Lasers in Medicine
Year:2023 | Volume:20 | Issue:3&4|Papers Count:5

Objective: The function and behavior of cells depend on gene expression, which is the main life process. However, gene expression models need to account for environmental factors better. This study introduces a new model that incorporates the effect of pH on gene expression regulation and control. Method: The model was applied to gene expression data. The system was analyzed using the multifractal spectrum, which captures the non-linearity of gene expression. Results: The analysis revealed that gene expression responds differently to acidic and alkaline pH. It also demonstrated that lower mRNA levels correspond to higher system stability. Conclusion: The cell's internal and external conditions were used to find the lowest and highest transcription levels.

Background: Nowadays, there is a specific focus on the skin health issue specifically about acute and chronic wounds repairment. Up to day, many efforts have been done and some solutions have been introduced to amelioration of cutaneous wounds. As one of the latest methods, extracellular vesicles such as exosomes presented to procedure of wound healing phases. Exosomes, the nanosized extracellular bilayer vesicles, secret from every cell type in body and could influence on many targeted cells via their cargo’s. So, they may be essential agents in various biological processes including Support the skin repairment. Because of blood importance in wound healing, in this study we reviewed the effects of blood cells derived exosome on chronic wound. Method: In order to obtain this information, all of articles related with exosomes derived from each of the blood cells are collected with a time limitation between 2005 to 2024years. Results: Overall, revealed that some exosomes secreted from some blood cells specially macrophages and platelets, can affect on wound healing and promote It, almost in earlier stages of wound incidence.

No Abstract

Viruses are sub-microscopic infectious agents that cause many diseases in humans, including several fatal infections that have emerged in the recent past. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral infections in the early stages is crucial in preventing the emergence of the pathogen. However, most of the currently available diagnostic methods are laborious, time-consuming, and less sensitive. On the other hand, the limited availability of antiviral treatments and the adverse effects associated with traditional antiviral drugs suggest the necessity of developing new therapeutic strategies to combat viral infections. In recent years, various types of nanomaterials have been investigated for the diagnosis and treatment of viral infections. In this review article, some of the nanotechnology-based approaches that have been developed for rapid and high-quality detection of viral infections, as well as antiviral therapeutic strategies related to nanomaterials, are also discussed with examples. Viral infections have emerged as a major threat to global health, especially in recent years. However, only a limited number of diagnostic tools and antiviral treatments are available to combat these viral infections. New approaches based on nanotechnology can provide a better platform for detecting viral infections in a short time with high sensitivity compared to existing viral detection methods. Also, nanomaterials may help overcome issues such as low solubility and bioavailability, rapid release, development of resistance, and adverse effects often associated with conventional antiviral therapies. Therefore, nanotechnology appears as a new and promising tool in the effective management of viral infections in future medicine.

Introduction: Optogenetic introduced in 2005, revolutionized biological research by enabling precise control of cellular activity through light-sensitive proteins. This technique essential in both fundamental and medical research, allows researchers to manipulate biological processes within cells with high accuracy. Optogenetics is a cutting-edge technique that uses specific wavelengths of light to control cellular activity by stimulating the expression of desired proteins in target cells. This method has significant applications, such as restoring vision in patients with retinal damage, even in advanced stages of the disease, by transferring genes to remaining retinal cells and inducing protein expression with light. Optogenetics also plays a crucial role in treating neurodegenerative diseases by regulating astrocyte and neuronal interactions. Additionally, this technology offers potential therapeutic approaches for various psychiatric disorders and advancements in cardiac research. Overall, optogenetics provides precise control over cellular processes, paving the way for innovative treatments and research in multiple biomedical fields. Method: The keywords was searched in PubMed and google scholar databases whit a time limit from year 2010 to 2023 and reviewed to find out the applications of optogenetics. Result: Optogenetics, using light-sensitive proteins to control cellular activity, revolutionizes biomedical research by restoring vision in retinal damage, advancing neuroscience, and aiding Alzheimer research. It is pivotal in cardiac research, enhances neurogenesis and functional recovery in neural stem cells, improves skeletal muscle function, and contributes to cancer research. This versatile technique enables precise manipulation of cellular processes, advancing understanding and treatment of complex diseases. Conclusion: Optogenetics is transforming biomedical research by allowing precise manipulation of cellular activities. It has major implications for treating neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, and metabolic disorders. This method holds potential for investigating synaptic circuits, advancing stem cell research, and creating new treatments for conditions like blindness, deafness, and urinary tract dysfunctions.