Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2024 | Volume:32 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

2Introduction: Today, cancer is known as one of the biggest public health problems and the second cause of death in the world, and due to its high prevalence, it is considered as one of the main health problems all over the world. There are many treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, to treat cancer in patients. Chemotherapy is actually the use of antineoplastic drugs alone or in combination with other drugs. Of course, these drugs can also damage the function of healthy cells and cause many side effects. Anthracyclines are one of the most widely class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and epirubicin are among the anthracycline drug group, the most widely used of which is doxorubicin, which causes cardiotoxicity in the patients undergoing chemotherapy, and unfortunately, there is no definite and reliable treatment for it. Various strategies have been used to reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin on non-target tissues, including the use of medicinal plants, diet and various types of long-term exercises with the aim of increasing tissue antioxidant levels. Therefore, determining the appropriate exercise and nutrition program considering the physical conditions for cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment is so important. Therefore, the current review study aimed to determine the effects of DOX cytotoxicity on heart tissue and the benefits of regular physical activity and curcumin supplementation were investigated and discussed. Conclusion: The use of curcumin with aerobic exercise is likely to be a potentially useful candidate to protect against the toxicity of blood cells caused by the drug doxorubicin, which is used to prevent the growth and progression of cancer cells in patients

2Introduction: Using the immune system responses opens new horizons for cancer treatment. Immune checkpoints are receptors on the surface of cells that prevent the immune response against self-antigens. Cancer cells overexpress these receptors to avoid the immune system's response against them. CTLA-4 and PDL-1/PD1 are examples of immune checkpoints that are expressed on breast cancer cells. PDL-1 expression on breast cancer cells is associated with larger size, progression, more differentiated tumor, which is inversely related to the patient's survival rate. But by inhibiting this pathway with drugs such as Atezolizumab or Ipilimumab, it is possible to inhibit the escape mechanism of tumor cells from the immune system. Conclusion: Medicines such as checkpoint inhibitors that activate the immune system to face tumors are a new way to help treat breast cancer. In cases where the usual treatment instructions do not have a suitable response, it is possible to improve the survival of patients by adding this family of drugs in the treatment process and considering the side effects as well as their effectiveness.

2Introduction: Impact of antioxidant supplements on the health of patients with Alzheimer’s disease has not yet been clearly defined. Given that no study has been conducted so far to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamins C and E on the expression of Carbonyl Protein (CP) and Heat Shock 70 (HSP70) genes in rats with Alzheimer’s, this study aims to investigate the effect of an eight-week supplementation of vitamins C and E on the expression of CP and HSP70 in the brain tissue of rats with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: In this experimental study, 28 rats with Alzheimer disease were injected with 10 mg/kg of trimethyltin and divided into four groups: patient control, sham (soluble vitamin E), Vitamin C, and Vitamin E (VE). Seven healthy rats were included in the control group to investigate the effects of disease induction on the variables under study. They were administered a daily supplement of 4 mg/kg of vitamin C and 30 mg/kg of vitamin E for eight weeks. After supplementation period, the groups were compared in terms of CP values and HSP70 gene expression. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 statistical software. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check normality of the finding distributions. Effect of vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance. Tukey's post hoc test was used to check the type of variable effects. A significant level of 0.05 was considered for all analyses. Results: Levels of carbonyl protein in both the vitamin C and vitamin E groups were significantly lower than those in the patient control group (P < 0.05). HSP70 levels in the vitamin C and E groups were significantly higher than those in the patient control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between vitamin C and E supplement groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that both vitamin C and E exhibit similar antioxidant and cellular protective effects in the brain tissue of mice with Alzheimer’s disease. Given the impact of vitamins C and E on reducing carbonyl protein levels and increasing HSP70 levels in the hippocampal tissue of rats, it is recommended to explore the effects of these vitamins on other neurodegenerative disorders in future studies.

2Introduction: The hospitals, as the most important organization providing healthcare services, need efficient and effective management more than any other organization.. Therefore، knowledge, skills, and capabilities of hospital managers should be given special attention، and one of these skills is financial knowledge and skill. Therefore، this research has been done with the aim of developing and validating a tool for measuring the knowledge and financial skills of hospital managers. Methods: The present combined study was conducted in 2022-2023. The research community included managers of educational and therapeutic hospitals, academic faculty members, and graduate students of accounting and financial management as financial experts (Delphi panel). Sampling started purposefully and continued until data saturation. To collect data, interviews, focused group discussions and questionnaires were used, and fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy AHP methods were used to analyze the data. Results: The important dimensions and components were determined according to the fuzzy Delphi method, including 8 dimensions and 23 indicators, and with the help of the AHP method, the weight of each dimension was determined. Then, 68 multiple choice questions related to each of the identified dimensions were designed based on interviews with experts. In the next step, through questionnaire and fuzzy Delphi technique, the opinion of experts was obtained about the questions raised, and finally 46 four-choice questions were compiled as a tool to measure the knowledge and financial skills of hospital managers. Conclusion: Hospitals are important parts of providing health services and considering the limited resources of the health sectors, proper allocation of resources, application of scientific management, correct and principled planning will be an important step in achieving the goals of the health system. A proper understanding of the principles of financial management and how to present financial information and how to share costs in hospitals help the managers of hospitals to have a dynamic picture of their activities and goals and to be able to make more informed decisions for the future.

2Introduction: Brain tumors are considered to be one of the most dangerous types of cancer, despite decades of research and treatment efforts. The activation of the telomerase enzyme is a critical factor in the immortality of these cells. Mutations in the promoter region of the TERT gene, particularly in the promoter hot spots, can influence the binding of activating transcription factors and inhibit the binding of negative regulatory factors of the TERT gene, ultimately regulating the gene's expression. This study aimed to identify and investigate the mutations of the TERT gene promoter region in glioblastoma, a malignant brain tumor, using bioinformatics. Methods: A study was conducted using the case-control method where 35 patients with glioblastoma multiform brain tumor were examined along with 40 people who were examined as control samples. In this research, the Touchdown PCR technique and direct DNA sequencing were used to detect mutations in the promoter region of the TERT gene in patients with glioblastoma. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses were conducted to investigate the pathogenic effect of nucleotide changes in this gene region. Results: In the core region of the TERT gene promoter, three-point mutations were identified (c.*146C>T، c.*144C>G and c.*143G>C). Two of these mutations were novel and have been observed for the first time in glioblastoma multiform. The remaining mutation was located in the promoter core's hot spot of the gene. This mutation was known as c.*146C>T. Conclusion: In this research, the harmful impact of TERT promoter region mutations as a biomarker for glioblastoma was examined. These findings suggest that mutations in regulatory regions, as well as coding sequences, could be significant contributory factors in the process of carcinogenesis.

2Introduction: Myokines are produced in response to contractions and mechanical stress caused by exercise and plays a key role in muscle regeneration or control of some diseases. The role of resistance training in the secretion of myokines has been less investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of resistance training on the expression of musclin, apelin and decorin genes in the soleus muscle of male Wistar rats. Methods: The present study was experimental. Sixteen 8-week-old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 223±16.99 grams were randomly divided into 2 groups of control (n=8) and resistance training (n=8). After familiarizing the animals with the laboratory environment and resistance training on the ladder, the rats in the resistance training group trained on the ladder for 4 weeks, 3 days per week. Expression values of musclin, apelin and decorin genes of soleus muscle were measured by RT-PCR method. To analyze the data, independent t test was used at the level of p<0.05 using SPSS version 16 statistical software. Results: The results of this study showed that performing 4 weeks of resistance training on a regular basis can significantly increase musclin (p=0.0004), apelin (p<0.0001) and decorin (p=0.0078) in the slow-twitch soleus muscle compared to the control group. Conclusion: It seems that doing resistance exercises regularly in a short period of time can significantly increase some myokines in slow-twitch muscles, which can have beneficial and preventive effects against lifestyle-related diseases.

2Introduction: The child's relationship with the dentist is the product of complex interactions between the patient, parents, and the dentist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence and parenting style on the child's dental anxiety and fear. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the patients aged 6 to 15 years with their parents who referred to Shahid Sadoughi Dental School in Yazd were selected through simple method. The MCDAS and CFSS-DS questionnaires were used to measure anxiety and fear, respectively, and the level of emotional intelligence and parenting style were measured by the Shering and Baumrind questionnaires, respectively. Data were analyzed via SPSS16, and T_Test, ANOVA were utilized. Results: Out of 120 participants, 39 were boys and 81 were girls. The mean age range of the children was 9.31 ± 2.46 years and parents' mean age was 37.60 ± 4.82. There was no significant relationship between parenting style and child's dental fear and anxiety (P=0.492 and P=0.769, respectively) and between parent's emotional intelligence and child's dental anxiety (P=0.053), but there was an inverse and significant relationship between parent's emotional intelligence and child's dental fear (r=0.274 and P=0.003). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the parenting style has no significant relationship with child's dental fear and anxiety and also the parent's emotional intelligence with the child's dental anxiety, but the parent's emotional intelligence has an inverse and significant relationship with the child's dental fear.

2Introduction: Nutritional interventions are one of the most effective methods of diabetes prevention and control. Along with usual treatments, camel milk has had positive effects on the blood sugar of diabetic patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of lactobacillus casei present in camel milk on the sugar and lipid profile of type 1 diabetic rats. Methods: This was of an intervention study and carried out by an experimental trial method. 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups of eight. After making diabetic, the rats were gavage with 2cc of the product prepared for each group every other day. Evaluations (weight, serum concentrations of glucose, FBS, urea, creatinine, uric acid, LDL, HDL, TG, cholesterol, as well as liver enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP) were performed after 30 days of receiving gavage. In order to analyze the data, SPSS16 software was used. Results: The mean weight and serum concentration of LDL in the treatment group with standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotics was significantly lower than the diabetic control group (P<0.05) and the mean HDL in the treatment group with standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotics was higher than the diabetic control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the native Lactobacillus casei probiotic group and the standard. Urea, uric acid, FBS, Cr, TG, cholesterol, AST, ALT and ALP was not significantly different between the standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotic group and the diabetic control one (P>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that lactobacillus casei probiotics from camel milk may be able to improve weight loss and improve lipid profile (increase in HDL, decrease in LDL and LDL/HDL ratio) in type 1 diabetic rats, which requires more extensive studies in this field.