PAJOUHAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Year:2014 | Volume:12 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases worldwide with a great deal of mortality. It consists of either pulmonary or extra-pulmonary type with 15% of tuberculosis cases are caused by the latter. The most common site of extra pulmonary TB is in lymph glands (nearly 40% of the cases). The objective of the current study is the epidemiological assessment of the contributors of extra-pulmonary TB in Hamadan province.Method: 250 patients with extra-pulmonary TB diagnosed between 1384 till 1390 had been evaluated and the data on age, gender, residential and clinical status had been gathered. For analytical purposes Chi square and T-test were used by Statistical software version 16 (SPSS- 16).Results: There were 115 men (46% of sample) in the study. 171 patients (68.4%) were urban residents. After diagnosis of TB, 14 patients had been deceased. The mean (SD) of age of the patients was 43.6 (19.9) years with 37.6% of them older than 50. The incidence rate of extra-pulmonary TB is found to be 2.1 (per one hundred thousand persons) and 39% lymphatic TB as the most common engaged site (39% of the times).Conclusions: based on the our results the epidemiological perspective of extra-pulmonary TB in Hamadan is consistent with other areas in the country. Also we found that the diagnosis procedures for extra-pulmonary TB are acceptable so that one third of the TB patients would have been diagnosed as cases.

Background and Objectives: habitual pitch perception associated with the mean fundamental frequency of speech. In the clinical evaluation referred to this issue is dealt with in the normal range for a person whether he is a habitual pitch. A common feature in many of the abnormal pitch of voice disorders, the assessment of habitual pitch and factors affecting it, may help scientists to determine the existence and degree of voice disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of speech sample duration, the person is a habitual pitch.Method: In the present study, no natural base frequency of 30 female speech sound disorder, aged 18 to 30 years using praat were using a counting task in 60 seconds - that's three times and then averaged in -, was obtained. Participants also must have to fulfill the inclusion criteria of the study.Results: The mean baseline frequency words ranged 0-1 seconds: 218.87±19.22, in the range 0-5 seconds, 211.00± 19.56, in the range 0-15 seconds, 202.65±19.50, 219.07±105.49 in the range 0-30 seconds. in the range of 0-60 seconds when it was 215.86±103.33. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant relationship (s) has base frequency speech range (p£0.001; F=47.136).Conclusions: the results show that duration of speech sample has effect on habitual pitch measure.

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans if treatment is not done properly it will have been dangerous consequences. Today, increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in the treatment of diseases of the problems facing medical science. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients learning to be in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.Method: This cross-sectional study-described in the first six months of the year from 1391 to 92 were based on data collected from hospital laboratory data in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences databases. Midstream urine samples obtained from all patients and the McConkey agar and blood cultures after 48 h of cultivation on 105 urine CFU/ml was considered as positive. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by the standard disk diffusion method (using disks PadtanTeb) and the results were analyzed using the software SPSS.Results: The most common bacteria isolated including Escherichia coli (72%) and coagulate-negative Staphylococci (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (3%) and the presence of bacteria of the proteus mirabilis (4%) and klebsiella species (6%). The results showed that E.coli isolates resistant to most antibiotics, Cotrimoxazole (74%) and the least resistance to Nitrofurantion (4%) and all isolates were susceptible to Amikacin (100%). Staphylococcus aureusisolates were susceptible to Vancomycin (100%) and the rate of resistant to oxacillin, erythromycin and Clindamycin were over (90%) and also, Proteus spp. was resistant (50%) to Nitrofurantion and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: In this study, most causing agents of UTIs belonged to the family ofenterobacteriaceae and determination of antibiotic susceptibility pattern should be considered.

Background and Objectives: Today accepting quality is important on management of the organization, and a variety of methods has been used to improve health care quality. So, among these methods, Clinical Governance was introduced for the first time. The aim of this study was to assess the views of hospital administrators toward quality improvement of health based on Clinical Governance Model in selected hospitals of Hamadan.Methods: It was a descriptive- analytical study. Clinical Governance Awareness Questionnaire (CGAQ) was used to assess hospital administrators’s views of quality improvement of health. The questionnaire consisted of 14 questions about awareness and 15 questions about the attitude of administrators of quality improvement of health based on Clinical Governance Model. According to the number of hospital managers, matrons, head nurses and supervisors of public and private hospitals, the target population was 96 persons. SPSS 15 was used to analyze data.Results: In this study, the lowest level of awareness was on risk management principle. Most administrators had a moderate attitude toward quality improvement of health based on Clinical Governance Model.Conclusion: According to low awareness of administrators of quality improvement (especially in the principle of risk management) it is recommended used of administrative and training programs.

Background and Objectives: Verbal fluency performance investigated the ability of producing words, conscious mental process and generally, the ability to make verbal communication. In different studies, phonological fluency tasks have significant relationship with variables such as age, gender and level of education. This research tries to investigate phonological fluency and its relationship with levels of education as well as gender in Persian language.Method: The present study was done in cross- sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 290 typical persian speaking individuals with ages range from 12 to 18. They were divided in seven age groups who did not have any prior neurological, psychological and sensory disorders. Data collecting was performed through verbal fluency tests. An independent T-test and ANOVA were performed for data analysis.Results: According to obtained result from statistical tests in this research, there was significant difference between the age and level of education on one hand and mean performance of phonological fluency on other hand (P<0.005). Moreover, this significant difference is existed between the mean of performance and number of phonological fluency transfers in both boys and girls.Conclusions: Individuals with low education scored less in all studied area except clustering. It indicates, there is lower mental screening among the less educated people.

Background and Objectives: Hearing loss in children is a main cause of malfunction in them. On the other hand, adaptive Behavior includes the age-appropriate behaviors necessary for people to live normally and in daily life. The objective of this study was to compare the adaptive behaviors of 12-36 months deaf and normal children.Method: In this case- control study, we compared adaptive behaviors score of 40 deaf children with 40 normal children. Adaptive behaviors were measured using Vineland scale.Results: In 12 to 24 month children, there was a significant difference between two groups (P=0.007). However, in 24 to 36 month children there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: It seems that parental acceptance of children's hearing losses can lead to an improvement in adaptive behaviors of their children.

Background and Objectives: When adults talk to another person, linguistic characteristics of the listener will also be considered. A clear example of speech changes depending on the listener is maternal or infant directed speech. Infant directed speech is more slowly with longer sentences and pauses at the end of the utterance. Undoubtedly the most distinctive feature of this style of speech is acoustic characteristics. In this study, acoustic features of directed speech are investigated in Persian.Method: The voice samples of 30 Persian mothers during interacting with their infants and during a conversation with an adult were recorded. Mother's age and education level, number of children were matched with each other. The voice samples were analyzed by using Praat software and mean fundamental frequency, frequency range, and voice break in the infant and adult directed speech were evaluated.Results: Paired T- test showed that the mean fundamental frequency, frequency range, and voice break in infant directed speech were significant differences with adult speech directed.Conclusions: Comparison of fundamental frequency in infant and adult speech oriented showed that Persian mothers during interacting with their infants speak with low voice frequency and have a higher frequency range. These results may explain the exaggerated and rhythmic patterns in the infant directed speech. Results showed that the Persian, such as English, when adults talk to infants change their speech style. Accepting this result can be offered that the Children's TV presenter, speech therapists, occupational therapists and others who deal with children in order to better communicate and attract attention use this speech style.

Background and Objectives: The increasing environmental pollution by heavy metals caused serious concern due to the carcinogenicity non biodegradability, and biological accumulation properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal of copper as a heavy metal by using camel bone powder from wastewater.Method: The process of copper absorption by powdered camel bone was performed in laboratory and batch mode. Effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent amount of copper concentration on the adsorption efficiency were studied. In order to better understand the equilibrium adsorption isotherms of Freundlich and Langmuir were assessed. All experiments were repeated three times and mean values reported.Results: The specific surface area, total pore volume, and mean pore diameter of adsorbent were determined to 89.8 m2/g, 0.41 m3/g, and 1.1-2 mm, respectively. The results showed that the best performance of camel bone powder for copper removal (99%) was attained at a dose of 0.3 mg/L, pH 8, and contact time of 20 min. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich model (R2=0.985). The results revealed that copper absorption was affected by factors such as initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and pH. The maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 8.Conclusions: Accordingly, the camel bone powder is an efficient, low cost, and promising option adsorbent for removal of different concentrations of copper from water and wastewater.