Political Strategic Studies
Year:2017 | Volume:6 | Issue:21 (51) |Papers Count:9

Due to the integrity and divinity of the Islamic jurisprudence it plays a unique role in human life. However, there isn’t a practical and comprehensive model for the application of Islamic law in the political and social system. The importance of this matter moved the author of this paper to study the process of achieving jurisprudence doctrine of Imam Khomeini (RA). First, the jurisprudence system is analyzed with regard to the recognition at law and with emphasis on Imam Khomeini (RA) thoughts. Then three layers of jurisprudence, philosophy and mysticism, ethics and common law, are introduced and entitled: major jurisprudence, mediocre jurisprudence and minor jurisprudence. In fact, the system of jurisprudence, characterize theoretical framework. Later, the analytical framework of the doctrine, is explained as a good model to express the results of the first part in the form of instructions for governance. In this qualitative study, has been accomplished using documents and library resources.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between resoruce mobilization and the wining of a candidate in presedetial election according to resource mobilization theories. To do this, five hypotheses were formulated. The theoretical framework was based on different theories and models in election behaviors analysis. Three viewpoints were more outstanding than others including sociological pattern, political-psychological pattern and rational selection pattern.The main hypothesis was, “There is a significant relationship between mobilizing and allocating resources by candidates and their winnigs in the elections campaign”. Data were collected from library and other documents. Resources mobilization was the independent and campain wining was the dependent variables.Pearson correlation was utilized to find the relationship between the two variables. All five variables were reported to be highly correlated. To investigate the degree of the relationship between variables, regression test was used utilizing ENTER.Regression was indicative of the high correlation between variables (R=0.791). The regression index (R=0.625) showed a high variance of the dependent variable. Sixty three percent of election victory was predicted based on the regression line.In this study, the researchers attempted to present a model to explaion “how a candidate wins the election campaign?” with the aim to shed light on some aspects of explanation problems of Irans presidential and other elections.

Political violence is one of the social deficiencies which causes disorder and have been politician’s core of concentration. The present study examines the structural factors affecting the political orientation of violent behaviors among citizens of Zahedan. The ethnic-tribal issues have paved the way for insecurity and instability in the region. The cultural, ethnic, and religious similarity of the region to Afghanistan and Pakistan, as two troubled countries, has led to increased violence. The methodology used in this study is a survey method and data collected through questionnaires. The research population consisted of all the citizens of the city of Zahedan, a sample size of 384 were selected by cluster sampling. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between the sense of structural constraints and violent behaviors among citizens. Moreover, the sociological factors such as relative deprivation, tribalism, drug trafficking, foreign inhabitants, and foreign involvement in strengthening terrorist groups caused increased violence in this region.

This study tries to study the security threats of the Pakistani Salafists for national security of The Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of this paper is: regarding Deobandi and Wahhabi ideas of Pakistani Salafists which are basically anti- Shiite, what the threats of Salafist groups of Pakistan are for the national security of The Islamic Republic of Iran? And what aspects of the Islamic Republic of Iran's national security will be influenced by the threats of Pakistan's Salafist groups? The hypothesis of the research is: Salafism in Pakistan can pose threats to both hard and soft macro dimensions of national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Methodology in this article is descriptive-analytic.

The core Obama’s foreign policy, specifically in his second term, was to solve the country’s international crisis in the Middle East and also to solve Iran’s nuclear issue. White House, in harmony with Europe, tried hard to put pressure on Iran, taking advantage of sanctions to create and expand civil unrest in Iran in order to undermine legitimacy of the government. It is clear that the root of the Iranian-Western conflicts cannot be reduced to Iran’s nuclear program. In fact, religious ideology of Iran’s Islamic system is the main reason of this controversy. Meanwhile, presence of Israel in the region and the role of other countries specifically Arab countries should not be neglected. The hypothesis of this paper is: US foreign policy in Iran’s nuclear issue follows rational, organizational and bureaucratic models of decision making and orchestrated toward interaction of national interests.

The strategic alliance between Iran and Syria is considered as one of the longstanding regional alliances. However a very important point in the strategic relationship between the two countries is the tendency of Iran toward deepening its strategic relationship with Syria from 2003 to 2011; which started from U.S. invasion of Iraq until the outbreak of uprising in Syria in March 2011. This paper tries to answer this question: By comparison to 1979- 2003 period, why Iran was more determined to deepen its strategic ties to Syria from 2003 to 2011? Findings show that, systemic pressures including U.S unilateralism in the international system, occupation of Iraq by the U.S. in 2003 and Iran's nuclear issue have been essential variables in pushing Iran toward expansion of strategic ties with Syria from 2003 to 2011. However, these pressures and threats are interpreted through unit-level variables, especially the perceptions of elites from the international system in this period. The research methodology is descriptive-analytic based on qualitative method.

Variety of ethnic groups, different languages and cultural differences can cause conflicts and ethnic tensions in communities, but the emergence of an ethnic conflict depends on the government's approach in managing these diversity. One of the most important mechanisms for governments to manage ethnic diversity, language and cultural differences, is federalism. Federalism can be defined as decentralization and granting administrative autonomy to a Region in terms of geographic divisions. But federalism function to reduce ethnic conflicts, is not necessarily positive and can lead to deterioration in some cases. Accordingly, this study tries to analyze the impact of federalism on ethnic conflicts in Iraq. The research hypothesis is: through a process of creating bureaucratic structures, development of political parties and the recognition and acceptance of cultural differences, federalism can reduce sectarian violence and ethnic conflicts. The methodology of research is descriptive-explanatory.

Saudi Arabia's Regional Foreign Policy as an important player in the Middle East and the Arab world is affected by Middle East new changes, especially Iran's presence in Iraq. Most analyses about Saudi Arabia's Foreign Policy toward Iraq were formulated based on realistic approaches and less attention paid to the role of normative and identity elements. Taking advantage of the analytic method and constructivism theory of Foreign Policy, the present paper tries to answer this question: what is the role of identity elements in Saudi Arabia's foreign policy toward Iraq? The hypothesis of the paper is: the Saudi Arabia's foreign policy in Iraq can be explained based on its identity elements and material and tangible benefit. Findings of the paper illustrate that Saudi Arabia's Foreign Policy in Iraq in local and regional areas, actually composed of identity elements such as Arab identity, Wahhabi Islam, Saudi political system and material elements that has helped in its interventionist approach in order to change current situation and increased instability in Iraq.

Two years after the creation ISIS, the group moved towards Central Asia. This advancement raised many questions and worried analysts. This paper tries to answer the question that: What are the causes for the advancement of ISIS in Central Asia? The hypothesis of this paper is that some regional factors such as poverty, underdevelopment, political and economic instability, spread of extremism among some Muslims, rich mineral resources of this area, the two fundamentalist Muslim communities (Pakistan and Afghanistan) as the neighboring countries, Russian influence, the presence of Muslims in the West China (Xinjiang province) and most importantly ISIS strategy for Internationalization led to the advancement of this group in the region.