JOURNAL OF URBAN SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY
Year:2022 | Volume:9 | Issue:2|Papers Count:14

Introduction: In urban environments, especially in city neighborhoods, factors such as broken windows, garbage on the streets, paintings on walls, abandoned buildings, and lack of street lighting, especially in the suburbs of the city, lead to the creation of an environment that promotes crime and delinquency and as a result the sense of security of the citizens is endangered. Data and Method: The type of research is applied and its statistical population is a combination of experts including informants, specialists and experts related to urban management in marginalized areas. The sample size was considered based on simple random sampling and Morgan's table of 299 households living in the marginal areas of Yazd city. Inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, multivariate analysis of variance) have been used in order to connect variables and answer the research questions. Results: The results of the network analysis model also show that the physical indicators including the narrow width of the passages, the age of the building, the presence of ruins, the area of ​​separate parts, the compatibility of uses, the provision of the required open space with a value of 0.196 have the greatest role in increasing the threat. In the psychological components of the environment including the lack of seclusion, lack of security and safety, and lack of access to public spaces and children's play spaces. Conclusion: In order to reduce the psychological vulnerability caused by the issues and problems of informal settlements, a settlement empowerment model has been formulated. In this model, in the first step, the issues and problems of the context related to psychology were investigated, in the second step, capacity measurement and planning were carried out, in the third step, the program was implemented to organize and reduce the psychological problems of the environment and In the fourth step, the feedback of the issues was investigated.

Introduction: Khalazir Jonuobi is one of the problematic areas of Tehran metropolis. This area has created many problems for the surrounding areas and even the metropolis of Tehran due to the accumulation of disturbing urban jobs. The purpose of this study is to identify the main stakeholders, analyze the desire and power of stakeholders, identify the needs and desires of stakeholders and analyze the social network of stakeholders. Data and Method: The research method in this research is a combination (qualitative and quantitative) with emphasis on qualitative method and a combination of quantitative data. Research data were collected through interviews with relevant stakeholders. Data analysis was performed using the power-matrix matrix and NodeXL software. Results: The findings show that the : Khalazir issue has 16 main stakeholders who have different wants and needs. The research results also indicate that the municipality of District 19, the endowment of Marvi school, local people and Tehran Industries and Jobs Organization Company have the most power. Other results show that Tehran City Renovation Organization, Deputy of Urban Services and Environment of Tehran District 19 Municipality, Deputy of Urban Planning and Architecture of Tehran Municipality, Deputy of Urban Services and Environment of Tehran Municipality have the most power in the social network of stakeholders. Conclusion: In general, The results show that all stakeholders have a desire to solve the problem. But in terms of power, the amount of power of all the stakeholders is not the same. Any actions should be started through these stakeholders.

Introduction: The issue of poverty is not only one of the most important issues in the world, but also one of the most important internal issues and problems of all societies, both rich and poor. Urban poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and urban dwellers suffer due to many deprivations, including lack of access to employment opportunities, lack of adequate housing and infrastructure, lack of social security, and lack of access to health, education, and personal security. In the meantime, it seems necessary to have a comprehensive study on poverty that includes a detailed analysis of its positive factors. For this purpose, the present study has been compiled with the aim of investigating and measuring the factors affecting the emergence of the phenomenon of urban poverty in the metropolis of Ahvaz. Data and Method: This research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. In this study, urban poverty in the form of five dimensions of economic, socio-cultural, managerial, physical infrastructure and environmental-geographical in the form of 36 indicators have been studied. Results: The results of this study indicate this, In the economic dimension, the biggest impact was the lack of jobs and stable income with an average of 4/09, In the socio-cultural dimension, the lack of women''''s participation in decision-making, with an average of 3/08, had the greatest impact, Also, in the managerial-institutional dimension, the most affected urban poverty in the metropolis of Ahvaz from the factor of sanctions, with an average of 3, had a positive and significant effect. The phenomenon of urban poverty from the point of view of physical and infrastructural indicators has been most affected by the lack of infrastructure of cultural activities, marginalization with an average of 3.07 and 3, respectively. The last component of the factors affecting the urban poverty pattern that is addressed in this study is environmental-geographical factors The components of the imposed war situation and the special situation of the region with an average of 4.5, and 3, respectively, had the greatest impact on the existence of urban poverty in the metropolis of Ahvaz. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the questionnaire show that the majority of residents of Ahvaz are in poor economic condition. As well as the problem of unemployment and marginalization in this city, it is considered as one of the main causes of poverty and poverty development.

Introduction: The need to investigate urban issues in a systematic way, connected to socio-economic fields, is one of the main tasks of urban planning. One of the fields that needs this type of analysis is the field of inefficiency and urban decay, which has been studied and investigated mainly in the form of inefficient and isolated urban textures. In this regard, the lack of recognition of the process of urban decay has made urban plans ineffective in many cases. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the factors and results of urban decay in Iran, and to identify the trends of urban decay. Data and Method: A quantitative method has been used for this research. The statistical sample equals 10 experts in the field of urban studies. Two models MicMac and ScenarioWizard have been used. The first model is used to identify the influential factors and the second model is used to predict the future trends of the explanatory indicators of urban decay in Iran. Results: 45 indicators related to urban decay were compared. The causal cases were identified. Finally, it was found that widespread financial corruption, distribution of rents from oil (subsidized) revenues, non-integrated urban management, distribution of rents for jobs and government positions, influence of state-government institutions in the creation and joining of new areas to cities are the most causal factors of urban decay. Based on future trend analysis 8 scenarios imply on urban decay with higher rate and 14 scenarios urban decay will continue with current rate. Conclusion: Paying attention to the results obtained in this research will be efficient for decision makers of macro planning and urban planning at the national and regional levels.

Introduction: Like many cities in the country, the city of Shirvan is facing issues that have made the social security of citizens and especially women a problem. In order to solve these issues, it is necessary to specifically identify the different aspects of security from the perspective of women and plan for its correction. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know the situation of Shirvan city in terms of women's security indicators, to identify the most important factors that reduce women's security in this city and to provide suitable solutions. Data and Method: The article is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The data was obtained by distributing a questionnaire among 384 women in Shirvan city. The results were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS environment. Results: The average of seven dimensions is lower than 3. Examining the Spearman correlation coefficient shows that the relationship between quality of life and accessibility, behavioral and cultural-social dimension, urban management and urban furniture dimension, spatial and physical dimension has a medium and positive correlation and these relationships are significant. In the exploratory factor analysis, 15 factors were identified which are the basis of 59 research variables. The final 15 extracted factors were able to explain 65.82% of the variance of all research variables. Conclusion: In general, the situation of women's security indicators in Shirvan city is not favorable. Also, physical factors and urban furniture are the most important factors in reducing women's security in the urban spaces of Shirvan, and it is necessary to pay special attention to urban managers in order to improve women's security in urban spaces. There are many unsafe spaces in the city of Shirvan, which the majority of the women in this city are aware of, and they pay special attention to these spaces from the city officials.

Introduction: Identifying the behavior of tourists and explaining the behavior of the researchers has been one of the important topics of tourism, and the current goal is to evaluate the factors on the behavior of domestic and foreign tourists of Mashhad with the geographical region.Data and method: This research is a descriptive-analytical survey with the aim of developing the regulation and information in the field and using a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistically, there are domestic and foreign tourists, and based on the recorded statistics, the number of incoming tourists in 2018 was 22,025,167 and the number of foreign tourists was 1,239,926. According to Cochran's formula, there were 384 Iranians people as a statistical sample for tourists and 384 people were obtained as a sample of foreign tourists’ statistics and were distributed among the statistical population through random sampling method. Results: According to the findings of the questionnaires, it was found that the behavior pattern of tourists shows that foreign tourists travel a greater distance from Razavi Holy Shrine (65 km) for tourism elements available around Mashhad city. Therefore, their behavioral pattern is scattered. This is while domestic tourists are mostly located around the Holy Shrine and up to a radius of 30 kilometers from the Razavi Shrine, and their behavioral pattern is clustered around the Shrine of Imam Reza (A.S.).Conclusion: The results obtained from the analysis of the questionnaires were determined; the economic factor with an average of 3.7 has the greatest impact on the behavior patterns of tourists, and the environmental factor with an average of 2.7 has the lowest value, and among the factors affecting the spatial behavior patterns of foreign tourists, the highest average is related to the socio-cultural factor with 3.3 and the lowest is related to the physical-infrastructural factor with 2.09.

Introduction: The feeling of material and spiritual separation of a person from the space of a city determines his alienation from the urban space. The feeling of alienation in the urban space can be a result of place attachment, urban vitality and even the safety and livability of the city.  Data and method: In this quantitative research, the causal structure of the feeling of alienation in the urban space and the difference of this feeling in the gender of men and women were investigated with a sample of 480 people collected from Ahvaz. Structural equation modeling and multi-group differences modeling have been used for data analysis. Results: urban vibrancy, urban security and livability are the most important factors that directly and indirectly affect the feeling of alienation in the urban space, although this causality is moderated by place attachment. The causal structural model of the feeling of alienation in the urban space works differently between men and women. Conclusion: The effectiveness of women's feeling of alienation in urban space is more than men's from all three factors of livability, security and vitality of the city. Physiological structure of women, their feelings and abilities, male policies of the city, lack of fit of urban spaces with women's gender, abandoned and anxiety-provoking spaces have played an important role in intensifying this relationship. Also, from the point of view of the Ahvaz citizens, the spaces that induce the greatest alienation feeling are located in the center, west and southwest areas and the least in the north area of Ahvaz.  For this reason, urban designers' attention to spaces, the space function, the ability and limitations of people, and most importantly their gender, can reduce the alienation feeling in the urban space.

Introduction: The complexity and multidimensionality of urban problems and issues, along with the rapid growth of technology and the globalization of production patterns, have increased, and the instability of conditions and the possibility of various futures have made it difficult to make decisions and plan regarding urban issues. In such a situation, sustainable urban regeneration with a forward-looking approach can be a solution to the problems of inefficient urban tissues and especially historical tissues. Data and Method: In terms of practical purpose, the current research is based on the new methods of future research, analytical and exploratory science, which was carried out by applying a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. Research data has been collected using the survey method and cross-effects matrix. The exploratory analysis of the matrix of cross effects has been done using Micmac software. Results: Based on the diagram and dispersion of the variables on the map, the variables of this research are divided into five categories of influential input variables, two-way variables of risk and goal, and dependent variables and independent variables. Based on the intensity of influence and direct and indirect influence of the variables, finally, 9 key drivers were identified as the main factors of re-creating the historical context of Kerman city, which are the two-faceted and influential variables. Conclusion: The key drivers of re-creating the historical context of Kerman city are: preserving the originality of the design and effect, creating an integrated management of the historical context, reusing the building and modernizing the uses, functional diversity and creating vitality, creating legal and legal instruments, people's participation. and the private sector in the process of regeneration, paying subsidies and bank facilities and creating tax exemptions, a comprehensive model of planning and management and the role of culture and cultural industries in regeneration.

Introduction: The excessive and incorrect use of existing natural resources requires increasing the evaluation of the components of the resources and examining the changes that have happened in the past. Therefore, detecting and predicting changes is necessary to take care of an ecosystem, especially in areas with rapid and often unplanned changes in developing countries. Data and Method: The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. And using visual and drawing techniques, the images of TM Landsat 5 sensors in 1998, 1992, 1986, ETM+ Landsat 7 in 2010, 2004 and OLI Landsat 8 sensor in 2016 have been used. In addition, the digital maps of the region were used to check the geometric correction of the images and also as auxiliary data in the interpretation of the images and prediction of changes. After confirming the geometric and radiometric quality of the images according to the characteristics of the region, the existing land uses were classified by the method of integrated interpretation of the images of all six time periods into four classes of urban areas, pistachio orchards, barren lands and salt fields using the maximum probability method, And after validation, the average accuracy of Kappa was 83% and the average overall accuracy was 89% for the six land use maps produced. Results: The land use maps produced from the classification and predicted from the models in 2016, 2010, 2004, 1998 were compared and their accuracy was evaluated using the Kappa index. The results showed that the average kappa accuracy for the neural network model was 76%. Conclusion: It shows the coordination between the amount and location of actual and predicted changes, and as a result, the relatively good performance of the LCM program in predicting land use changes.

Introduction: one of the human social problems in modern times is the lack of identity especially facing modern architecture. Contrary to modern architecture, the cities' traditional architecture creates a sense of "being" in the viewers. This study aims to investigate the role of the multisensory space of the Kerman traditional market as a sample of the traditional architecture in forming the identity in the process of the viewer's perception. Data and Method:  The present study is applied and descriptive-analytical. At first, the assessable indicators are obtained by the text content analysis, and then examined in GIS software with the IDW method. The logical reasoning method is used to infer the outputs of GIS and SPSS. Results: By comparing the multisensory spaces of the Kerman traditional market through the GIS map layouts, which show the zoning of the intensity distribution of the sensory landscapes in the traditional market, it is figured out that the weight and intensity of the sensory landscapes (environmental-perceptional components) are different from the viewers’ point of view and taste-smell landscape has the greatest intensity and vision landscape along with tactile landscape have the lowest intensity. Conclusion:Multisensory space and multifunctional space of the Kerman traditional market results in the formation of the identity of the traditional market through sensory synergy for intensification of the environmental-perceptional components in the process of multisensory perception and on the other hand, increases the individual’s social identity in this type of architecture. This is due to the special physical-functional-social features of the Kerman traditional market and the systematic structure of this market.

Introduction: The fabric of historical neighborhoods in the middle of the structure of today's cities is a symbol of the city as a whole and its identity. Protecting these areas can be effective in promoting cultural diversity and fighting poverty, and bring cultural identity and quality of life to city residents. The preservation of old buildings cannot be separated from the local population that gives meaning to those historic areas. The inhabitants of historical contexts should be aware of the quality of their living conditions and encourage them to transfer their valuable identity to future generations. The new functions of contemporary cities and towns must be compatible with the old functions. Therefore, this lack of harmony between the texture of old neighborhoods and the type of social structure is one of the most important urban issues in dealing with historical textures. the existence of social problems whose origin is the way managers deal with historical contexts; It is the main subject of this research. The purpose of this research is to deal with the social damages of this part of the historical context of Kerman city, considering its connection to the living contemporary urban context. Data and Method: The research is of a descriptive-analytical type and has been implemented using the citation method. According to the field information collected in the field of physical and social system, the problems have been categorized and analyzed in the context of the market complex around Kerman Citadel Square as the central core of the historical context. Results: The context of Qala Mahmoud neighborhood, located in the southern part of Arg square, had non-native and immigrant inhabitants, which, unfortunately, has been abandoned due to the negligence of the authorities and of course the lack of awareness of the people, and has become one of the gathering places for drug addicts and Afghan immigrants. Also, the order of the market, which is almost inactive, is affected by this social context. Conclusion: Finally, it was stated that physical, economic, social and cultural problems have an effect on each other and cannot be seen separately. Especially in the context of this neighborhood, where part of the neighborhood is active only during the day, and this has caused the lack of harmony between the body structure and the social system.

Introduction: The 12 District population is equivalent to 17.5 percent of the Tehran population total and covers 2.7 percent of the Tehran area total; However, 32.9 percent of Tehran's crimes was committed in 12 District. The purpose of the present research is causes explanation of Hot-spot crimes formation in Tehran Metropolitan 12 District based on location deviation theory components (poverty, worn texture, density, and land use and population fluidity). Data and Method: This article is an applied and descriptive-analytic one. Graphical statistical models have been used to spatial patterns identification of crime distribution in the city. For the data analysis, has used graphic-based statistical methods in GIS and T-statistics and Arc / GIS and SPSS software. Results: Crime concentration has happened in the Arg Pamenar, Ferdowsi-Laleh Zar, Baharestani Saadi, Mokhtari Takhty, Jaleh Absardar Qayyam, Kowsar, Gushesh Shoosh and Siruszones. The crimes percentage highest occurred in worn out blocks of 60-40 percent, 80-60 percent, 100-80 percent. The crime rates highest were in commercial use (55 percent of total crimes), residential (21.07 percent), services (9.22 percent), industrial and workshop (6.96 percent). The population fluidity of the night (240 thousand people) and the day (2 million people) has caused the phenomenon of night-life and urban crime. Conclusion: Based on the one-sample t-test, the significance value of the research components is less than 0.05. The inadequacy of the components of poverty, burnout, density, land use and population fluidity (less than 3) has been confirmed due to the negative t-statistics, high and low limits and low average in region 12.

Introduction: The green economy is one of the most important manifestations of the integration of economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and without it, sustainable development will not be achieved. The purpose of this article is to identify the components and constructive indicators of the green economy in conjunction with the reduction of urban poverty in Mashhad. Data and Method: This research, in terms of method, is apart from quantitative-qualitative research, in terms of purpose, it is apart from applied research, and in terms of nature, it is among descriptive and analytical research. In the first step, by using the information of the statistical blocks of the Statistics Center for the city of Mashhad in 2016, it has been done to identify urban poverty areas using spatial analysis in the GIS software environment. Then, in the identified poverty areas, the effect of green economy indicators on reducing urban poverty was investigated and analyzed using Pearson's correlation tests and regression of the indicators. Results: The findings of this analysis show that the components of the green economy including access to resources, human capital, economic structure, green management, green investment, green jobs, and green transportation significantly explain the urban poverty of Mashhad, which amount It is equal to 87.3 percent. Conclusion: Considering that the components of the green economy significantly explain the urban poverty of Mashhad, necessary planning should be done in this case.In this research, solutions based on the green economy have been presented in order to reduce poverty in the poor areas of Mashhad city.

Introduction: In the collection of drug transit, pathology with an urban and regional approach has the highest importance. This is probably the reason why, from the point of view of sociologists, the harms of carrying, consuming and transiting drugs have a significant impact on the development and money laundering process and the improvement of the social and cultural level of the society. Therefore, in order to measure and evaluate the harms, the ways to deal with drug transit and to evaluate the success or failure rate in reducing the harms of drugs in urban and rural areas, a realistic view is needed.Data and Method. The current research is practical in terms of purpose and quantitative-qualitative in terms of method. In the qualitative part, information was collected by interviewing 30 experts of the anti-narcotics department in Kerman province. After determining the main indicators, the questionnaire was prepared. The statistical population of the quantitative part included all 690 experts from departments related to the fight against narcotics in Kerman province. The sample size was determined by using Morgan's table to be 274 people. Then the data was analyzed with the average method. The data test was done by spss version 25 software.Results: It shows that there is a significant relationship between transit and socio-urban and regional harms, and drug transit has the greatest impact, in order of increasing armed robbery with a beta coefficient of 0/701, increasing drug detections with a beta coefficient of 0/652, Increase in social damage with a beta coefficient of 0/510, increase in addiction with a beta coefficient, loss of human resources (martyrs and veterans) with a beta coefficient of 0/482, increase in addiction with a beta coefficient of 0/434, increase in all types of crimes (kidnapping, murder, armed robbery) (0/444) and increased the number of prisoners in the province with a beta coefficient of 0/401.Conclusion: The cities located on the drug transit route of Kerman province are the most damaged. Among the cities of Kerman province, the southern cities include Kohnouj, Rudbar, Qaleganj, Manujan, Jiroft, Anbarabad, Faryab, and the eastern cities of Bam, Fahraj, Regan, and Narmashir. , the loss of manpower (martyrs and veterans), the increase of addiction in the urban area.