Journal of Reproduction & Infertility
Year:2000 | Volume:1 | Issue:2 (2)|Papers Count:8

Introduction: When mammalian spermatozoa first enter the epididymis from testis they display little or no progressive motility. On transit along the epididymis, spermatozoa gradually acquire the potential for full progressive motility. This process which begins after sperm leave the testis is called sperm maturation and requires specific factors from the epididymal epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of computer-assisted sperm analysis for the objective determination of rat sperm motility. Having validated this system, it would be used to assess in vitro and in vivo sperm maturation.Material and methods: Sperm samples from various regions of the epididymis and ejaculates were prepared. Primary cultures of the epithelium from the rat epididymis were established. A novel computer-aided sperm analysis was used to analyze and characterize the motility of the rat spermatozoa during in vitro and in vivo maturation. Sperm motility analysis also examined during co-culture. Image analyses of sperm movement from video recording tapes were also examined.Results: This study used a novel CASA system and image analysis to monitor the changes in motility as spermatozoa undergo maturation in the rat epididymis, during ejaculation and during co-incubation with epididymal epithelial cultures and medium preparations. It is interesting to note that changes in epididymal sperm motility were occurred in vivo and in vitro. The co-incubation of immature rat spermatozoa from the caput epididymis with epithelial cultures led to significant changes in progressive sperm motility parameters associated with maturation.Conclusion: This study indicates the CASA and other image analysis techniques were able to characterize in detail the objective determination and changes in motility parameters of rat spermatozoa. Validation of this system provides the best facility to assess rat sperm maturation in vitro.

Abortion is one of the prevalent complication in pregnancy and this definition is cerifined to the termination of pregnancy for many reason before 20 week’s gestation based upon the data of the first day of the last noromal mens if this processes happens three or more it will be referred to recurrent miscarriege one of the machanisms responsible for abortion is infection and this problem is more important in spontaneous abortion. In this situation, many infections factors are interfering. Most of them are effective only spontaneous abortion but their role on recurrent abortion aren’t demonstrated one of the most infection disease during pregnancy is Torch Syndrome that leads Pregnancy to Spontaneous abortion. Despite unrepeatedly syndrome but in many cases unfortunately doing Torch lab exam is the first request Now days many studies that support the role of Mycoplasma hominis, Urea plasma Urealyticum , Chlamydia trachematis and Syplise with less Importance have affection on spontaneous abortion also many studies have been showed that CMV is left in body and can be isolated from urine, Saliva, and the other liquid. Because there is no treatment in subsequent pregnancy with its tratogenic affect can Resulting Recurrent abortion.There are many different diagnostic Methods including microorganism culture, Serological lab with ELISA, PCR etc that it seems PCR is more accurate.So after diagnose the cause of infection patient should be treated completely before Renewed pregnancy. It should be noticed that with the exception of viruses most of microorganisms reply to medical treatment.

Introduction: Progesterone is one of the important hormones in preparation of uterine endometrium for implantation of the fertilized ovum, and hypo secretion of this hormone can cause infertility and abnormalities in menstruation cycle of the women. With rising Assisted Reproduction comparative Treatment (ART), the number of patients with his abnormality and consequently their need to use external progesterone has increased. Since progesterone exists in different forms, the research is focused upon comparing the natural oil soluble progesterone with other types which are used as vaginal or rectal suppository.Material & Method: A prospective study with randomized clinical trial was done on the patients who were being treated in ART cycles in which super ovulation using GnRH-a+hMG was done during 1996 in Royan Institute. Over this period of time, 185 cases of embryo transfusion was performed from which 88 patients (the first group) were randomly treated with progesterone suppository, and 97 (the second group) were treated with progesterone injection.Results: Incidence of pregnancy in the first group was 22 (25%) and in the second group was 25 (25.8%), which statistically indicates no significant difference (p=0.90). In these patients progesterone level of the blood serum was measured five and seven days after hCG injection. The average progesterone level in blood serum of the first group was 52.72 ng/ml and of the second group was 49.29 ng/ml, which statistically indicated no significant difference (p=0.764).Conclusion: These findings suggest that the effect of different forms of this progestin drug on promoting secretory phase of endomertium and thus preparing uterus for implantation of the embryo is the same. Therefore, the choice of type drug should be based on the patient's condition and their own preference.

Introduction: The importance of extra cellular matrix (ECM) in development and function of different cells has been reported but little is known about its role in human endometrial epithelial cells. We have examined effects of artificial ECM (Matrigel) on the function of human endometrial epithelial cells using molecular techniques.Materials and methods: Endometrial samples were removed, with informed patient consent and Ethics Committee approval, from 17 previously fertile women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. The tissue was dissociated and centrifuged to provide an epithelial rich suspension which was cultured either on plastic or seeded into Matrigel to produce polarized cells and then supplemented with or without progesterone (10-6 M). The amount of nucleic acid content of the cells in both in vitro model systems was examined by DNA, RNA extraction methods. The DNA and RNA content were later measured by spectrophotometer.Results: The amount of total RNA in cells grown on Matrigel (23±1.5 pg/cell) was more than double that in cells grown on plastic (9.1±1.4 pg/cell). Cells cultured on both in vitro model systems had RNA induced by steroid hormones, but the extent of induction was greater in cells grown on ECM than those on plastic. Cells cultured on ECM were differentiated and became polarized but cells grown on plastic proliferated until full Confluency.Conclusion: These results suggest that ECM plays an important role in gene expression, polarization and differentiation of human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro.

Specific immunity decrease in pregnancy, but nonspecific does not increase. The decreasing of specific immunity more takes place in primary stage of pregnancy while it will be normal at the end stage. These changes do not clear in nonspecific immunity (such as phagocytosis). The studies consist of 45 samples (45 pregnant individuals: 15 in first, 15 in second and 15 in third trimester) and 20 control (nonpregnant individuals). The power of neutrophils in killing of pathogens, producing oxidant materials and light emission measured by a luminometer(chemiluminescence technique). Opsonised yeast stimulated the neutrophils.Results: Phagocytosis increase in first and second trimester, but does not increased in third trimester (p<0.05).

In this review article, the research conducted on the social and psychological aspects of infertility have been divided into two groups: The first group of studies believes that infertility may have psychological causes (such as differences in personality and experiencing stress between infertile and non-infertile people). The second group of studies examines the psychological Consequences by both qualitative and quantitative methods. In general, the qualitative studies describe infertility as a devastating experience, especially for women. The qualitative studies try to measure the psychological consequences hypothesis by standard tests. The studies have shown that infertile subjects are different from non-infertile subjects with respect to psychological distress, stress, depression, self-steem, marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. However, in the quantitative studies compared to qualitative studies, there is more inconsistency in the literature. This may be due to both methodological problems (such as sampling, temporal dimension, control groups and cross-cultural variation) and theoretical (conceptual) problems. In the end, gender differences in infertility experience have been discussed and the review articles show that, in addition to psychological factors, we need to pay more attention to social and psychological aspects of infertility.

This study carried out to investigate the reversible effect of cimetidine on: Sperm count and Sperm motility in male rat. 80 mature male Charles River rats (285 - 315 gr) divided in to 8 groups: blank (G1), received no treatment at all, control, received 100 mg/kg/day normal saline IP for 5 weeks (G2).The other six groups received 100 mg/kg/day cimetidine IP for 1 Week (G3), 2 weeks (G4), 3 weeks (G5), 4 weeks (G6), 5 weeks (G7) 6 weeks (G8). However G8 during the last sixth week received no treatment. When the animal was anesthetized sperm samples taken from vasdeferens to investigate its motility and counts.Results revealed that sperm count decreased in the test compare to control and blank groups and nonmotile sperm increased in test (G3- G7) compare to control groups. However in G8 which sperm count and motility were analyzed one week after termination of cimetidine injection there were no significant differences in this parameter between controls and test. So the effect of cimetidine on sperm count and motility is reversible. We concluded that the reduction in sperm count and motility may be due to the direct effect of cimetidine on seminiferus tubules, which is reversible.