Dental Research Journal
Year:2024 | Volume:21 | Issue:4|Papers Count:5

Background: Smile esthetics can be subjective. This study aims to assess the effect of culture/ geographic location on judging smile esthetics by comparing the perception of smile characteristics between American laypersons (Western culture) and Iranians (Eastern). Materials and Methods: One hundred residents from each country were recruited for this analytical cross‑sectional study. A frontal picture of a posed smile with standard norms which are mentioned in the Contemporary Orthodontics textbook by William R. Proffit was selected. Adobe Photoshop 7 was used to alter midline diastema, gingival display (GD), maxillary midline‑to‑face discrepancy, buccal corridor (BC), and smile arc. Images were given to groups to determine the most attractive and acceptable smile. Data were analyzed by Chi‑square, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS‑22 (α =0. 05). Results: Americans were less critical in judging diastema (P < 0. 001), GD (P = 0. 013), and BC (P = 0. 004) for smile attractiveness than Iranians. No difference was between the two groups in choosing the acceptability threshold and determining the most attractive smile except for BC (P = 0. 002). Conclusion: Overall, Americans were more tolerant of variations in smile characteristics than Iranians. Both groups agreed on most smiles. Therefore, it seems that it is reasonable to use similar standards for smile characteristics while considering the small differences

Background: The acidic component of liquid medicinal syrups used by pediatric patients may cause erosion and partial demineralization. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cheese and casein phosphopeptide‑amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‑ACP) on erosive lesions of primary teeth enamel following exposure to amoxicillin and ibuprofen syrups. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 noncarious deciduous molars were used. After measuring the surface microhardness of the samples, they were randomly separated into two groups and immersed in either amoxicillin or ibuprofen for 1 min three times per day. CPP‑ACP, cheese, and artificial saliva were then applied to each of the three subgroups (n = 10). After each immersion time, 10 min of therapy was given. Between treatment intervals, the samples were kept in artificial saliva. The microhardness was remeasured after 1 week. Data were analyzed using SPSS software through repeated‑measures ANOVA (α = 0. 05). Results: All samples’ microhardness reduced considerably after immersion in liquid pharmaceuticals (amoxicillin [84. 9 kgf/mm2] and ibuprofen [75. 1 kgf/mm2]), but increased significantly following exposure to therapeutic solutions. There was no difference between the amoxicillin‑cheese and amoxicillin‑CPP‑ACP subgroups (P = 0. 975). A statistically insignificant difference was found between the ibuprofen group and the ibuprofen‑CPP‑ACP subgroup (P = 0. 499). Conclusion: As a result, cheese and CPP‑ACP can be utilized to remineralize erosive lesions caused by amoxicillin or ibuprofen exposure

This systematic review and meta‑analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of using platelet‑rich fibrin (PRF) or connective tissue graft (CTG) for papilla reconstruction in the treatment of black triangles. A comprehensive electronic search across PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus was conducted to identify the relevant randomized‑controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case series. Quality assessment and meta‑analysis were performed using R Statistical Software, focusing on the parameters such as papilla height, gingival index, plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and pocket probing depth. Registration number: CRD42022322934. From 191 initial studies, 7 were eligible for full‑text review, with 4 RCTs and one retrospective study included in the meta‑analysis. The analysis favored CTG over PRF in terms of black triangle height at 3–6 months postsurgery and in PI improvement at 3 months. No significant differences were found in CAL and probing pocket depth. While PRF can yield satisfactory results in papilla augmentation, CTG demonstrates superior clinical outcomes in specific parameters. Further research with more extensive clinical data is warranted.

Background: This study aims to compare the efficacy between conventional exfoliative cytology (EC) and centrifuged liquid‑based cytology (CLBC) in control, leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Oral leukoplakia and oral cancer require an early definitive diagnosis for better prognostic outcome. Oral EC, a minimally invasive technique that involves the examination of desquamated cells from the tissue surfaces used as a method of early diagnosis. CLBC is a modified technique that is used to achieve improved quality of the cytology findings. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was done in 30 subjects, of which, 10 cases from control group, 10 oral leukoplakia, and 10 OSCC cases. These subjects were selected according to the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cases in each group underwent conventional as well as CLBC. The comparison was carried out between these groups with respect to the cellular and background stromal factors. Appropriate qualitative evaluation of the samples was collected and statistical analysis was done using the Chi‑squared test. The significance level of value was P < 0. 05. Results: Significant results were obtained for certain parameters such as cellular overlap clear background, uniform distribution in control, leukoplakia, and OSCC with a P = 0. 004**, P = 0. 001**, P = 0. 006** using CLBC. Conclusion: CLBC is better and give clearer vision as compared to conventional cytology and can be used in the early diagnosis

Background: Pregnant women have poor knowledge of oral hygiene during pregnancy. One problem with the follow‑up of dental caries in this group is zero accumulation in the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, for which some models must be used to achieve valid results. The studied population may be heterogeneous in longitudinal studies, leading to biased estimates. We aimed to assess the impact of oral health education on dental caries in pregnant women using a suitable model in a longitudinal experimental study with heterogeneous random effects. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal, experimental research was carried out on pregnant women who visited medical centers in Tehran. The educational group (236 cases) received education for three sessions. The control group (200 cases) received only standard training. The DMFT index assessed oral and dental health at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months after delivery. The Chi‑square test was used for comparing nominal variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for ordinal variables. The zero‑inflated Poisson (ZIP) model was applied under heterogeneous and homogeneous random effects using R 4. 2. 1, SPSS 26, and SAS 9. 4. The level of significance was set at 0. 05. Results: Data from 436 women aged 15 years and older were analyzed. Zero accumulation in the DMFT was mainly related to the filled teeth (51%). The heterogeneous ZIP model fitted better to the data. On average, the intervention group exhibited a higher rate of change in filled teeth over time than the control group (P = 0. 021). Conclusion: The proposed ZIP model is a suitable model for predicting filled teeth in pregnant women. An educational intervention during pregnancy can improve oral health in the long‑term follow‑up