Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2023 | Volume:22 | Issue:11|Papers Count:8

Background and Objectives: Divorce can lead to many behavioral and psychological problems in children. The aim of the current study was to develop early intervention program based on cognitive-behavioral theory in children of divorce with emotional-behavioral disorders and determine its effectiveness in social adjustment of children of divorce. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, the statistical population included all articles and the professors of psychology, in the qualitative part, and all the girls of divorced families of Astaneh-Ashrafiyeh City, in the quantitative part, in 2022. Moreover, 30 children of divorce were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group was trained in 12 90-minute sessions, twice a week, and the control group did not receive any training. Data was collected in pre-test and post-test using Achenbach’s Child Behavioral Checklist (2001) and Dokhanchi's Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1998). The data were analyzed by thematic analysis and univariate analysis of covariance in the qualitative and quantitative parts, respectively. Results: The findings demonstrated that the mean and standard deviation of social adjustment scores in the experimental group increased from 98. 33±1. 90 in the pre-test to 104. 33±1. 08 in the post-test, and in the control group from 98. 07±1. 67 in the pre-test to 98. 53±1. 40 in the post-test (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the early intervention program based on cognitive-behavioral theory of children of divorce with emotional-behavioral disorders was effective on the increase of social adjustment of these children. Therefore, this program can be implemented as an effective program to improve the social adjustment of children of divorce.

Background and Objectives: The covid-19 outbreak has caused a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological distress. However, studies suggest that these conditions may also lead to post-traumatic growth. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the role of defense mechanisms and attachment styles in predicting post-traumatic growth in people involved in coronavirus-induced mourning. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the statistical population included survivors (27 to 55 years old) (from February 2019 to September 2021) in the city of Tehran. Of this population, 130 people were selected as the research sample by the convenience sampling method. Questionnaires on defense styles, attachment styles, and post-traumatic growth were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the developed defense mechanisms (Beta=0. 489) and safe attachment style (Beta=0. 256) predict post-traumatic growth in people involved in coronavirus-induced mourning in a meaningful way (p<0. 001). However, the style of insecure attachments and the undeveloped and psychologically annoying defense mechanism lacked the adequate strength to predict post-traumatic growth (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Safe attachment style and developed defense mechanism can lead to growth after injury. Psychiatrists and psychologists who engage in mourning therapy are recommended to pay more attention to the defense mechanisms and attachment styles of those involved in mourning.

Background and Objectives: Budgetary slack has been defined as managers’ request for a budget beyond the actual requirements, which can be influenced by the accountability pressure, information asymmetry, and moral intelligence. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between healthcare managers' accountability pressure and budgetary slack with focusing on the role of moral intelligence and information asymmetry in public hospitals in Kerman. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, the statistical population consisted of all the managers who participated in the budgeting process in any way in the public hospitals of Kerman City in 2022. One-hundred questionnaires were collected by distributing questionnaires among the statistical population. In order to test the research model, structural equations modeling was used. Results: The research findings indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between the accountability pressure and budgetary slack (β=-0. 169, p<0. 001). Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between information asymmetry and budgetary slack (β=0. 809, p<0. 001). In addition, it should be noted that the information asymmetry and moral intelligence variables did not have a moderating role in the relationship between accountability pressure and budgetary slack. Conclusion: Considering the participative role of managers and the sufficient opportunity to create budgetary slack, upper managers should prevent the creation of budgetary slack by monitoring as closely as possible, reviewing and applying more controls, and increasing the accountability pressure, while improving the performance of lower-level managers.

Background and Objectives: Hypogonadism is a common complication in men with type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of hypogonadism and some related factors in men with type 2 diabetes referred to the Endocrinology Clinic of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 111 men with type 2 diabetes were examined. After completing the questionnaire and measuring blood pressure and waist circumference, 10 cc of fasting blood was taken to measure serum levels of total testosterone (TT), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Data was analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation test, and logistic regression. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age of patients was 58. 61±10. 62 years. Twenty six patients (23. 42%) had hypogonadism. With increasing body mass index, the TT levels (p=0. 034), LH (p=0. 008) and FSH (p=0. 028) significantly decreased. With increasing HbA1c, the levels of TT (p=0. 035), LH (p=0. 004) and FSH (p=0. 001), with increasing systolic blood pressure, the level of LH (p=0. 025), and with increasing age, the levels of LH and FSH (p<0. 001) significantly increased,however, with increasing waist circumference, the levels of TT (p=0. 006), LH and FSH (p<0. 001) significantly reduced. Mean TT (p=0. 011), LH (p=0. 017), and FSH (p=0. 014) levels were significantly higher in those taking the drug. Conclusion: With an increase in waist circumference, disease duration, and follicle stimulating hormone, the odds of hypogonadism increased. It is recommended to the health officials to take the necessary preventive measures including increasing the awareness of the male community.

Background and Objectives: Health-promoting behaviors and healthy lifestyle are the main strategies to facilitate and maintain health. The purpose of this research was to determine health-promoting behaviors in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 450 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were studied by stratified random sampling method in 2022. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic information and a valid health-promoting behavior questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed as a self-report by students. Data were analyzed using independent two-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the students was 20. 86±3. 19 years. The scores of the self-improvement section (23. 33±5. 20) were the highest scores and the scores of the stress management section (18. 54±3. 68) were the lowest scores. There was a significant statistical association between the total score of students' health-promoting behaviors and the scores of the variables of marital status and educational level (p<0. 05). Also, a statistically significant association was observed between the physical activity dimension score and the gender variable and the responsibility and nutrition dimensions score and the marital status variable (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Since the total score of the health-promoting behaviors of the studied students was in the middle class, with proper planning, the university can help students create a positive health concept and strengthen their awareness and performance about balanced nutrition, regular exercise, stress management, and attention to their health or self-care.

Background and Objectives: The number of systematic reviews or secondary-level evidence is proliferating, even more than the increase in primary studies. Controversial topics, biased findings, and inconclusive evidence have led policymakers and researchers toward the tertiary level of evidence, that is, “umbrella review”. Despite the fact that umbrella reviews are a relatively new methodology, their numbers have steeply risen in the last decades, suggesting a growing interest and need in this line of research. Several guidelines have been published on conducting umbrella reviews,however, the existing incongruities leave researchers confused about the best way of practice. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the necessity, circumstances, challenges, and pitfalls of umbrella reviews. Lastly, step-by-step guidelines are proposed for the procedure of conducting and drafting the report of an umbrella review. We hope that the present text and the provided practical instructions draw the attention of the Iranian academic community to umbrella reviews s.

Background and Objectives: During the coronavirus pandemic, e-learning is considered an essential element in educational systems. Keeping the student's effective interaction with the pharmacology course is always a serious challenge in the virtual education of this lesson. Therefore, the current study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate the virtual teaching methods of pharmacology course among medical students. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 133 medical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, who were studying pharmacology during the coronavirus pandemic in the academic year 2019-2020, were included. Then, the simplified educational content of the pharmacology course was prepared in the form of pictures along with explanatory clouds and summary tables and uploaded to the learning management system (NAVID). Supplementary written content, which complemented the educational clips of each class session, was provided to the students in order to summarize the topic and learn better. After finishing the class, an online questionnaire was completed by the students, and the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Results: There were 66 (49. 6%) students of 2017 entrance and 67 students (50. 4%) of 2018 entrance. The satisfaction level of the students after the evaluation through the questionnaire regarding the supplementary educational method was significantly higher than the simplified method (p<0. 001). There was observed no significant difference in the level of satisfaction from both methods based on grade point average and age (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The design and implementation of simplified educational methods in the course of pharmacology was accompanied with satisfaction of students in online education in the time of coronavirus pandemic.