PAZHUHESHNAME-YE ZANAN (WOMEN’S STUDIES)
Year:2023 | Volume:14 | Issue:45|Papers Count:8

The first biography and written memoirs of Iranian women go back to the Qajar period. But so far, no research has been done on the content of these travelogues and the view of Qajar women is limited, general and sometimes exaggerated. The purpose of this research is to understand the view of Qajar women from the space and to read their experienced spaces in the context of patriarchal culture. The main question of the research is what aspects of architectural and city spaces are represented in the travelogues of women of the Qajar era. To answer this question, five travelogues of women of the Qajar era have been selected, and through their texts, how to describe and represent the city space and architectural space is discussed. The historical-interpretive research method and data collection method is documentary and library and thematic analysis method. The results show that the representation of the city and architecture in the travelogues of Qajar women includes a range of visual qualities to mental characteristics, and the personality of the narrator is effective in the quality of the description of the place, and despite the obstacles, they describe the details of the places as much as possible.

Rape is a sign of violence and serious harm to the victim. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the lived experience of female victims and using a qualitative method of phenomenology.. The participants, two groups of addicted and non-addicted women and a total of 11 people, were selected by targeted sampling available in Tehran. The data was collected by semi-structured interviews until data saturation and the validity of the research was based on matching the researcher's constructs empirically with the participants' constructs and reliability by controlling the reliability of the data and coding triangle. Data analysis was done by reducing meaningful statements to categories including 47 main concepts, 19 subcategories and 8 main categories and textual, structural description and interpretation. Psychological wounding was defined as the understanding of the issue and four categories, including broken family, rebelliousness and free relationships, addiction, social insecurity, factors influencing sexual assault. The victim's strategy is social silence and revenge, and the schema of psychological damage is forever imprinted on his mind and psyche. Speed in handling the punishment of criminals, preventive measures and community awareness, deterrent laws, policing measures and increasing monitoring devices and police patrols and city cameras are suggested.

According to some contracts and testaments attributed to the Sassanid kings that have been reached to us by historians of the Islamic period, the process of choosing a king was done by the king himself. Another method was reported in Tansar's letter to Gošnasb, in which there were permanent associations for the selection of the king, whose duty was to select the successor after the death of the king, which included Mobadān Mobad, Mahasht's secretaries (Head of secretaries), and Sepāhbod Sepahbazān (Commander-in-Chief of the Army). Until the translation of the Shapur I inscription on Zoroaster's Ka’ba, our knowledge about the women of the Sassanid court was limited to the information we had through the narrations of historians of the Islamic period. By translating Shapur's inscription, new dimensions of power, through noble women and their influence on the issue of succession and legitimacy of the first Sassanid kings, appeared for the researchers. In this research, our effort is to open the third side in the power triangle of the Sassanid period, which was the influential women of the court, with a descriptive-analytical method. Therefore, the status of noble women in the court of Sassanid kings from Ardashir I to Narseh (224-302 AD) and the position of noble women in the coming to power of the kings of this dynasty will be examined. Our case study among these women is “Šāpūrdoxtak ", the Bahram II’ wife and Bahram III’ mother, who was most likely chosen as the crown prince of the Sassanid king for a while.

Beauty especially for women,is important in the modern world.Physical identity in disabled people is different from others.The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the feminine identity and body image in blind girls.It follows qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method.The field of investigation was blind girls in Tehran.The participants were 19 students of Tehran University who were selected by available targeted sampling.The data were obtained through a semi-structured interview and analyzed by Colaizzian coding.According to the findings,female identity from the perspective of the participants includes three general categories:dimensions of femininity,femininity of the blind,and body image.Female identity has inner,physical and social dimensions.The femininity of the blind is formed in relation to social roles,communications,acceptability and social activity.In the attitudinal dimension of body image,attention to appearance and satisfaction with it were rated high in the participants.In the perceptual dimension,beauty was not recognized as a criterion of merit,except in short-term relationships.As a result of the findings,the female identity of blind girls is similar to others in the inner dimension; But visual impairment and its consequences have caused the female identity of blind girls to be formed in a physical and social dimension different from other girls and bring challenges for them.

In the interweaving of political and social affairs, social forces have joined the political arena. Women are one of the most important social forces that can be a subject in the field of politics and power. But the possibility or refusal of this feature is very much influenced by their mentality towards this field. The purpose of this article is to investigate how women perceive and understand the political issue and build political subjectivity from their perspective. For this purpose, the theme analysis method and individual interview technique (35 people) and focus groups (4 groups of four people) of Tehrani women aged 25 years and above and with a bachelor's degree or higher and were selected by purposive sampling method were used. became. According to the results of this article, in response to the first question, there are four themes of gender stuttering in the political sphere, tension in the political sphere, gender alienation in the political sphere, and aversion to morality in the political arena, and in response to the second question, there are four themes of the sterile presence of women in the field of power, women As the seat of power square, the rejection of femininity in political subjectivity and the coordinates of female politics were extracted. Also, the results of the research indicate three important points: 1. The political issue of gender in Iranian society is a function of the political issue in its social totality. 2. Due to the interweaving of the political and gender issues in women's experience, it is not possible to understand women's political activism without gender sensitivities. 3. The centrality of men in political experience leads to the rejection of women's issues and experience in political relationships and disputes, and discouragement and boredom of women from the political sphere.

The purpose of this research qualitative studies meta- synthesis related to hijab in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. The source of the research was from the 811 bases during the 1357- 1399 in two scientific sites. At first stage, 76 sources and in the second 53 sources were found based on content matching. The quality of the sources as well as the credibility and reliability of the findings were examined. As results, two general themes of "traditional hijab" and "modern hijab" were extracted. The traditional hijab was consisting of the characteristics, function and solutions to strengthen the hijab, the supporting arguments from religious teachings, the reasons for the tendency to wear, how to deal with non-observance of the hijab in order to strengthen the desire to wear The consequences of bad hijab and how to portray it in domestic websites compared to modern hijab, considering the meaning-making axes such as the meaning, shape, types of hijab, supporting arguments, the causes and contexts of bad hijab and how to deal with it, the status of the hijab and how to portray the hijab in Foreign sites were placed at two ends of a spectrum. In the light of existing relationships between their different levels, the "conceptual model of hijab" was abstracted.

Thinking about individual identity and the position of individuals and groups in political systems has long been of interest to different thinkers. Therefore, a right called "the right to difference" has been proposed, which is included in the scope of social justice and accordingly is included in the political arena. Communitarians and John Stuart Mill have a consensus on the "right to difference". This article, with an emphasis on gender, aims to analyze and compare these two thoughts. The question is, what is the difference between communitarians and Mill regarding identity and the right to difference? The answer is, the communitarians, under the influence of Aristotle's concept of practical wisdom, provide an understanding of the concept in the social context which guaranties a happy life. But John Stuart Mill, who defends the equality and rights of individuals in the context of differences, including women, is influenced by another understanding of the right to difference, which is derived from the "romanticism" of Rousseau and Herder. In addition, although it seems that Mill's view has some similarities with the communitarians, his attitude is not close to the communitarians’ thoughts, because these two attitudes organize their normative and meta-ethical concepts in different ways.

One of the important features of Iranian society is the mentality hybridization.Since the family is one of the most important social institutions affected by this multiplicity, the purpose of this essay is the sociological study of mentality hybridization in lived experience of family life of women.Considering the transformation process of the subject,Kristeva's theoretical approach was chosen as the theoretical paradigm.Participants included 15 married women who were selected purposefully.our approach in this article is the phenomenological approach and the method used based on this approach to the problem, is Paul Gee and Ruth Wodak discourse analysis method.in data description and segmentation phase, the statements of the interviewees were conceptualized in Paul Gee's linguistic actions,which were covered under the two functions of "family life"including economics and sex and in the interpretation phase, the deconstructions stage were reconstructed.We wanted to show the moments of confrontation and gap between the modern individual rational-oriented discourses and the traditional rational-oriented discourses that are intertwined in the woman mind in the family.The results showed that Iranian woman have dual encounters with the same issues in various functions of family life and the rational-logical and emotional-irrational mental worlds,though challenging and defying each other,coexist and form mentality hybridization.