PAJOUHAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Year:2017 | Volume:15 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Water pollution by petroleum compounds is one of the most environmental challenges in oil-rich countries as it can have unsuitable effects on human health and the environment. Application of an efficient method for treating wastewaters containing oil materials is of great importance. Thus, this study investigated the using of the electrocoagulation for treating oil effluents for the first time.Methods: First, the effluent of the oil catchment of Kharg was sampled over 30 days. Then, the concentrations of total petroleum of hydrocarbons (TPHs) were compared before and after the treatment by the electrocoagulation method. Also, the optimum values of influencing parameters including solution pH, current density, contact and aeration time, electrode type, hydraulic detention time and distance of electrodes were reported.Results: The highest removal of TPHs (94%) was attained at the following conditions: Fe-Fe electrodes, contact time of 30 min in the presence of aeration, 1.5 Cm of electrode distance and current density of 20 mA Cm-2.Conclusion: It was found that the electrocoagulation method can be applied as a suitable way for treating effluents containing petroleum compounds.

Introduction: Nursing is a stressful jobs and stress causes burnout. Job burnout has a lot negative psychological consequences. Thus, the aim of this study was to predict nurse’s job burnout based on the social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior.Methods: The current research was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. The population included the nurses of Varamin’s hospitals in 2016. Totally, 180 nurses were selected by the simple random sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires included social capital, perceived social support, organizational citizenship behavior and job burnout. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression by enter model and with Assistance SPSS-19 software.Results: The results showed that social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior had a negative significant relationship with nurse’s job burnout. In other words, the rate of nurse’s job burnout decreases with increasing social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior (P£0.01). A model predicting organizational citizenship behavior, perceived social support and social capital could predict 31.2% of the variations of nurse’s job burnout. The share of organizational citizenship behavior in predicting nurse’s job burnout was over than other variables (P£.001).Conclusion: Social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior had an effective role in predicting the nurse’s job burnout. Therefore, it is suggested that, in order to decrease the nurse’s job burnout, counselors and therapists increase the rate of organizational citizenship behavior, perceived social support and social capital of nurses.

Introduction: Burnout is an advanced state of stress and emotional exhaustion is its core. This syndrome is associated with physical, emotional and mental fatigue as a consequence of long term exposure to difficult conditions. This study was conducted to determine the effect of physical activity on emotional exhaustion of employees in 2013.Methods: This semi-experimental study was carried out on 200 employees in AghGhala, the north of Iran, in 2013. Individuals were selected by convenience sampling. Data gathered by a 3-part questionnaire involved demographic characteristics, Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Paired t-test, Man-Whitney and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.05 with spss16 software.Results: The results showed that 57.5% of the studied individuals were male that 91% of them were married. Average of their age was 38.52±7.86 years, 60 percent of the employees had no or low physical inactivity. Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant relation between emotional exhaustion and gender (p=0.02). The Pearson test showed that there was a significant relation between emotional exhaustion and physical activity (P=0.03).Conclusion: The results showed that increase of physical activity can enhance people’s capacity to cope with everyday problems. It is also one of the ways of reducing stress and emotional exhaustion of employees in workplace. Therefore to have better work performance, it is necessary to detect effective factors.

Introduction: Nowadays, workforce, as the most valuable asset, is facing many problems. Stressors in workforce, which have adverse effects on the body and spirit of nurses, can result in the performance of staff. The objective of this study was to determine stressors in operating room and its impacts on nurses.Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study and the study population consisted of 172 operating room nurses working in five hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical sciences. The individuals were selected by using the total number of sampling method. The instrument for data collecting was a questionnaire that has checked stressors in five domains: psycho - social, economic and welfare, environmental, managerial and physical factors. For data analysis, SPSS 16 software, descriptive statistics, and independent t tests and correlation were used.Results: Results showed that 62.2% of the individuals were exposed to high stress.Psychological and environmental factors had the highest levels of stress (59.21, 39.65) and the managerial domain had the lowest level of stress (17.7). Among operating room stressors, the risk of injuries from contaminated needles and the damage to the skin (50%) was most likely to cause stress.Conclusion: The present study showed that more than half of the nurses suffer from high levels of stress and serious actions should be taken in relation to the manage mental and environmental domains. It is suggested that in order to support operating room nurses against occupational stressors, some interventions should be designed and performed.

Introduction: Child’s vocabulary increases with age and knowing its growth is important for research and clinical purposes. This study aimed to determine the most frequent words and lexical categories in Azari-speaking children aged from 18 to 24 months. Also the lexical development trend up to 24 months was studied.Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 17 18-24 month old Azarispeaking children selected by the cluster sampling method from Tabriz’s kindergartens and lasted for 6 months. The tools for the collection of data included weekly children’s vocabulary sheet and vocabulary lists. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Among 279 words, 31 words were used in the first week of 18 months.Childlike words: foods and stereotypes were the most used words. Childlike words made the largest category and animal words made the smallest category. Thirty seven words met the age of acquisition criteria during 6 months that the childlike category with 11 words was the largest and grammatical words and location categories each with 1 word were the smallest categories.Conclusion: Considering that childlike words are most used compared to other categories, it can be concluded that children, at first, learn words that are easier pronounced and expressive lexicon size and variety of its categorizes increase by age increase.

Introduction: Exercises are effective in bone density in different areas of the body when they can increase the mechanical load or dynamic pressure in those areas.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercises in water on bone density of premenopausal women.Methods: This semi-experimental study was of pretest-posttest design. Twenty premenopausal women, between 40 to 45 years, were randomly selected in two groups of exercise in water and control group in the city of Hamadan in 2016. The experimental group completed 12 week exercise training, three times a week and 70 minutes per session. Before and after 12 weeks, femoral bone mineral density (Total Hip and Femoral Neck) in subjects were measured by DEXA bone mineral densitometry. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics, dependent and independent t-test and ANCOVA on a significant level P<0.05 with SPSS version 21.Results: Femoral bone density (total hip and femoral neck) in water training group compared with the control group showed a significant difference (P=0.002 and P=0.046). In control group decrease in bone density of the hip in total hip and femoral neck (P=0.004 and P=0.033) were observed.Conclusion: Regarding the differences in the training in water group and the control group, weight-bearing exercises in water in premenopausal women are recommended, because it can prevent a decrease in bone mineral density stemming from aging in this period.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among all cancers worldwide and also one of the helth priorities in Yazd. Continuing deaths from this disease among the Iranian females is mainly because of the low use of screening behaviors and late diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the women’s knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviorse of breast cancer in Yazd, Iran in 2015.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The participants were 384 women referring to health centers of the city of Yazd selected in 2016 selected by the cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a quesstionarre and designed by SPSS (version 16) (t-test, ANOVA and Chi-Square).Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.31±7.97 years. The mean score of the knowledge and attitude of the subjects was 52.53 out of 78 and 36.29 out of 50, respectively. And, the mean score of preventive behaviors of the cancer was 12.03 (out of 24). According to the Pearson’s correlation test, a significant positive correlation was detected between the practice of breast diagnostic examination and the knowledge (P=0.001, r=0.177) and attitude score (p=0.0001, r=0.257).Conclusion: Since the mean score of the women’s behavior is lower than the average level, an education intervention plan should be designed and implemented to motivate women to use the screening methods.