Pars Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2023 | Volume:21 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Introduction: The nature of septorhinoplasty surgery and hemodynamic instability in patients causes intraoperative bleeding, which affects the quality of the surgical field of view, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and surgical outcome. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients aged 18 to 44 who were candidates for septoranioplasty surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group 1: received bisoprolol 2.5 mg and group 2 received placebo as a control group. Hemodynamic symptoms will be measured before induction, after induction, 1 minute after induction, 5 minutes after induction, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes during operation, entering recovery and exiting recovery. The amount of bleeding during the operation was estimated based on the amount of bleeding in the suction. Data analysis was done using spss software version 21 and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistical tests.Result: In the times before and after induction, 1 minute, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, in recovery and outside of recovery, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure and blood pressure. There was no mean arterial (P>0.05). While the heart rate in these minutes was reported to be significantly lower in the bisoprolol group than in the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the bisoprolol and control groups in terms of average recovery time (P=0.017) and total surgery time (P=0.044); However, there was no significant difference in the average amount of bleeding between the two groups (P=0.06). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of a dose of 2.5 mg of bisoprolol before the operation can significantly reduce the heart rate, but it does not make a significant difference in the hemodynamic changes and the bleeding rate of patients in septorhinoplasty surgery.

Introduction: The prevalence of kidney disease (KD) as a global health burden is increasing rapidly and is known as a health problem that imposes a large economic cost on health systems. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the 30-year trend of the burden of KD in Iran from 1990 to 2019.Materials and Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study that provided information on the trend of KD in Iran during the years 1990 to 2019. The data related to the indicators of the burden of KD in Iran, the Eastern Mediterranean region and the global average were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) report. The results of the study have been reported descriptively and in the form the trend of disease burden in a 30-year period using three indices, including DALY, YLL and YLD.Results: The highest burden of disease caused by chronic kidney diseases in the last 30 years in Iran was related to people over 50 years old, and the corresponding DALY index was lower than the average of the region and the world. In Iran, the 30-year changes of this index in a standardized form according to age was equal to -21.54 percent (from 620.34 in 1990 to 486.68 in 2019). Moreover, the highest burden of disease caused by acute glomerulonephritis in the last 30 years was related to the age group over 70 years old, and in general, the DALY index for this disease in Iran has exceeded the average of the region and the world. In Iran, the 30-year change rate of this index standardized by age was 54.94 percent (from 5.84 in 1990 to 9.05 in 2019).Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the burden of KD is increasing over time, especially in older age and due to acute glomerulonephritis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement effective preventive and treatment measures with the aim of reducing the incidence of KD and also to slow down the progress of the disease.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has destructive effects on fetal brain development. Aloe vera extract contains potentantioxidants which can be effective in treating diabetes. The present study investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Aloe vera on fetal cerebellar tissue in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Forty eight adult pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 8 including control (C), receiving 400 mg/kg Aloe vera extract (CA), diabetic by injecting with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (D), diabetic group receiving 20 IU/kg insulin (DI), diabetic group receiving 400 mg/kg Aloe vera extract (DA) and diabetic receiving 20 IU/kg insulin and 400 mg/kg Aloe vera extract (DAI). The rats received insulin subcutaneously and the Aloe vera extract through gavage. Blood glucose and body weight were recorded on days 1, 7, 14 and 18 of gestation. On day 18, the weight of each rat and the number and gender of its fetuses were recorded. Fetal brains were removed and tissue sections of their cerebellum were prepared. The results were analyzed through ANOVA and at the significant level of p≤0.05.Results: Blood glucose in diabetic groups was significantly higher than C and A groups. Weight of pregnant rats on days 7,14, and 18 significantly decreased in the D, DI, and DAI groups compared to the C and A groups. In all diabetic groups compared to the C and A groups, the number of newborns significantly decreased and the neonatal weight increased. In group D, compared to group C, the thickness and number of gray and white matter cells, the thickness and number of molecular, Purkinje, and granular layer cells decreased significantly. Also, In DI and DAI groups compared to group D, the thickness of gray and white matter, the thickness and number of molecular layer cells and the number of white mattercells showed a significant change compared to group D.  Conclusion: It seems that aloe vera prevents the destruction of the fetus brain tissue of diabetic rats by reducingblood sugar and preventing the increase of harmful oxidants.

Introduction: Mismatch blood group antigens between blood donor and recipient increases the risk of alloimmunization. The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of unwanted alloantibodies against blood group antigens in beta-thalassemia patients receiving continuous blood transfusions in Jahrom City.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, a total of 79 patients with beta-thalassemia were enrolled. Alloantibodies were evaluated using antibody screening and identification (panel test) methods. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 23. All data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics methods and Fisher's exact test. Results: In this study, 10 patients (12.65%) had alloantibodies against red blood cells (RBCs). The most commonly detected alloantibodies in patients were anti-K (50%), anti-E (20%), and anti-C (20%). The rate of alloimmunization was significantly lower in transfused patients with leukoreduced RBCs compared to those transfused with non-leukoreduced RBCs (P<0.001). Patients with O+ blood group produced the most alloantibody, which was not statistically significant (p=0.61). There was no statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of alloantibody with the sex and age variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, the most commonly detected alloantibodies were against Kell and Rh (E, C) blood group systems, which can be useful in deciding to store blood components with rare blood groups.

Introduction: The management of Candida-related infectious diseases and the recognition of drug susceptibility patterns in each region depend on local epidemiological studies and population structure of each region. The present study was carried out with the aim of identifying the common species associated with VVC and determining their antifungal susceptibility profile.Materials and Methods: In this study, 140 clinical isolates of Candida species were collected from people with vaginitis referred to a number of health centers in Zanjan, Iran. The collected samples were identified and differentiated using CHROMagar Candida. Antifungal susceptibility tests for fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole was performed by broth microdilution method, and the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Overall, 41 Candida species were isolated from vaginal discharge samples. C. glabrata was the most frequent with 23 isolates (56.1%), followed by C. albicans (16 isolates, 39%) and C. tropicalis (2 isolates, 4.9%) respectively. Candida isolates showed high resistance to azoles, so that 11 isolates (26.8%) were resistant to fluconazole. Also, the resistance to itraconazole and ketoconazole was found to be 58.5% and 65.9%, respectively.Conclusions: In this study C. glabrata had the highest prevalence and it shows the change in the pattern of Candidainfections towards non-albicans species. The occurrence of high drug resistance to azoles is one of the problems facing vaginal candidiasis, which leads to recurrent and treatment-resistant infections.

Introduction: APC gene in ctDNA and miR-21-5p have been proposed as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.Materials and Methods: In this above study, a biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and DNA probe with fluorophore FAM (6-carboxyfluorescein) to detect APC gene in ctDNA, and DNA probe with fluorophore ROX (5-carboxy-x-rhodamine) to detect miR-21-5p, was designed to identify patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This method is based on the adsorption and stabilization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) labeled with FAM and ROX on MWCNT, which leads to the quenching of the fluorescence emission of FAM and ROX. By adding their complementary DNA (cDNA), which led to the release of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes from the MWCNT surface and a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was formed, which led to the return of FAM and ROX fluorescence emission.Result: In this study, the sensitivity of FAM fluorophore was 50 nM (50 nM) and the sensitivity of ROX fluorophore was 25 nM (25 nM). The response time in the presence of the target strand is 12 minutes. The LOD and LOQ of DNA biosensor individually were 1.12 nM and 3.2 μM, respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the biosensor based on carbon nanotubes and DNA probe, in addition to existing methods, can be used as a high-sensitivity method for early detection of CRC.

Introduction: Colon cancer is caused by abnormal growth of cells that can invade (Metastasis) or multiply in other tissues in the body. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and its mortality rate is almost 50% of patients. Research has shown that LncRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and differentiation. Based on the above, the present study investigates the expression of LncRNA HPYR1 in patients with colorectal cancer.Materials & Methods: The present study was performed by sampling 20 patients with colorectal cancer and 20 healthy tissues. Then RNA extraction was performed by Trizol kit and cDNA synthesis was performed by Takara kit and finally the expression of the relevant gene was performed by Real Time RT PCR technique. The relative expression level of LncRNA HPYR1 was calculated and finally the results were analyzed by GraphPad Prism software.Results: The results showed that the expression of HPYR1 lncRNA in colorectal cancer has a significant increase compared to the control group (p=0.0116) and also the expression of the gene is related to metastasis (p=0.002). On the other hand, the relative expression of HPYR1 lncRNA in the tumor of people with stage 1 and 2 and in the tumor of people with different size tumors did not show a significant increase (p=0.56) and (p=0.8270), but the relative expression of lncRNA HPYR1 in the tumor of people with grades 2 had an increase in expression compared to grade 1 and it was statistically significant (p=0.03).Conclusion: In the present study, the relative expression of LncRNA HPYR1 in people with colorectal cancer was increased compared to the control, which could be due to the activation of proteins involved in cancer and the growth of tumor cells and blood vessels. Birth in cancer. Therefore, considering the changes in LncRNA HPYR1 gene expression in colorectal cancer, it is possible to use this gene as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis.

Introduction: Laryngeal spasm is the narrowing or complete closure of the glottis due to the reflex contraction of thelaryngeal muscles. The present study reports a case of upper airway obstruction following long-term use of a laryngeal mask airway in surgery.Case Presentation: A 45-year-old female patient who referred to a urologist due to urological problems with complaints of urinary bleeding and pain in the urogenital area. Based on trusting the surgeon's words about the shortness of the surgery, a Laryngeal mask airway was used for the patient, and propofol was used to anesthetize the patient during the operation. The patient's surgery gradually took longer due to suspicion of malignancy in the urinary tract and bladder, and the surgeon extended the surgery almost every 15 minutes. Finally, the surgery was completed after nearly three hours, and despite the fact that the patient had not taken any special medicine except propofol an hour before the end of the operation, but when he woke up, he had difficulty breathing. Although the patient was completely relaxed with neostigmine and atropine, he had airway obstruction, especially in the upper part of the airway, just like asthma patients. Because the patient's breathing was severely disturbed, salbutamol spray, hydrocortisone ampoule (100 mg + 100 mg), aminophylline and finally epinephrine 5 micrograms were used for three doses, but the patient's breathing was still difficult and the patient had to be intubated after We received propofol and atracurium. After about 30 minutes passed and the conditions were suitable, we extubated the patient with special precautions and transferred him to the intensive care unit for recovery and for further assurance.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, long-term use of Laryngeal mask airway is associated with the occurrence of laryngospasm after surgery, which can be considered as a result of long-term stimulation of the upper airway by the Laryngeal mask airway.