MODERN RESEARCHES IN DECISION MAKING
Year:2016 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

A supply chain is a series of units that transforms raw materials into finished products and services and delivers the products to customers. Recently, one of the important subjects that in supply chain systems management has been considered is titled pricing products. The subject of pricing products produced has more importance, when it is considered along with inventories management and control and order planning problems. This paper with considering to this importance, with proposing a method to model and solve pricing and inventories management problem in tri-echelon supply chains of producer, wholesalers and retailers, first, estimates the objective functions of cost in wholesalers’ level and profit in retailers’ level by response surface methodology (RSM) and simulation and then solves the obtained non-linear model based on bi-level programming by genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of the proposed method in solving a case problem, confirms attainment to simultaneous results of optimal sale price and order planning corresponding with historical data.

It is well known that many financial time series show choatic behaviors. The research examines the complex dynamical behaviors using chaos test and attractor points' analysis in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period 1385-93.Positiveity of Lyapunov Exponent is an operational definition of chaos. We select some sample stocks from Tehran Stock Exchange and utilize three major methods for estimating Lyapunov Exponents on their prices series.Incoming results indicate that the prices series are chaotic and estimated fixed points show local equilibriums, which are interest of policy makers, analysis and investors in financial markets.

Multi-methodology is a term used by Critical Operations Researchers for combining several OR methodologies in an intervention in different problematic situations. They believe that, even though OR methodologies are rooted in the different paradigms, they can be used as alternatives or complementary in a same intervention considering their weakness and advantages. In this paper, we have tried to improve the multi-methodology framework developed by other researchers using the Social Network Analysis approach, as well as the capabilities of the UCINET and NetDraw software packages. So, we have determined the complementary and alternative OR methodologies founded in the different paradigms and schools for the domestic dimensions of problematic situation in Iran. Calculation of concepts such as degree centrality, isolated points and etc. have shown the most powerful Operations Research methodologies and the gaps exist in OR methodologies, as well as the fields necessary to be improved. Application of the results will be useful for Operations Researchers.

In competitive world, as information technology progresses, organizations are seeking to acquire competitive advantage in global market to survive. One of information technology areas which have been more considered by managers is business intelligence. BI Implementation and using its benefits require the identification of all the factors that prevent of utilizing it desirably. Considering the importance of tourism industry in the countries economy and the impact of BI in organization working in this industry, the study aimed to identify and prioritize BI Barriers in Iran tourism industry.In this research, Barriers on BI implementation and utilization in Iran tourism industry have been performed using a mixed or combination methodology in both qualitative and quantitative measurement. In the qualitative part the grounded theory method and in qualitative section descriptive survey has been used. According to the results, the eleven obstacles based on its priority are as follow respectively: data barriers, managerial barriers, cultural barriers, lack of awareness and education, barriers related to human force, legal and political obstacles, lack of confidence and trust in knowledge transfer, organizational barriers, lack of systems integrity, obstacles related to funding of BI plans and barriers related to infrastructure. The results can facilitate utilizing and implementing of BI in Iran tourist industry. 

Energy is one of the most important keys to achieve prosperity and sustainable development in the economic and political systems. Energy extraction, storage, transmission and its consumption is coupled with environmental pollution. Achieving long-term and major goals in the field of energy and its supply and observance of environmental priorities require planning and developing functional and operational strategies. Green supply chain management, is a concept that has been formed in the recent years to ensure the provision of environmental priorities and social responsibilities of institutions and organizations at all stages of production, transmission and consumption of the product. Developing strategies for the production of energy along with the observance of the green supply chain management standards, is a complex, time consuming and costly process that includes consideration of various groups. Each of the impressive and impressionable groups has different levels of interest and power that their role for participating in the development of the strategies is defined according to them. Ignorance of the role of each of the various groups can result in the lack of proper implementation of the developed strategy. In this paper, the participants have been identified with JOURNEY making approach. Then the relationships between these identified participants have been illustrated by Power/Interest Grid. In the final step, for structuring the problem of green gas supply chain strategy making, the Drama Theory have been utilized. Using this approach in Soft OR, led us systematically and comprehensively know better the preferences and options of each identified party and the probable confrontation and cooperation between them. The Options Board and Tug of War are two illustrating figures that helps to find out existing dilemmas.

A set of environmental and, social factors along with the economic issues play the special role in the supply chain susutainability in the high risk industries. The aim of the present study is to explain and analyze the dimensions and components of supply chain sustainability dimension, with respect to the scope and extent of the concept of sustainability in the supply chain issues. For this purpose, we used qualitative research approaches and meta-synthesis tools, which includes seven steps, and started systematic analysing and evaluation of the results and findings of previous researches. In general, the concept of supply chain sustainability is identified and classified in three dimensions, 14 theme and 84 component. Finally, based on content analysis, the impact factor of identified components in the 94 final researches are identified, by using quantitative methods of Shannon entropy.

Improving policymaking quality progression of science and technology is considered one of the most important plans in different countries. This could be done differently from one country to another. This important issue in Iran is also dependent on determining effective strategies on science and technology policymaking that is appropriate to the circumstances and the situation in Iran. The present study is qualitative content analysis. The participants of this study are 23 experts in the field of progress and development, and science and technology. The sampling was targeted and purposeful. In order to collect qualitative data, some unstructured and profound interviews were conducted. The analysis of results was done by qualitative analysis and content analysis using MAXQDA. The researchers extracted 39 subgroups, 6 themes including observations of science and technology on a global scale, scientific governance, organized steering and scientific research leaders, discourse modeling, defining system requirements in the production of science, supply system of scientist as wise management strategies and advances in science and technology policy of Iran. On the one hand, policymaking success has always been based on two basic elements of value and insight. On the other hand, it is built on situations and exigencies of the given society. The present study, on the basis of Islamic epistemic foundation provides settings of the Iranian society and profiting from the experiences of participants. Also, it identified and explained six key strategies. Macro policymakers are able to employ them in general; and managers and policymakers of science and technology can employ them in a certain and special way that will ultimately provide more efficiency and effectiveness of existing policies and thereby improving the science and technology system.

In this article, we will review and compare all defined kinds of variables in modeling section of operations research process. Since in real world, problems related to managerial decision makings because of humanities and complex factors like social, psychological, economical, political and etc, have high degree of uncertainty. It seems that available kinds of variables in literature are unable to explain all possible states of real conditions; so we will introduce new variables such as second class random variable, random uncertainty variable, uncertainty fuzzy variable, fuzzy uncertainty variable and second class uncertainty variable. Also, we will propose generalization of different combinations of variables to higher levels. Then, in base of second class uncertainty variable, we will provide new versions of linear programming model titled second class uncertainty and full uncertain linear programming models. In continue, we will present a numerical example from uncertain portfolio selection problem to verify proposed model. After that uncertain optimal solutions will attain by disciplined convex programming software.