Political Strategic Studies
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:23 (53) |Papers Count:14

In this essay we put forward the STATECRAFT as a modern issue and at the same time we are trying to recognize its live questions and matters. So in this context for a first time we tried to study TARIKH_E_BEIHAQI as a mirror for princes' book and provided a new narration of this Iranian heritage with pragmatic approach of political agents. All of this for providing a primitive framework for a pattern of governing and statecraft which extracted from TARIKH_E_BEIHAQI with so mentioned political agents approach in three dimensions of believes , morals and actions of them. It is worth noting that these researchers have taken advantage of Grounded Theory as method of research for this study

The New political Systems seek mobilization and Maximizing political participation of their citizens. This process can strengthening the relationship between the political system and the people in order to facilitate the continuation of the political system, through obtaining political legitimacy of government. It is clear that in the Islamic political system the doctrine of “Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil " Plays a major role in political development, The Holy Quran, and Hadith Texts, and Article VIII of the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, are sources for this doctrine. Three spheres of People-people (Parallel)) People-rulers (Opposite Ascending) and Rulers – people (Opposite Descending) in these teachings are what distinguishes the religious democracy from liberal democracies. This paper tries to develop this hypothesis that the realm of people – rulers is forgotten in enforcing teachings or Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil. Therefore, this paper relying on interpretive method and with taking advantage of the use of theory of religious democracy concludes that the revival of the third realm needs to log in the political culture of the Muslim community among people, intellectuals, and Political elites.

By examining different schools of political development, we can say that one-dimensional and totally materialist attitude to man based on the principle of humanism is one of the most important ones. In this sense, political development, religion, and moral propositions are eliminated as a barrier to political development, and this become a very material and universal meaning. But in Islamic thought, the ultimate goal of political progress is the achievement of mankind for the ultimate perfection and perfection of the Islamic caliphate of Allah. Meanwhile, in addition to arranging the world of their worlds as best they can, they embark on the path to excellence and achieve divine glory. The achievement of this important goal is the foundation of the human basis of political progress on Islamic teachings. In this paper, four of the foundations of the anthropology of political progress in Islam (empathy, authority, immortality, and human dignity) and their impact on political relations are analyzed.

Over the past two decades, climate change and rising water consumption have faced many of the world's regions with a freshwater crisis. The data available about our country, also due to the change in the climate and inefficiency of the current consumption pattern, suggests that the security of the country and hence the national security of the country will henceforth be linked to each other. However, our country has the capacity to reduce existing concerns in the management of consumption patterns. The Caspian Sea is one of these capacities. The present study is based on the assumption that using the reserve of the Caspian Sea could increase the country's water security. The methodology of research based on the argumentative approach and the research methodology has a descriptive-analytical character and its information has been gathered by a library method. The findings of the research showed that the favorable conditions of the geographical environment of the Caspian Sea, along with the water needs of the country, has made the use of this reservoir a strategic option. Active diplomacy, legal framework, the use of national security thinkers and environmental assessments are among the most important requirements for the use of the strategic reserve of the Caspian Sea.

Dependence of countries to each other has lots of effects in the Geopolitical weight and type of behavior. Relations between Iran and Azerbaijan, from the beginning of 1990, when the country gained its independence, faced with challenges. The Nakhichevan as part of the Azerbaijan Separated by Zangezurmargi corridor from motherland. After the Nagorno-Karabakh War, Iran has been the only way between Nakhichevan and Republic of Azerbaijan. Due to the many challenges and security relations between the governments of Azerbaijan and Iran over the years and also due to the lack of geographical continuity of the country with its exclave unit (Nakhichevan) that it is the biggest strategic problems of Nakhichevan, Which it can be used for dependence of Nakhichevan to Iran and changing the level of relations between two countries. The method research of this paper is descriptive-analytic and collecting data for this paper is based on using library resources and questionnaire for surveying and prioritizing of various variables in Political-security fields for increasing dependency of Nakhichevan to Iran. According to the results and the experts' views, Development of regional cooperation between border regions in northwestern of Iran, Nakhichevan, Trying to reduce the influence of regional power such as Turkey in Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan), Using of the same religion as a political factor for increasing level of relation, have been the most effective factors for increasing Nakhichevan's dependence on Iran in the political-security dimension.

On the 17th December 2014, the resumption of relations between US and Cuba became the most important political news during the past few decades in the world. Yet, some analysts say the detente model of US and Cuba is applicable to Iran-US relations. Similarities between Iran and Cuba such as the revolutionary governments, Anti-Americanism, being sanctioned by the US and many other similarities reinforces this proposition. Therefore, the present study has examined this possibility with the following question: Is it possible to use the détente model US - Cuba on US-Iran relations? It was found that due to some differences between Iran and Cuba at the systemic level, including the different regional pressures and at the unit level, such as different positions of the two countries in the international system, different perceptions of America among the leaders of the two countries, different relationship of the communities of the two countries with that’s of the US make is impossible to compare. Hence, it is not applicable to use Cuba-US detente model to Iran-US relations. The approach of this study is descriptive-analytical, the method is comparative and Data are collected through the library-based research method.

Islamic civilization in its early days detected identity barriers with disbelievers as outsiders. Meanwhile, it showed tolerant and moderate attitude toward them. This factor led to spiritual extension and Islam durability among the residents of the Islamic newly conquered regions. But as Islamic civilization grew weak, getting away from original Islam and facing with external and aggressive otherness like Moguls, Crusaders and also dominance of Turks Caliphate System, extension of classes racked from Islam and xenophobic attitude among Takfiri group become widespread. This approach targeted outsiders from the beginning and represented the strictest treatment to them; but through time by with diversification of the derivations in Islamic world, Takfirist grew hostile toward other Islamic sects. In this paper we try to explain background of otherness and excommunication in the Islam world. It is elucidated that at the beginning the range of atheism and other definition was so narrow and restricted to Combat Unbelievers, but along with development of Salafi thoughts and using external factors, not only it was extended but it was turned into a tool for eliminating rival identities.

Today, the Islamic world is faced with the emergence and growth of takfiri ideas; Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia, the SSP in Pakistan, Al-Qaeda in many parts of the Islamic world and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria recently split from al-Qaeda in Syria and Iraq have emerged. The findings of this research show that the Takfiri Groups that their most important achievement has been discrediting the concept of humanity are not new phenomenon. In fact, they are the contextual and theoretical continuation of the Kharijites. In the first decade of the emergence of Islam, three streams of Sunni, Shi'a and Kharijites were divided and this division still causes confrontation. Takfiri groups are similar to Kharijites in the both theoretical principles and context and backgrounds of emergence. Mass excommunication of others, ignoring the circumstances of time, resistance to diversity and change, following the tradition and lack of attention to rationalism, violence and an exclusive look to Monotheism are some of the their similarities. In this article the perspective of historical analysis and comparative methods used as methodological approach and the theory of Manuel Castells about identity of resistance and fundamentalism used as theoretical framework.

One of the most important issues in various areas of life is decision making. Although it is originated from strategic management but now it can be considered as a necessary part of the research in security studies. The study tries to analyze rational choice decision making theory and its flaws. According to the hypothesis of the study rational choice theory, faces many flaws because it is very hard to gather information needed for decision-makers, and the insurance needed to act. Moreover, the cost and benefit analysis for this kind of decision making force managers to reach maximum gain which is impossible in many circumstances. In security matters, mainly poor and invalid information makes decision makers to act on their instincts which is not possible according to rational choice model. This paper enjoys the descriptive- analytical methodology and the data gathered through library documents.

Salafi thoughts and the phenomenon of violent extremism are frequent subjects in political and international studies. A comprehensive study in the field of international relations that based on the interaction between structure and agency, can explain the issue. The main objective of this paper is to study the Salafi- Extremist Islam. Salafist- Extremist groups tend to perform violent struggle to gain power and overthrow governments in order to restore the Islamic caliphate. The main question of this article is that: how International System has affected Salafi- Extremist Islam, during the post-cold war era? Theoretical framework of this paper is Constructivism. Research method in qualitative content analysis. In this regard, we tried to analyze this extremist movement and show how the international system affected these groups.

In recent years we have witnessed lots of changes in the Middle East that have international aspects and influenced regional coalitions. The US-Saudi coalition is one of these regional coalition which has been the source of contradictions due to the world changes. In addition to the mentioned variables, the events of 11.9 which Saudi Arabia had been accused of, international variable which has influenced the relations between the two states and getting the case under reconsideration in the Congress has played a determinative role in intensifying the tensions between them. This article seeks to discuss the US foreign policy toward these changes which are originated from Middle East and the effects applied to the US-Saudi relations. The premise which is going to be considered on behalf of this issue is the US policies toward the changes and regional and trans-regional dynamics related to Middle East which resulted in divergence between the US-Saudi relations in 2010-2016 has distinguished its controversial aspects. The research method of this article is desk study-documentary method.

The process European integration has been continually faced with challenges and for this reason, an important part of the European Union (EU) member states' capabilities has manifested itself in the management of crises which have been related to factors and settings of the concept of disintegration. Meanwhile, the topic democratic deficit points to the existence of some deficiency and inability in the EU with regards to attracting broad and influential participation of all the member states and their citizens in decision making arena. For this reason, the above mentioned topic has encountered various interpretations and commentaries and even objections. The aim of this article is to study theoretical and practical dimensions of the concept democratic deficit and to answer the main question: What are the theoretical dimensions of the topic democratic deficit and how it influenced the process European integration? Emphasis would be on the following hypothesis: The subject of democratic deficit as a conceptual model in the realm of EU discussions has attracted a widespread domain of favorable and unfavorable viewpoints and has culminated divergent consequences like Brexit.

European Union crisis, especially (Greece, Ukraine, immigration and withdrawal of the Great Britain) cast light on the behavior and orientation of German foreign policy. Given the status of this country, it is expected that due to the economic and political growth of the country, it enjoys legitimacy to gain more active role in international relations and even took the leadership role in European Union. On one hand, the great powers consider Germany as a de facto leader of the EU because it has the largest economy in the European Union and respect Angela Merkel as a powerful leader, but on the other hand there are doubts about matters of responsibility in this country’s foreign policy. There has been a question about ambiguity of German foreign policy toward EU for many years. This paper tries to study this ambiguity through two important issues of the EU which are: withdrawal of the Great Britain and the issue of immigration.

Since Cold War era, Britain carried out its policies and objectives in regional and international arena under the security umbrella of the US. In this regard, decision-making and action of British authorities is formed in framework of the special relationship to cause reinforcement and continuation of the US dominance. Hence, this paper aims to answer the central question that: what is Britain's role in continuation of the Hegemonic System of the USA in the 21st century? Indeed, this article based on Hegemonic theory describes that UK role on the continuation of the dominance system of US is orchestrated through the separation of hard and soft areas. The result of this study indicates that London special relations with Washington led to facilitate political, military, economic and cultural purpose of the White House around the world and UK as a catalyst for American hard and soft measures, has tried to strengthen the domination of the US.