Hospital Practices and Research
Year:2023 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background: A comprehensive overview of ESKAPE pathogens, highlighting their antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the urgent need to address the clinical impact of these pathogens in bloodstream infections. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to observe the prevalence and trends of antibiotic susceptibility profiles of ESKAPE blood pathogens in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), providing valuable insights for improving patient care and infection control. Methods: A detailed description of our descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in various ICUs, including blood sample collection, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and data management and statistical analysis. Results: The findings of the present study reveal insight into the distribution of ESKAPE pathogens in different ICUs, with a focus on prevalence, age-specific variations, and antibiotic resistance patterns. Conclusion: A thorough discussion on the clinical implications of our results, emphasizing the high prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the concerning levels of antibiotic resistance observed.

Background: In recent years in Iran, several studies have examined the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions based on the second and third psychological waves on academic burnout. Objectives: The aim of this study was to integrate the results of these studies and compare the impact of these interventions on academic burnout. Methods: The research method is meta-analysis. The study population includes all scientific research articles published in Iran that have been performed in the field of effectiveness of second and third wave psychological interventions for academic burnout. The sample size includes scientific research articles that have been published between 2016 and 2021 and have the necessary conditions in terms of methodology. The research tool is a content analysis checklist by examining the magnitude of the effect of each of the second and third wave psychotherapies. The effect size scale was the mean difference and the statistical analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA-2). Results: The results showed that the average size of Cohen's effect in the second wave studies was d= 2.460 and in the third wave studies was d = 2.080 (p <0.01). According to Cohen's interpretation table means the size of the effect is large or high. Also, the results did not show a significant difference between the effect size of second wave studies and third wave studies (p >0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that based on the results of this meta-analysis, therapeutic interventions based on the second and third psychological waves is effective in improving the learners' academic burnout.

Background: Craniosynostosis, is defined as the premature fusion of the cranial sutures, which can cause impair brain development and cognitive problems. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiological features of children with craniosynostosis. This assessment includes the characteristics of the patients, their parents as well as their socioeconomic status. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from 2015 to 2020 in Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. For this purpose, 220 patients under craniosynostosis treatment were included. Accordingly, multidisciplinary team examined the participants. Furthermore, a CT-scan was performed on all patients. Participants underwent surgical intervention. The recorded information was classified into four sections: 1. characteristic data of children with craniosynostosis 2. Family history and parental information, including underlying diseases and drug history 3. Socioeconomic status 4. Treatment and surgery. Results: According to findings, 151 (68.7 %) of participants were male and 171 (77.9%) had term delivery.  The average birth weight was 2.92 kg and head circumference were 34.4 cm. The mean age of children at the time of surgery was 7.74 months and the mortality rate was 3 (1.4%). Moreover, 90% were operated once and 10% were operated two or three times. The most common type of craniosynostosis was Metopic 59 (59.4%). In relation to parenteral data, 96 (43.6%) of parents had consanguineous marriage and 6.4% had 1st and 2nd degree family with craniosynostosis. Conclusion: To coclude, attention must be directed towards the potential risk of craniosynostosis in offspring born to consanguineous couples. Moreover, parents must receive guidelines for managing children affected by craniosynostosis.

Background: Resilience refers to human ability for adapting to disasters, traumas, pain, and suffering from important troubles and stressors in life. Objectives: Regarding the fact that people are continuously exposed to various physical and mental health traumatic stimuli, this study aimed to investigate the resilience correlations in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers. Methods: The study was descriptive-correlation which examined 15 individuals for each scale and subscale. Therefore, 150 EMS workers were selected for this study. Results: All four variables, including resilience, self-control, problem-solving style, and self-compassion, were above average. Resilience had a positive and significant correlation with self-control, problem-solving, creativity, confidence in problem-solving, and tendency (a subscale of problem-solving). Self-control had a positive and significant correlation with self-compassion. The final model was as resilience = 0.454 + 41.317 [15.941+ 0.622 (self-compassion)] + 3.453 (tendency) + 3.255 (creativity). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it is suggested to strengthen four variables of resilience, self-compassion, self-control, and problem-solving styles in the EMS personnel.

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is considered as a risk factor for several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of post-TBI PD. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on two groups of patients referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan in 2023. The first group consisted of patients who had suffered TBI 10 years ago. The second group included Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. Census sampling was performed in both groups based on the number of patients referred to the selected center. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS ver.22 and p<0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: Out of 1260 PD patients, 25 (1.98%) had TBI and out of 200 TBI patients, 2 (1%) had PD. There was a significant relationship between the severity of moderate TBI and the PD incidence in patients in both groups (first group p = 0.0001 and second group p = 0.002) (p <0.05). There was no significant relationship between the frequency of TBI and its mechanism with the PD incidence in both groups (p >0.05). The odd ratio of developing PD with a mean of 7 years after TBI diagnosis was 0.36, which increased to 1.42 with increasing the TBI duration to the mean age of 30 years. Conclusion: The findings of the present study confirmed the need for information on the treatment and prevention of post-TBI PD. It should be noted that other underlying factors such as aging, genetics, etc. can also be effective in the development of PD.

Background: Sodium disorders are one of the most important electrolyte disorders among brain trauma patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hyponatremia in patients with moderate and severe brain trauma and its relationship with disease prognosis. Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted on brain trauma patients visiting Kashani Hospital in Isfahan city in 2023. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS 24. Results: Out of the 54 examined (23 severe TBI and 31 moderate TBI) patients, hypernatremia was observed in seven cases (13%), and hyponatremia was observed in 23 cases (42.7%). Hyponatremia on the first day had a significant relationship with the bad prognosis of the disease. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the type of imaging findings and GOS, so that people who had ICH imaging findings were associated with a poorer prognosis p <0.05. Conclusion: On the first day, hyponatremia had a significant prevalence in moderate and severe brain trauma patients, which was associated with a bad prognosis of the disease, and this relationship is not dependent on factors such as age, gender, and cause of trauma.

Background: During disasters, hospitals play a key role in providing quality and appropriate medical services to increase resilience. Objectives: This study was carried out with the aim of determining the response rate of the emergency department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hospitals to the Corona pandemic in 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted in educational-therapeutic hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, 230 senior and middle managers, emergency department nurses and emergency medicine specialists participated in this study. Hospitals were placed in two categories: special centers for COVID-19 (3 hospitals) and other educational and medical centers (general and specialized centers) (8 hospitals). The information was collected by the hospital readiness assessment checklist (2020) for the management of infectious disease epidemic crisis based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization for the response of hospitals to the COVID-19. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 22 and analyzed. Results: Findings of this study showed that the readiness of hospitals is at a good level (87%). The studied hospitals performed very well in items of support and management of financial resources, communication management, human resources management, diagnosis and management of patients, but in item of rapid identification and control and prevention of infection, they performed very poorly. The centers of COVID-19 scored higher than other educational-treatment centers, continuation of services and increased capacity, rapid identification, diagnosis, prevention and control of infection, which was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: Rapid identification of patients seems to be an important challenge in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The allocation of special hospitals for the care of COVID-19 patients is also effective in preparing them for the pandemic.

Background: Nurses play a vital role in healthcare, and their well-being directly impacts the quality of patient care they provide. However, the demanding nature of nursing work, characterized by long hours, shift work, and emotional strain, can affect their personal lives, including marital quality. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional empathy, alexithymia, and marital quality in nursing students in Ahvaz City and to predict marital quality based on emotional empathy and alexithymia. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all married nursing students at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2023. A sample of 204 married students was selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis. SPSS software v27 was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that emotional empathy had a positive and significant correlation with marital quality (p <0.001), and alexithymia had a negative and significant correlation with marital quality (p <0.001) in nursing students. The results of the simultaneous regression analysis showed that emotional empathy and alexithymia predicted 49% of the variance in marital quality. Conclusion: This study identifies emotional empathy and alexithymia as important factors in marital quality for nursing students. However, recognizing the complexity of marital satisfaction, the authors advocate for interventions that address these factors alongside other relevant contributors.