphological changes in floodplain unconfined reaches and the relationship with the natural and human-induced controlling factors is widely recognized as a useful tool to define the evolutionary trend in order to plan correct river management or sustainable river restoration. Morphological evolution involves bed level fluctuations, as a consequence of incision and aggrading, as well as plan form changes, concerning channel width, position and pattern. Following appreciable variations of boundary conditions, due to either natural (e.g. climate change) or anthropogenic (e.g.water extraction, damming or sediment mining) causes, rivers may experience long-term morphological evolution, which will eventually affect large portions of their watersheds Karoun is the biggest river of Iran which is emanate from the Zagros mountain and empties into the Persian Gulf. During the past two decades, numerous sedimentary islands have been made in Karoun river bed within Ahvaz city that caused the river ecosystem faced with various issues and has created some changes for Ahvaz city. This study examines geomorphological changes of the river and also the reason of creation and development sedimentary islands within the city...

Introduction: Mass movement is as relocation large amounts of masses of soil, stone or a combination of them down the hillside is, in effect of force gravity. In the process and how to mass movements in hillside are presented multiple classifications. Carson and Corby, mass movements materials on hillside have divided to three floors slip, flow and creep (Moghimi et al., 2008). Since predict the time and location of the landslides are out of the current human knowledge. Therefore, for expressing sensitivity slope to landslide hazard zonation is in different areas (Shadfar et al., 2007). Of the most common of natural hazards at Sahand mountainous masses are a landslide. However, despite such abundance, exhaustive research has been done in this case. In these mountains, are harsh climatic conditions and context's sovereignty of materials susceptible to landslide such as pyroclastic materials and old alluviums is considered of landslide prone areas of the country. Azarshahr Chay basin as one of the drainage basins of Sahand mountain due to steep hillside's soil and surface materials not consolidate the lack of full-scope protection by vegetation and being active different processes over the years, feet walls of valleys cut by the waters flowing and in recent decade's manipulation human, the environment one of the area's susceptible mass movements (Bayati khatibi, 2011)...

Introduction: Nearly two-thirds the area of the country is desert. Playa or holes as well as units from the desert area of Iran occupy substantially and Due to their economic and ecological potential and requires careful and thoughtful be evaluated. Meyghan is a playa. Playa undeniable importance of studying in Iran. The other side is located near the city Meyghan and geomorphological undeniable impact on the city and other nearby towns led to this research, studied watersheds. Overall, in this study, the landforms are identified. The active processes are assessed to identify areas Morphogenetic and morph tectonic. In the next stage due to a bug off and heritage areas Morphogenetic climate in the climate of the last glacial period, these territories will be determined in the past. Finally, based on changes in landforms checked. According to a survey by researcher of research on these topics in our country is very small compared with the world…

Introduction: advanced remote sensing has been used in the past few decades in geology, mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. In the initial stages of remote-sensing technology development in the 1970s, geological mapping and mineral exploration were the commonest applications. Both multispectral and hyperspectral datasets can be used for mapping the alteration zones. alteration zones are commonly associated with certain minerals, such as propylitic assemblage (chlorite, epidote, and calcite), argillic minerals (kaolinite, dickite, montmo- rillonite), phyllic alteration minerals (sericite, illite), and advanced argillic minerals (alunite, pyrophyllite). Many studies reported the importance of remote sensing for mapping alteration minerals with ASTER data through image processing techniques, such as band rationing, principal component analysis (PCA), linear spectral unmixing (LSU), matched filtering (MF), mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF), and constrained energy minimization (CEM). Most of these studies determined hydrothermally altered minerals at regional scale through per pixel analysis with little attention to subpixel analyses. However, an image pixel is often a mixture of the energy reflected or emitted from different materials that cannot be detected by per pixel classification algorithms. Rare publications are available for mapping alteration minerals using subpixel algorithms. Landsat 8 data can detect the altered rocks and ferrous minerals throw the OLI (Operational Land Imager) part of the image due to the absorption and reflectance characteristics of these rocks which appear in this range…

Introduction: Present Landform has been affected by climate conditions duration the time, and also the characteristics of sequence and periodicity of the condition. Thus, using the landforms, we can reconstruct climate condition and its changes. Geomorphological glacier relicts are one the most terraces that show the changes of climate in the past. Nevertheless, Central of Iran has located in a dry region at the moment, especially central of Iran, but there are some specified landforms in the region that represent spreading the glacier in the center of Iran in Pleistocene. These includes abrasive and depositional relicts. The goal of the study is the investigating of present landforms in the central of Iran-Kazab Basin in the west of Yazd City- to know processes that have created them in the past, especially the landforms that have created by glaciers. Kazab basin has located in the south-west of Yazd city in the west slopes of Shirkuh Mountain along 31° 53’ to 32’ 7° of northen latitudes and 53° ‘52 42" to 54° 7 of eastern longitudes...

Automatic analysis of morphometric of topography is one of the new sections and unprecedented internal studies. Due to this fact, the validation of this type of studies are also similarly important to their assigned position. Hereof, the leading research, analysis of the topography position index (TPI) automatically in two regions of Sanandaj- Sirjan zone and broken Zagros zone to achieve most correct results, were studied. In this study, according to verify and adaptation with condition of observations was used of Dickson & Beier within through of the other methods. After preparing of TPI layer with separation to 4 classes (ridgetop, steep slope, flat-gentle slope and canyon bottom) approach by Dickson & Beier from DEM layer with a resolution of 10 m of the total Sahneh township in Kermanshah province, in the next step typically from two parts of the geomorphologic Zagros region selected two part with dimensions of 6.07 × 6.07 km. In the final part of the project as well as the results of the topographic position index with respect to satellite images and field visits. The results represent the perfect match the values of the TPI=1, with valleys and Canyon (Exist of Drainage Network), TPI=2, with the residential part of the crop, and the slope gentle, TPI=3, fitted with steep slopes and sparse vegetation and TPI=4, with ridgetop. In two parts areas of steep slope has been included maximum area parts of the both regions (pilot) and then the landforms of slope gentle and the ridgetop and finally also canyon bottom as well as the minimum area...

Introduction: Mass movements and landslides are considered the most destructive natural hazards. The study predicts landslide location using conditional probability theory (Bayesian theorem), on the southern edge of the Ahar drainage basin (From Nasirabad to Sattar Khan dam),, on the landslide occurred in the past by the object-oriented approach extracting and identifying been conducted. Using Bayesian probability theory correlation between parameters and landslide areas (two-thirds of landslide areas) to determine the weight of all categories of parameters were obtained. According to the map obtained by any of the parameters weight class, class of high silt old alluvial terraces are in layers, average pasture land in between classes, directions north and northwest, steep grade 5-25 the distance of 270-125 meters from the river greatest impact on weight and landslides in the area. The accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps using a third (12 points slip) landslide areas were evaluated. The result showed that the model with the predictability and kappa coefficient 0.93 and 0.945 percent of high and very high risk of landslides in class acceptable accuracy in evaluating and landslide susceptibility mapping…