Ebnesina
Year:2024 | Volume:26 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

2Background and aims: Spiritual well-being stands out as a crucial element of human health that enhances an individual's adaptive capacity. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between spiritual health and self-efficacy among nursing students at a military university in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was carried out in the years 2022-23 at a military nursing school. A total of 220 undergraduate nursing students were selected through a census method, with 190 students ultimately participating in the study. Data were collected using an individual characteristics questionnaire, the Ellison and Paltzion Spiritual Health Questionnaire, and the Sherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Results: The average scores for spiritual health (75. 27±6. 72) and self-efficacy (47. 92±6. 5) among nursing students fell within the moderate range. A positive and statistically significant relationship was observed between the spiritual health and self-efficacy of nursing students (r=0. 313, p<0. 001). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between self-efficacy and both educational semester (r=0. 238, p=0. 001) and age (r=0. 248, p=0. 001). However, no significant relationship was identified between spiritual health and any of the students’ individual variables. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the significance of spiritual health in bolstering the self-efficacy of nursing students. It is therefore recommended to focus on promoting spiritual health among nursing students as a means to enhance their self-efficacy.

2Background and aims: Medical sciences universities grapple with high work pressure and the ongoing challenges posed by the pandemic. Addressing the need to bolster organizational adaptability and resilience in the face of these stressors, this study aimed to identify and forecast models that can enhance organizational resilience through a future research lens. Methods: This research follows a developmental-applicative objective by employing a mixed exploratory approach within a qualitative framework. The study's participants encompassed management science experts and senior managers from medical sciences universities, selected based on specific characteristics and criteria. A total of 26 individuals were chosen to form the expert group and Delphi panel using a non-probability targeted (judgmental) sampling method. Results: Through the Delphi technique and the assessment of various consensus indicators, the study proposes an organizational resilience model incorporating a future research perspective for medical sciences universities. The model comprises 14 dimensions and 71 components, with eight dimensions and 38 components focusing on assessing organizational resilience, and six dimensions and 33 components dedicated to evaluating future research aspects. Conclusion: The study advocates for officials and managers to use the model's components to enhance the resilience of medical sciences universities, particularly when adopting a future research-oriented approach.

2Background and aims: Nurses play a crucial role as one of the primary pillars of the healthcare system. The training of proficient nursing staff incurs significant costs for the healthcare system, and their departure leads to irreparable harm across various sectors of their home country. The purpose of this study was to determine and prioritize the factors affecting the migration of nurses based on the opinions of hospital managers. Methods: This quantitative study utilized hierarchical analysis through Expert Choice software to examine the perspectives of nursing managers from selected hospitals in Tehran, employing a census approach with a 95% participation rate. Results: Out of 57 participants, the psychological factor emerged as the most influential, with a weight value of 0. 746. Within the realm of psychological factors related to the country of origin, the absence of spiritual and psychological support in the workplace, with a weighted value of 0. 458, was singled out as the primary cause. Gender discrimination within the country of origin, carrying a weighted value of 0. 193, was highlighted as the foremost individual factor. Moreover, environmental factors in the destination country, with a weight value of 0. 765, outweighed those in the country of origin. Conclusion: Upon analysis of the data, psychological factors were identified as the top priority, followed by economic considerations. Thus, policymakers and managers are urged to implement innovative strategies, recognizing the importance of addressing both psychological well-being and economic stability.

2Background and aims: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of absenteeism and increased reliance on health insurance and healthcare services, impacting individuals' daily lives and overall quality of life. This study aimed to examine the impacts of aquatic open and closed kinetic chain exercises on psychological factors, pain, and lumbo-pelvic stability in men with non-specific CLBP. Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 60 men with non-specific CLBP (diagnosed by a specialist) were randomly assigned to three groups: closed chain exercises in water, open chain exercises in water, and a control group. The intervention groups followed a prescribed exercise regimen for eight weeks, with three sessions per week in the pool. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), lumbo-pelvic stability was measured with the Pressure Biofeedback Stability device, and psychological variables were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The ANCOVA test was used to compare post-test values among groups while controlling for pre-test effects. Results: Significant differences were observed between the control group and both the open chain and closed chain exercise groups in terms of pain, lumbo-pelvic stability, and psychological variables (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The implementation of open and closed chain exercise programs in aquatic environments proved effective in reducing pain among individuals with CLBP, also showing potential for improving lumbo-pelvic stability and psychological well-being. Hydrotherapy programs, as part of comprehensive rehabilitation strategies, may be beneficial for patients with CLBP.

2Background and aims: The thyroid, impacted by lifestyle factors like diet and physical activity, is crucial for overall health. Selenium, an essential antioxidant supplement, plays a key role in thyroid gland function. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of an eight-week moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) regimen and selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone levels, lipid profile, and overall quality of life (QOL) in women with hypothyroidism. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 46 women diagnosed with hypothyroidism were randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo, supplement-only, exercise plus supplement, and exercise plus placebo. Selenium supplementation dosage was set at 200 micrograms per day. MIIT program spanned eight weeks, with three sessions weekly lasting 20-30 minutes each, maintaining an intensity of 60-80% of the maximum heart rate. Pre-and post-intervention assessments included anthropometric measurements [weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage], QOL evaluations, thyroid hormone levels, lipid profile analysis, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: Significant interactions over time were observed within the groups, particularly in CRP levels, lipid profile parameters (excluding total cholesterol), thyroid hormone levels, QOL metrics, and some anthropometric indices (excluding WHR) (p=0. 001). Conclusion: The combination of MIIT and selenium supplementation demonstrated favorable outcomes, including reduced lipid profile levels, increased thyroid hormone levels, and enhanced QOL. This integrated approach shows promise in effectively enhancing thyroid function in women managing hypothyroidism.

2Background and aims: Various methods have been employed globally to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing COVID-19 infections requires further investigation. This study aimed to assess the impact of the national vaccination program on the trend of COVID-19 infections in Iran, utilizing an interrupted time series model from February 19, 2020, to March 20, 2022. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, we employed a regression method based on Newey's Ordinary Least Squares to analyze daily data on COVID-19 infections in Iran, applying the interrupted time series model. Results: The daily trends of COVID-19 infections were analyzed on two specific dates: September 23, 2021, and November 22, 2021. Prior to the implementation of the vaccination program, the trend of new cases was on the rise on both dates (p<0. 0001). However, following the intervention, there was a statistically significant decrease in new cases (p<0. 0001). Conclusion: National vaccination campaigns against COVID-19 have significantly contributed to reducing the incidence of the disease. It is crucial to continue these vaccination efforts to control the spread of COVID-19.

2Background and aims: Adipokines have recently emerged as potential biomarkers for diabetes management. Given the presence of various cathepsins in adipose tissue, the identification of these enzymes in the context of obesity and diabetes has garnered significant attention. This study aimed to compare the alterations in serum cathepsin levels and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) following aerobic and resistance training in men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 29 men aged between 25 and 45 with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to three groups: aerobic training, resistance training, and a control group. The participants underwent aerobic training (at 55-75% of their maximum heart rate) or resistance training (at 55-75% of their one-repetition maximum) three times a week for 10 weeks. Serum levels of cathepsins K, L, and S, along with HbA1c percentages, were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Both the aerobic and resistance training groups exhibited significant decreases in the serum levels of cathepsins K, L, and S, as well as HbA1c, in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). However, no notable differences were observed between the two training modalities. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both aerobic and resistance training are equally effective in mitigating diabetes-related risks by reducing cathepsin levels and HbA1c concentrations.

2Background and aims: The militaries has historically played a crucial role in addressing the disasters in the countries of the world. This study aimed to examine the involvement of armed forces in health management and disaster response. Methods: This field study comprised five phases: formulating the research question, defining the study parameters, selecting relevant research, analyzing the data, and summarizing the findings. We conducted a literature search for articles published between 1980 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and other gray literature. The search focused on titles, abstracts, and keywords. Results: A total of 22, 518 studies were identified from scientific databases, along with 62 studies from other sources. After removing duplicates, 6, 348 studies remained. Of these, 38 studies were deemed relevant to the research purpose, ultimately resulting in the selection of 8 studies for the final analysis. The Army Health and Treatment System encompasses various activities during disasters, including Factors, Scope, Preparedness, Response, Responsibility, Evacuation of the Wounded, Rescue and Referral System. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the role of the military in managing health and disaster response is essential. Moreover, the capacities of the army can be leveraged for more effective disaster management.

2Background and aims: The consequences of medical errors can be severe, with even seemingly simple mistakes potentially leading to extended hospital stays, health complications, disability, or even death for one or more individuals. Consequently, this review study was conducted to elucidate the dimensions and components influencing the prediction and reduction of human error, utilizing the systematic human error prediction approach (SHERPA). Methods: This review study involved an electronic search for relevant scientific documents in both Persian and English, using keywords such as "SHERPA technique," "human error prediction," and "human errors in hospitals." A total of six studies were ultimately reviewed. Results: The results indicated that most errors in healthcare settings were related to the type of “action”, while the fewest errors occurred in the category of “selection”. In assessing risk severity across all studies, errors categorized as having unacceptable risk levels were the least frequent, whereas those with undesirable risk severity were the most common. Conclusion: The SHERPA technique is an effective method for identifying human errors in the medical field, as it accurately determines the causes, consequences, and risk levels associated with potential errors. Given that performance errors accounted for the highest portion of incidents and had the greatest prevalence of both unacceptable and undesirable risk, prioritizing these errors in the development of control programs is essential.

No abstract available