JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND CARE
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Background and Aim: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with positive and negative symptoms in its prognosis. Exercise-based interventions as an effective non-therapeutic approach play a very important role in the rehabilitation and management of these patients due to their mental and physical effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise training in improving the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients admitted to the center of treatment and rehabilitation.Methods: This interventional study was a pretest-posttest design. Samples included 24 male schizophrenic patients admitted to Darlashfah Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in Ardabil. They were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in aerobic exercise training for 12 sessions of 45 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect the data was used the scale of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients (SAPS) and data were analyzed by Chi square and covariance analysis in SPSSv16.Results: The results indicated that the mean of positive symptoms 11.54 and nagative symptoms 11.55 Have dropped In the intervention group Compared to the mean of positive symptoms, 17.72 and negative symptoms 23.22 in control groups in the post-test respectively. Aerobic exercise therapy had a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in decreasing the positive symptoms (FF=5.54, p=0.031, and negative F=9.17, p =0.007). In addition, the Eta coefficient for positive and negative symptoms was 0.22 and 0.33, respectively, meaning that aerobic exercise intervention was able to explain 22% of changes in positive symptoms and 33% of changes in negative symptoms.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training in daily schedules of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia can improve positive and negative symptoms and decrease overall hallucinations and delusions of the patients and prevent the many problems and related consequences.

Background and aim: Physiotherapists often use general quadriceps strengthening methods for improving pain and function in chronic patellofemoral pain patients. Because chronic patellofemoral pain is mainly caused by atrophy of medial quadriceps, it seems that preferential strengthening of this muscle part, if possible, can lead to positive clinical results. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of general quadriceps strengthening and preferential strengthening of the medial quadriceps on pain, functional ability and static balance in patients with chronic patellofemoral pain.Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, 60 females with chronic patellofemoral pain were randomly selected and were divided to 3 groups. general quadriceps strengthening group were participated in general quadriceps strengthening exercises as 2 days a week and every day 3 exercises, and preferential strengthening group were participated in preferential strengthening exercises of the medial quadriceps as 3 days a week and every day 3 exercises, both for 8 weak. Assessment of pain, functional ability and static balance were respectively measured by Visual Analogue Scale and WOMAC scale, and Sharpend Romberg test, before and after 8 weeks. Data were analyzed at SPSS V.21 by repeated measures analysis of variance, and paired t tests at significance level of 0.05.Results: Both training methods were induced to decrease in rest pain (p<0.001), activity pain (p<0.01), and improvement in functional ability (p<0.01). However, percent of activity pain (p<0.05) and functional ability (p<0.001) improvement were significantly more in preferential strengthening group than in general strengthening group. Also, static balance, in preferential strengthening group significantly increased compared to general strengthening and control groups (p<0.01). But, no significant difference was observed between general quadriceps strengthening and control groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: Contrary to common therapeutic approaches in rehabilitation centers, selective strengthening exercises to strengthen total quadriceps muscle group is strongly recommended for improving pain, functional ability and static balance of patients with chronic patellofemoral pain.

Background and aim: Addiction is a multifaceted problem and is influenced by numerous personal and interpersonal factors. Sexual function is one of the important activities which influenced in people with addiction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between sexual dysfunction and marital Burnout in opium dependent males.Methods: A correlational design with path analysis approach was used to conduct this study. Statistical population was included all opium dependent males referring to addiction treatment centers of Tehran city in 2016. Of whom, 215 persons were selected by randomized cluster sampling method. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire, International Index of Erectile Function and Marital Burnout questionnaire were used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data in SPSS (ver.21).Results: Although sexual function had no direct effect on marital Burnout (b=0.006, p>0.89) but it indirectly affected marital burnout by lowering the self-esteem (b=0.102, p>0.001).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, self-esteem plays an important mediating role in the relationship between sexual function and marital Burnout. Therefore, a special attention is needed for the role of self-esteem in medical interventions and family therapy or counseling.

Background and aim: Because of immature body systems and small body size of neonates, the neonatal nursing care should be provided with great sensitivity. Neonates' skin is particularly immature and susceptible to injuries and can be easily damaged during care, monitoring and manipulating. This study aimed to assess the conformity of neonatal skin care with the standards of nursing care in the neonatal intensive care units of the selected hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Methods: In this descriptive study, 410 nursing care of neonates' skin in NICUs of the selected hospitals of Imam Hossein, Mofid and Mahdieh were observed and recorded. Time and event sampling strategies were used to select the care units. The data were collected through observations by using a researcher-made checklist. The checklist was developed according to literature and existing standards about the neonatal skin care. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics in SPSS v.16.Results: Conformity rate of neonates' skin cares with the standards in neonatal intensive care units was estimated as 76.1% and quality of nursing cares was relatively acceptable. The highest agreement with the standard (above 90%) belonged in cares of not using of powder in diaper, proper use of electrodes on the baby's skin, proper use of disinfectants such as betadine on the baby's skin, proper replacement of diapers and securing of IV-line with transparent dressing. Finally, the least adherence with the standard was the documentation of care and evaluation.Conclusion: The findings showed that the neonatal skin cares provided in the study settings have a satisfactory conformity with the standards of nursing care. Nonetheless, there is still a gap between the services and the standards. It seems nursing managers and administrators need to pay closer attention to neonatal intensive care facilities and equipments, staff development, and continuous supervision of staffs' performance until neonatal skin care completely conformity with the standards of nursing care.

Background and aim: According to the important role of youth people in the society, assessment of their health and self-care needs is central for future planning. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and prioritize youth's health needs and self-care capabilities in some selected provinces of Iran.Methods: This survey was conducted among 6640 young people, aged 18 to 29 years whom selected through cluster sampling method from 5 provinces of Khorasan-Razavi, Tehran, Khuzestan, Kermanshah and Gilan in Iran. Youth's information was collected by the questionnaires of Health Status (HS) and Self-care Capabilities (SCC). To analyze the data SPSSv.18 was used. All descriptive statistics were reported as mean and standard deviation (SD). In doing statistical tests, p-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant.Results: Based on the average score, three main needs, of the young people were including of the need to be trained regarding life skills (9.7±3.52), social health (9.2±4) and Choice of spouse skills (9.1±3.7). Need for Periodic checkups was the first priority need in the domain of health service needs (2.6±0.61). Youth's priorities for health promotion were counseling need for marriage (5.2±1.99) and social communication skills (5±1.92). Radio, television and family were reported as the main methods in training the youth.Conclusion: Development of programs to meet the youth's fundamental requirements accordance with their educational needs priorities is necessary. Expanding advisory services to improve youth health skills is proposed as well.

Background and aim: Endotracheal suctioning is one of the nursing cares in order to keep open the endotracheal tube which may lead to secondary complications. Type of suctioning may affect the patients' vital signs. This study was done with the aim of comparing the effect of open and closed suctioning on vital signs of patients with head trauma.Methods: This Single blind crossover clinical trial study was performed on 88 head trauma patients who underwent mechanical ventilation hospitalized in surgical intensive care units of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2015-16. Open and closed suction with random allocation for each of patients in both groups, and changes in vital signs (Heart rate, Respiratory rate and Mean Arterial Pressure) at intervals before, during, immediately after, five, ten and fifteen minutes were measured. Data analyzed with Paired T-test, repeated measure ANOVA and Exact Fisher by using SPSS-22.Results: Average age of the study sample was 29±90 year. Most of the patients were males (n=60, 68%) and the majority of them had been admitted after motor vehicle accidents (75%). The differences of heart rate, respiratory rate was statistically significant in before, during and immediately after open suctioning, but differences in mean arterial pressure was greater in the group received closed suctioning.Conclusion: Changes on Heart rate and respiratory rate in open suctioning were more than closed. Therefore, the use of closed suctioning is recommended due to being more confident.

Background and aim: Study of internet addiction in Iran is a new move. Therefore, studying and determining its predictive psychological factors is essential. The current research aimed to study the role of some factors in explanation of internet addiction including cognitive failure, innovation and risk-taking.Methods: The design of the study was correlational and descriptive. From all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in educational year of 2012-13, 321individuals (177 female and 144 males) were selected as sample using convenience sampling method. Broadbent Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Jackson Innovation scale, Risk-taking scale and Young's Internet Addiction Test were used to for data collection. Moreover, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS-22, analysis of the data carried out by Pearson correlation and Regression analysis.Results: There was a positive significant correlation between cognitive failure and internet addiction, and also between risk-taking and internet addiction. Totally, risk-taking and cognitive failure can predict 11 percent of changes of factor variable.Conclusion: Based on the results, the manner of using internet can be related to cognitive, emotional and personality characteristics of the internet users. It is expected that these findings not only improve the knowledge of this field, but also support protective factors and removing risky behaviors. Additionally, it can be used as a helpful tool in intervention programs in this field.

Background & aim: Self-management is an important factor in the process of treatment and control of epilepsy that can also affect the quality of life of patients. So this study was performed to determine the relationship between self-management and quality of life in epileptic patients who referred to Iranian epilepsy association.Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical survey. The population of study is consisted of all epileptic patients whose disease is confirmed by a doctor and they were members of Iranian epilepsy association in 2015.162 patients were selected by convince sampling and answered to three questionnaires including demographic data, quality of life in epilepsy scale and epilepsy self-management scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 17 and the Pearson correlation and stepwise regression tests.Results: Results showed that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between self-management with overall quality of life and drug management, information management, safety management, seizure management and lifestyle management (p<0.05). Also multiple regression analysis showed that seizure management and safety management can predicted and explained 20.4% of variations in quality of life which indicates the impact of self-management on the quality of life of patients with epilepsy.Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that with increasing self-management and promotes quality of life can take effective steps for the recovery process and controlling the disease in epilepsy patients.