Religion and Health
Year:2023 | Volume:11 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

2Context and Objectives: Adolescence stands out as a critical phase marked by intricate psychological and physiological shifts, often leading to unstable mental states and subsequent behavioral challenges. This study aimed to explore the impact of instruction in religious coping strategies on the overall well-being and regulation of behavioral inhibition and activation systems among adolescent girls struggling with behavioral difficulties. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study utilized a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research encompassed adolescent girls facing behavioral issues who sought guidance from the Counseling Center of the Ministry of Education in District 6 of Mashhad during the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample included 24 students exhibiting behavioral struggles, identified through higher scores on the parent version of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Random selection formed two groups, each consisting of 12 cases. The experimental group partook in an 8-week program focused on religious coping skills. Data collection involved the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems Scale (BIS/BAS). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) using descriptive metrics and univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The findings revealed significant enhancements induced by religious coping skills training. Significant increases were observed in the overall general health factor (0.88) in the anxiety and social functioning scale (highest increase), as well as the behavioral inhibition/activation systems factor in response to the reward scale(0.80), all at a significance level of P < 0.001. Conclusion: The outcomes underscore the efficacy of religious coping skills in fostering enhanced overall health and augmenting the regulation of behavioral inhibition/activation systems for adolescent girls facing behavioral challenges. Consequently, it is recommended that counselors incorporate religious coping techniques into their strategies when working with adolescents.

2Background and purpose: Proper provision of students' spiritual needs provides the basis for healthy and successful human development. Resilience is a variable that influences students' health and helps them adapt to people's problems. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual needs and resilience in nursing students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted based on a descriptive correlational design, and the statistical population included all nursing students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. A total of 175 students were included in the study by random sampling. The religious need scale and Connor and Davidson resilience scale were used for data collection. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 25) using descriptive and inferential statistics, independent t-tests, and analysis of variance. Results: The results of this research demonstrated that students' spiritual needs and resilience had a significant negative relationship (r=-0.5) (P=0.000). Moreover, regression analysis revealed that the need for spiritual safety, spiritual self-actualization, friendship with God, self-respect, and belonging to God, respectively, had the largest contribution to the prediction of resilience. Furthermore, 38.2% of students' resilience can be predicted from spiritual needs.  Conclusion: It is recommended to pay special attention to the spiritual needs of students in the nursing education system so that effective steps can be taken to increase the resilience of nursing students.

2The mutual influence of the body and the mind and the dependence of the health of one on the other is among the most important topics of attention in the Holy Quran, religious texts, and the six principles of Iranian medicine. The realization of this matter is the result of several factors which are related to the physical and mental dimensions of human beings. The Quran has provided various recommendations to remind to pay attention to the health of the body and soul, to maintain health, and to prevent diseases; in the same vein, the Iranian medical scholars proposed six principles that converge with Islamic teachings. The present study, using a descriptive and analytical method, aimed to investigate the mutual influence of physical and mental health in Islamic teachings and the six principles of Iranian medicine in the Quran, religious texts, and reference books of Iranian medicine. According to research findings in the Quran and Islamic teachings, nutrition, exercise, faith, Islam, marriage, prayer, and many other components have an effect on physical and mental health, and in Iranian medicine, the six principles of sleep and wakefulness, air, food and drinks, Movement and stillness, retention and vomiting, and emotional symptoms are considered to be the most important factors affecting physical and mental health. Iranian medical scholars by adhering to the verses of the Quran and traditions, put forward complete and comprehensive six principles to maintain health, prevent diseases, and improve lifestyle, which there may not be principles as comprehensive in other schools as this one, due to the fact that Islam is the most complete religion and it has given the best instructions.

2By studying "Kitab al-Ma'a" the enduring work by Abu Abdullah Muhammad Azdi, we find that this treatise is not just a medical encyclopedia based on medical prescriptions and the treatment of physical and mental diseases; rather, its admirable author, sometimes in the guise of a well-versed jurist, and a scholar of hadith, and a defender of the rights of the patient, created a work with  accumulated knowledge.Altough his work contains latest medical knowledge but he has provided medical references to verses and hadiths for better understanding. The current study aims to present some examples of  references to Quranic verses and hadiths, and  some insightful ethical and legal advices about patients rights in the work of this distinguished physician.The analysis of those advices  shows a combination of medical sciences and religious teachings in his work as a jurist and pious scholar. This research is a content analysis study in which the contents of "Kitab al-Ma'a" were studied and searched, and references to Quran and Hadith were extracted and analyzed. The findings of this research showed that Abu Abdullah Mohammad Azadi, as one of the most prominent doctors of his time, had a complete understanding of verses and traditions and used them to confirm his medical conclusions, emphasized on the observance of medical ethics, and insisted on observing medical ethics and the rights of patients.

2Background and objectives: Promoting the theoretical foundations of Islam has a role in determining the individual and social behavior of students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching general courses on the theoretical foundations of Islam on the religious identity and academic resilience of Sports Science students at Ilam University. Materials and Methods: The method of this study was a quasi-experimental type of pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all undergraduate students in the field of Sports Science at Ilam University, of whom 30 people were selected as the study sample and divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups using the available (non-probability) sampling method. Library and field methods were used to collect data. The library method was used to collect the background and theoretical foundations of the study, and two standard questionnaires, including Khoshavi’s Religious Identity (2012) and the Academic Resilience of Samuels and Woo, were used to collect data. Their validity and reliability were also confirmed. For data analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance statistical tests were used with SPSS software (version 24). Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups (at a 95% confidence level) after teaching general courses on the theoretical foundations of Islam regarding the variable of religious identity (sig=0.042, P≤0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the academic resilience variable (sig=0.095, P>0.05). Therefore, teaching general courses on the theoretical foundations of Islam has a direct and significant effect on the religious identity of Sports Science students, but it does not have a significant effect on their academic resilience. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that teaching general courses on the theoretical foundations of Islam has an effect on religious identity. Therefore, teaching these courses can improve students’ religious identity. Moreover, the cultural managers of universities can use this method of intervention in order to promote the religious identity of students.

2Background: Pregnancy is one of the most stressful periods in a woman's life. Several factors, such as spiritual health, can affect mothers' adaptation to these conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress during pregnancy and spiritual health. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on 352 eligible pregnant women referring to selected centers of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed via the convenience method and continued until data saturation. The information was collected by two questionnaires and a checklist, including a social personality checklist, Poltsen-Ellison spiritual health questionnaire, and Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ). The data were analyzed in SPSS  statistical software (version 25) using a linear regression test to examine the relationship between pregnancy stress and and spiritual health. Results: Based on the present findings, the mean age of participating women was 28.6±1.8 years, the spiritual health score was 104.3±14.9, and the pregnancy anxiety score was 37.2±20.8. The results of the ANOVA test demonstrated that spiritual health was correlated with the number of pregnancies (P=0.012). Pregnancy stress showed a significant relationship with gravida (P<0.001), parity (P<0.001), and the number of children (P<0.001). Moreover, based on the linear regression results, spiritual health (B=-0.216) had a significant relationship with stress and was a negative predictor. In other words, an increase of one score of spiritual health decreases stress by 0.302. Conclusion: Maternal health has been one of the most important health issues in countries. The present study confirmed the relationship between spiritual health and pregnancy stress. Accordingly, this experience can be used to help mothers manage pregnancy stress and anxiety.

2Background and objectives: With the epidemic of coronavirus, based on the content of some hadiths, including the famous hadith "La'Adwi", and combining and comparing it with some teachings of traditional medicine, some appearanceists declared that all diseases are non-contagion. This attitude was in opposition to modern medicine and in denial of the spread of infectious diseases, which resulted in non-observance of health issues and consequently led to the spread of the disease, increase in the costs of the health sector, and the negative view of researchers towards Islamic teachings. Materials and Methods: The current research was carried out using reliable library sources, related articles, and the content analysis method. This inferential study aimed to investigate “disease transmission from the viewpoint of medical jurisprudence and hadith" and then adapt the findings to new medical results. Results: Findings of the present research revealed that the superficial attitude towards the hadiths and its teachings is harmful, and the attitude towards the hadiths in this matter, including the hadith of La'Adawi, is controversial from the point of view of many scholars. Moreover, some of its narrators are unreliable and the fact that the source of this hadith is the Prophet of Islam is questionable. In terms of implication, in addition to its conflict with the facts of human experience in the medical field, there are many analyzes for it. Assuming the acceptance of the negation of the spread of the disease in this hadith, it should be said that only the transmission of a specific infectious disease such as "Scabies" in animals that was the subject of question in the hadith was denied. Conclusion: By taking into account the problems of authenticity, reliability, and the implication of the hadith concerning the non-transmission of the disease, as well as definivity of some hadiths regarding the possibility, existence, and spread of the disease, taking health care measures, quarantine, avoiding the disease, and observing social distancing during the disease outbreak is a rational, legitimate, and bligatory decision to make.