Governance in the Qur'an and Sunnah
Year:2024 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

Achieving the transcendental goals of the Iranian Revolution based on the Statement of the Second Phase of the Islamic Revolution requires a precise and detailed explanation of the theory of government of Islam based on the concept of ruling in the Qur'an. In recent years, many researches have been conducted on the concepts of ruling and government. In this regard, what has been less considered is the concept of the word "ruling" from the perspective of the Qur'an. This issue has caused confusion in expressing the concept of government and governance, and their analysis is not exactly in accordance with the concept of the Qur'an. Therefore, in order to explain ruling, government and governance from the point of view of Islam, it must be precisely determined what the Holy Qur'an means by using the word rulin g and its. The main question of the current research is, what is the meaning of the Qur’anic concept of the words "ruling" and "government" based on the theory of the single principle? To answer this question, Allameh Mustafavi's theory of the single principle, which is used in the field of Qur'anic lexicology, has been used. According to this theory, the main meaning of the word "government" is "a well-established, balanced and parallel internal structure that avoids any kind of oppression and disturbance and excesses" and this conceptualization shows that the meaning of the term "government" by the Supreme Leader of Iran exactly corresponds to its Qur’anic meaning.

The scientific legacy of Imam Hadi contains various subjects, among which jurisprudence is of great importance due to the practice of Shia according to it, especially in the era of the government of the opponents of Ahl al-Bayt. The present article aims to clarify the jurisprudential legacy of Imam Hadi and seeks to answer the question of how Imam Hadi's jurisprudential legacy can be categorized or divided. Using narrative and historical sources, the author has categorized the jurisprudential legacy of Imam Hadi into three groups (narratives, letters and Sira) through a descriptive and analytical method. Each of these three categories include various jurisprudential issues such as purification, saying prayer, fasting, Hajj, jihad, khums, zakat, trade and commerce, judgment, hudud, food and drinks, and other jurisprudential issues. Of course, the way of expression of rulings is also different, in some cases, like letters, sometimes the general ruling has been expressed and sometimes attention has been paid to the details. It also has different types in terms of shape, structure and volume of the letter and its audience.

The Holy Prophet and The Twelve Infallible Imams and Wali Faqih (Guardian jurist) as the leaders of the society have the authorities equivalent to the authorities of the governments in such a way that with the help of these authorities, they can manage the society and bring them closer to the goals and value system of religion. Naturally, benefiting this authority, these gentlemen will be able to establish public security, guarantee public freedoms and achieve the well-being of citizens. In addition, the Islamic government has the same authorities like other governments regarding some personal circumstances of the citizens, which have turned into the domain of public affairs, and the government cannot manage the affairs of the society except by taking over these matters. However, it seems that unlike many governments that do not consider take over the private affairs of citizens as permissible, the Islamic government has more comprehensive authorities than taking over the public affairs, in accordance with religious foundations and in line with the realization of the educational, moral and cultural goals of religion. This article, which uses the ijtihad method to prove its research hypothesis, and tries to prove the authorities of the Islamic government in this regard, has proposed and criticized the view of those who believe in the minimum scope of the authorities of the Islamic government by emphasizing the holy verse " Al-Nabi Awal’ bi al-Muminin min Anfusihim" and its narrators’ interpretation.

Understanding the correct sira (lifestyle) of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) is based on understanding the criteria and principles of their sira. One of the important criteria of sire studies of Ahl al-Bayt is to pay attention to the extent of the influence of authority and its consideration in their behavior. This article tries to determine the effect of this factor on the level of political behavior of Ahl al-Bayt. In other words, it answers the question that to what extent Imam Ali, Imam Hassan and Imam Hossein paid attention to the element of authority in their political behavior and considered it in their sira? Based on the findings of this article, the Ahl al-Bayt have always paid serious attention to considering their authority in their political behavior, and the level of their authority as an important factor has had a significant impact on the type of their political and social behavior. Therefore, one can say that unlike other currents of Shia history such as Zaidiyyah, their sira has always been based on rationality and away from emotional behaviors.

This study aims to analyze the speech acts of Imam Hussain's Qur’anic documents in the battle of Karbala based on the theory of speech act, using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of quantitative and qualitative data and answers the question that “based on this theory, how and to what extent were the Qur’anic documents of Imam Hossein in the battle of Karbala? The findings of the research suggest that the most direct speech acts of Imam Hossein's Qur’anic documents in the Ashura Battle, with the number of 18 cases out of 24 cases with 75%, are related to declarative acts. Persuasive acts with 4 items with 16. 66 % are in the second place among the most Imam’s documents. 2 cases with 8. 33% of the acts were dedicated to emotional acts, and finally, obligatory and declaration acts were not seen. Most of the indirect speech acts of Imam Hossein's Quranic documents in the Ashura Battle, with the number of 13 cases out of 26 cases with 50 %, are related to persuasive actions and declarative actions, which have the same percentage. Among the indirect speech acts in the verses cited by Imam Hussain, there were no declarative, obligatory and emotional acts. The results of the study show that when declarative actions have the highest frequency in the text, it is a sign that the author intends to convey facts and information to the reader in a clear and direct manner. This can be seen in one of Imam Hussain's speeches that stated, “I have come to you to guide you (people) toward the truth and tell you the reason for my coming. " Therefore, Imam's intention is mostly to more by referring to verses.

About the necessity and existence of the government, although there are different views among the thinkers, but most of the thinkers have decided on the necessity of the existence of the government in different ways. This necessity is also considered in the works and views of philosophers of transcendental wisdom, but regardless of what these philosophers have in common with other thinkers, most of the differences between these philosophers can be examined. The present article deals with the discussion about its dimensions and levels with the assumption that in the works of Mullah Sadra and Imam Khomeini, the necessity of the existence of the government has been emphasized and highlighted. Therefore, the present article believes that both thinkers emphasize the necessity of the government to maintain security. On the one hand, Imam Khomeini emphasizes more on justice and creating order in society and has mentioned the concrete aspects of the debate. On the other hand, Mulla Sadra discussed the more important issue of the necessity of the government. The main idea is that based on the views of two thinkers, systems are drawn that include local and foreign political, cultural and economic areas, and create a comprehensive view in the discussion that helps us in drawing the special tasks of the government in the new era. The article deals with this issue through a descriptive and analytical method and with the approach of political philosophy.