Journal of Environmental Health Engineering
Year:2017 | Volume:4 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Background: corrosion is a physic and chemical reaction occurring between a substance and its surrounding environment leading to the change in the substance properties. Corrosion can cause economic damage, loss of life and illness in consumers is watering plants. The aim of this study was to Assessment of scale formation and corrosion of drinking water supplies in Dehloran.Methods: This research was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. the sampling was carried out during one year from 8 wells. Values of Langelier, Ryznar, corrosivity and Puckorius indexes were calculated by using such parameters as total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium hardness, total alkalinity, temperature, pH, pHs on all Sources of drinking water in dehloran.Results: The results of this study showed that the amount of TDS, turbidity and total hardness wells is lower than the national standard. So that the highest and lowest TDS was obtained for Dashte Akbar 1wells (1084 mg/l) and Bare Bijeh 1 (132 mg/l), respectively. As well as The highest and lowest turbidity was obtained for Bare Bijeh 2 wells (0.99 NTU) and Dashte Akbar 1(0.25 NTU), respectively. For all the wells studied was obtained Lanzhylh index between -0.43 to +0.19, Ryzner of the 7.52 to 9.07, Puckorius index between 8.69 to 11.21 and corrosion of between 8.01 to 8.68, respectively.Conclusion: The relevant indicators show that drinking water in dehloran corrosive and therefore must be continuously monitored water quality in the distribution network and measures to be applied in the field of corrosion control.

Background& Objective: The advantage of Attached growth to the suspended growth systems Includes easier administering, high efficiency against shock loads, increasing concentration so contamination stand produce less sludge. For the above reasons the design of a system that benefits both suspended and attached growth system moving bed biofilm reactor may benefit (MBBR) was designed including acne that removing into the reactor and it sue is expanding day by day in the world. Objective in study Comparison between conventional activated sludge and MBBR system is the reduction of COD in sewage.Materials and Methods: Studied at the Screener pilot wastewater treatment plant was installed in Rasht. In this project at first pilot on use of two reactor metal parallel (MBBR)chock- full of Acne duct shielded wire the percentage filling %45 to immerse and activated sludge reactor as a witness to beginning started. Sampling was conducted to checking efficiency removal COD of end each reactors in retention times 5, 8, 12 hours began and in every stage amount TSS, DO, MLSS, were determined. This Study purely was in environmental conditions and temperatures between 13 and 27c. Results: Removal efficiency of COD in retention times of 5, 8, 12 hours, were %77.8, %88, %90 respectively. Biological mass and SRT in these retention times were 6153, 9833,10533 mg/L 21, 46 and 69 days respectively. In state of optimum (MBBR) system, the efficiency was 20% more than conventional activated sludge. Conclusion: It is concluded that COD removal efficiency of (MBBR) system is greater than conventional activated sludge in waste water treatment plant of city of Rasht.

Background: Furfural is an organic compound which derived from a variety industrial, including petrochemicals, pulping, pharmaceutical, food. Also is a main agent in many industries and aromatic organic compounds entrance in the environment. There are several methods of treating including physical, chemical, biological and physicochemical for remove this matter. Among advanced oxidation methods can be combined ozonation process with persulfate catalytic are noted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ozonation process with the use of persulfate in removal furfural from aqueous solution.Materials and Methods: In this study, the efficiency of the process with a concentration furfural 5 to 30 mg/L, concentration persulfate 4 to 15 mM, pH=3-11 and reaction time of 35 minutes in the semi-continuous reactor with a capacity of one liter was obtained.Results: The results of this study have been shown in conditions of operation optimal, pH=3, persulfate dosage 12 mM, ozone dosage of 1 g/min and the initial concentration of furfural 5 mg/L, this process is capable remove of %93.34 percent Furfural and %70 of the initial COD.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the ozone/persulfate process can be a suitable process for the removal of organic aromatic compounds including pollutants of interest.

Background &Objective: Nowadays uncontrolled uses of chemical fertilizers which have many heavy metals such as Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in addition have economic problems, cause to serious damages in the environment. Therefore uncontrolled application of fertilizers can cause accumulation contaminants in soil, water sources and increasing in plants and human & animals’ food chain. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizers application to increase heavy metals in agricultural soils at directions to prevent contamination in water sources, agricultural products and the best uses of chemical fertilizers. Methods: In this study, 20 soil samples and 5 useful chemical fertilizer samples were collected and investigated. After fertilizer and soil samples were prepared, digested and filtered, heavy metals were determined with using atomic absorption.Results: The results of this study showed that, Cd in Diammonum phosphate  fertilizer 1.25 times, Super phosphate triple 1.7 times and in Macro granular fertilizer 1.5 times were as much as maximum acceptable concentration in chemical fertilizers. Cadmium concentration in all of the Jarghoye (Isfahan) agricultural soil samples 3 to 7 times and in the Mobarake village (Najaf abad) agricultural soil samples 10 to 35 times were as much as maximum acceptable concentration in agricultural soils. But Pb and Zn concentration in all of the agricultural soil samples was less than the amount of maximum acceptable concentration. Conclusion: Phosphate chemical fertilizers were positive effects to increase concentration of Pb and Zn in agricultural soils. Therefore, application of the fertilizer must be more attention because of increasing heavy metals in the agriculture soils and probably increasing heavy metals in food chain.

Background: The performance of Cultural programs with environmental aims needs to check the status of knowledge, attitude and practice of community towards the subject as is desired, which one of those programs is solid waste management programs in the mountainous areas as a general duty. In the meantime, Mountaineers play role in the environmental cultural activities This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of people. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitude and behavior towards the management of solid waste in the mountain climbers of Kermanshah Taqbstan in 2014. Based on random sampling of 385 questionnaires were distributed among mountain climbers Taqbstan. The results of this study have been analyzed based on a statistical approach; ANOVA, by using SPPS version 16Results: The results show an insignificant relationship between job and gender with awareness and performance. However, the age as a main variable has a significant relation with the knowledge but has an insignificant relation with attitude and performance. The results of correlation studies of education level with the knowledge and practice with p equal to 0.045 is statistically significant Conclusions: Solid Waste Management mountain climbers’ education level is the most influential parameter. So that people with higher education have better performance. On the other hand, suffer climbers aged 20 to 40 and higher had better awareness about the Solid Waste Management. The results of this study should be noted that in any job can be diligent in protecting the mountain environment and includes a certain occupational group not be affected.

Background: Over the last decades, many efforts have been made to improve the wastewater purification by developing suitable treatment methods for various pollutants removal. Most studies in this field have focused on heterogeneous photocatalysis which use semiconductor oxides, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). This useful technique is based on the pollutant decomposition by means of a chemical reaction occurring on a photocatalytic surface activated by light with a specific wavelength. The efficiency for removing of persistent organic pollutants such as azo dyes, photostability and inertness to chemical environment has made TiO2 an important photocatalytic material. In this study, the photodegradation of an industrial textile dye Acid blue 113 (AB113), using anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation, has been performed in an aqueous heterogeneous medium.Methods: The photocatalytic process was monitored by the UV–visible spectrometry, and different dosages of catalyst (10.00-60.00 mg), pH conditions (3-8), contact time (2-30 min), at the dye concentration of 25 mg/L were used. In addition, response surface methodology based on a three-variable three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to study and optimize the photocatalytic process. The interactive effects of three operational parameters including irradiation time, pH, and the catalyst amount on the dye degradation were analyzed.Results: The dye degradation efficiency was accurately modeled by a quadratic equation with an R2 of 0.9649. The optimum conditions for the dye removal were found at 29.78 min, pH 6.56 and catalyst dose of 42 mg in 100 mL of the solution. At this condition, 95.3% of the dye was removed. Conclusion: The results show that anatase TiO2 nanoparticles present excellent photocatalytic activity on the degradation of AB113 under UV irradiation. Therefore, the photodegradation of dyes using anatase TiO2 nanoparticlesas can be efficiently used under optimum conditions for treatment of dye-containing industrial effluents.

Background and Objective: Hospital wastewater due to having pollutants like pharmaceuticals and antibiotics, chemical and heavy metals and … In the absence of proper treatment and its entry into the receiving waters are causing health risks. This study evaluate treatment and the quality of effluents from a single wastewater hospital Behshahr's Shohada gynecology and compare effluent with environmental standards.Materials and Methods: The study on wastewater treatment plant was to Descriptive - analytical method 2015-2016 in the hospital A single gynecologic Behshahr's Shohada. In order to determine the sewage quality and efficiency Wastewater treatment plant outlet effluent sampling was performed. Samples of BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, DO, turbidity, free chlorine, fecal coliform and total coliform were analyzed using standard methods.Results: The average daily water consumption of 33 m3 and the average hospital wastewater generated per bed is 26.4 m3/day. Average parameters BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, DO, turbidity, free chlorine, fecal coliform and total coliform in the outlet effluent treatment plant respectively is 112.25 mg /l, 157 mg / L, 1122.25 mg / L, 138.75 mg / L, 59.5 mg / L, 13 NTU, 1mg / L, 4.75 MPN / 100mL, 46 MPN / 100mL.Conclusion: The results showed that all parameters are above the standard level suitable effluent disposal to receiving the waters were, therefore efficiency is unsuitable the process of and requires management and leadership is more accurate. This wastewater treatment plant also can be used for agricultural use, Discharge into surface waters and catchy wells are not and Total coliform and fecal coliform amounts were measured only by the standards of the Iran Environmental Protection Agency were compatible.

Background & Objective: Nowadays, according to growth of industry and increasing population, water resources are seriousely shortened. This lack of water resources will require special management to be considered in industry and agriculture. Among the various sources of water, surface waters are more susceptible to infection. The most important of these sources of pollution are industrial pollution, detergent, pesticides, radioactive materials, heat and salt concentration.Materials & methods: In this article, at first the importance of each pollutant will be evaluated base on the effects and its results and then quality evaluation of surface water will be studied. In order to assess the relative importance of these pollutants primarily using TOPSIS software, prioritize these factors as one of the hierarchical analysis and then is modeled with decision tree method using Weka software, the importance of each factor is evaluated and if it does not meet the minimal importance of the decision tree will be removed.Results: The results obtained from the Topsis fuzzy analysis indicate that surface water and groundwater are exposed to pollution about 74% and 26% respectively among the six pollutants examined in this study. In addition, results obtaned from the hierarchical tree in software Weka has shown that the heat factor, soluble salts and industrial pollutants give impac factor or purity about 0.1338, 0.0523 and 1.2694 respectively. Conclusion: Surface water is at greater risk of being polluted compared with groundwater. The heat factor and low concentration of dissolved salts have the low impact and industrial pollutants are considered as the most influential factors in surface water pollution.