IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL SCIENCES
Year:2019 | Volume:12 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:12

In order to evaluate protection of B1 ND vaccine against the prevalent virulent ND virus isolated from broiler farms in Khuzestan province, samples from trachea, lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, proventriculus, cecal tonsils and brain were collected from 50 Newcastle disease suspected flocks. One isolated ND virus was belonged to genotype II and 7 isolates were belonged to genotype VII. In order to evaluate protection of Newcasle B1 vaccine aginst virulent isolate belonged to genotype VII, 160 day-old broiler chicks were randomlly divided into 4 equal groups and kept in separated rooms. Groups 1 and 3 chicks were vaccinated two times with live B1 strain vaccine at 8 and 18 days of age via eye-drop route and groups 2 and 4 chocks were kept as unvaccinated control groups. Groups 2 and 3 chicks were challenged intraocularly with 105 EID50 doses of the virulent prevalent isolated ND virus. Blood samples from all groups were collected on days 1, 14, 25, 32, 37 and 42 and antibody titer was measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. It was concluded that, very virulent ND virus are present in poultry farms of Khuzestan province and two times vaccination with B1 vaccine probably produced sufficient protection against very virulent ND virus.

The purpose of this study was to find out the histological and radiographic assessment of healing of ulna fracture stabilized with feather shaft and compare with intramedullary pin. A total of 70 pigeons (Columba livia) randomly divided into two equal groups. After aseptically preparation of surgical site (left wing) and induction of anesthesia, a 3 cm longitudinal incision was made on the skin, the ulna bone was exposed gently and a segmental bone of 3 mm in length was removed in the middle of the ulnar diaphysis. The fracture in group I was repaired with an autoclaved feather shaft as an auto-graft and in group II stainless steel intramedullary pin used to treat fracture. Healing was evaluated with radiographs at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after surgery and for histological study at least 4 birds from each group were sacrificed at weeks 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 and bone sample transferred to a Histology Laboratory at Shahrekord University. Radiographic findings showed favorable bone healing progress in both groups. Results of histological evaluation revealed that at time 3 and 5 weeks, difference between two groups not significant, but in week 9 the feather group had better results than the pin group. Also comparison within groups demonstrated favorable bone healing in both groups. According to the results of the present study, feather shaft can be used as available and lightweight intramedullary fixator for avian fracture treatment.

In this study sedative effect of clove extract and tobacco extract and MS222 on some of serum biochemical parameters of common carp was studied. Two hundred ten fish were divided into 7 groups (two concentrations of clove extract 20 and 40 mg/l, two concentrations of Tobacco extract 40 and 80 mg/l and two concentrations of MS222, 20 and 40 mg/l for 2 days and one group considered as control). Each group had 10 fish with 3 replicates. At days 2, 4 and 6 after sedation blood sampling was done and some biochemical parameters including: total protein, glucose, cortisol and activities of serum enzymes AST, ALT, CPK and ALP were measured in plasma. According to results no significant differences in ALT and cortisol were seen between different experimental groups. The AST level in 40 mg/l tobacco extract group decreased significantly (P<0. 05) in comparison with control group. ALP level in the clove extract groups and tobacco extract groups increased significantly (P<0. 05) in comparison with control group. The level of total protein was decreased significantly by clove extract (40 mg/l) and tobacco extracts (P<0. 05). The level of glucose in MS222 group (20 mg/l), clove extract groups and one of tobacco extract groups (80 mg/l) decreased significantly (p<0. 05) in comparison with the control group. Although the use of clove or tobacco extracts at concentrations studied, made an increase in the activity of some serum enzymes, but there was no difference in the quality of sedation when compared with MS222.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is among major causes of disease and mortality in backyard chicken flocks in Iran and rapid and reliable diagnosis and determination of its causative agent is very important in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. In this study 178 serum samples were investigated backyard chicken flocks of 6 villages around Khorram Abad suburbs using hemaglutination inhibition. In addition, a few tissue samples were obtained from suspected flocks for virus isolation, using embryonated chicken eggs. Then, RT-PCR was established with RNA extracted from allantoic fluid samples using specific primers for F gene. All of the studied flocks and 65% of serum samples were positive for NDV antibodies. A total number of 3 isolates, detected in virus culture and RT-PCR, further were evaluated by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) with BglІ . The results showed that the three isolates were not of lentogenic pathotype, confirmed in sequencing analysis. The extensive prevalence of ND antibodies among backyard chicken flocks of Khorram Abad and pathotype determination of the isolates are indications for circulation of velogenic NDV. The RT-PCR/REA technique in this study could be an accurate detection and pathotype differentiation method for NDV in backyard chickens.

During the past years, portable ultrasonography devices with high quality pictures have routinely been used for veterinary diagnostic procedures. One of the most practical uses of this technique is reproductive management in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to designing a software for education of cattle reproductive ultrasonography. In this study, the reproductive system (uterus and ovaries) of 110 dairy cows was examined by ultrasonography during the different times postparturition. The pictures were taken and the picture legends were put under the pictures. The most practical aspects of each topic or disorder were also described. All the pictures were evaluated after gathering and only the pictures with the best quality were selected. Model View Controller (MVC) design pattern was used that is the object oriented design pattern and the graphical view was developed with JAVA. This software can be installed and used in all devices with android operating System.

Mastitis is a very important economic disease in dairy cattle. The TNFα gene as a key gene involved with mastitis and its polymorphisms and expression was evaluated as well as its correlation with somatic cell score (SCS). The gene expression of bovine TNFα profiling in Holstein cattle was also assessed. For this purpose, one hundred Holstein lactating cows were selected based on their breeding values for milk production, fat and somatic cell scores. Then cows based on their residual values for somatic cell scores were divided into two resistant and susceptible groups and 5 ml blood samples were collected from each animal. Selective genotyping of two target groups of susceptible and resistant animals to mastitis was done using PCR-RFLP approach, and then statistical association study was taken between identified genotypes and phenotypes records. Then, gene expression profiling between resistance and susceptible groups was evaluated using Real time PCR method. Results at this research showed significant correlation between TNFα gene polymorphism and values residuals of SCS (P<0. 01). Gene expression was difference between the susceptible and resistance groups which, can be indirectly reflect relationships between screen mutations and gene expression pattern. So that the highest gene expression was belonged to BB genotype. As the final message of the present study, AA genotype may play a role and associated with relative resistance phenotype to mastitis in the studied population.

Non-typhoid Salmonella spp. are recognized as one of the major food-borne pathogens with more than 2500 serotypes worldwide. This survey was done to determine Salmonella infection among broiler flocks in Mazandaran and Gilan Provinces, as among the most important poultry production centers in Iran. Thirty-five Salmonella isolates were recovered by standard bacteriological methods from 13310 manure samples (1331 pooled samples) collected from 126 broiler houses in different ages. Slide agglutination tests were performed using Salmonella somatic O poly antisera form each of A to E antisera. The occurrence rate of infection was 26% among 126 houses. It was found that 17 (48. 57%) and 18 (51. 43%) isolates belonged to groups D and C, respectively. The occurrence and the level of antimicrobial resistance patterns in 35 Salmonella isolates were also determined. Thirty-two different patterns of resistance were found among 35 isolates. The highest resistance was observed to erythromycin, vancomycin, clindamycin, penicillin, doxycycline, colistin, oxytetracycline, carbenicillin, furazolidone and tetracycline. The highest percentage of sensitivity (100%) was found to ceftriaxon, danofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, ofloxacin, cefazolin and amoxicillin. All isolates were found to be multi-resistance. In the other words, all isolates were resistant against one to three antimicrobials tested. The high prevalence of multidrug resistance found in this study may be attributed to widespread usage of antimicrobial agents in domestic animals especially poultry industry in Iran. There is a serious implication for public health by transmitting resistant bacteria to human via food chain.

Evolution and formation of IBV’ s new serotypes Bare continuously in processing that every year cause a lot of economic loses in poultry industries, so rapid and accurate determination test is critical in order to choose and develop suitable vaccines for controlling of this disease in every region as an important and determinative principle. Despite vaccination against IBD, this disease is one of the economical important disease in the poultry industry that every year cause a lot of economic loses and despite vaccination also it happens. Specimens of trachea and lungs were taken from 40 suspected flock with respiratory problems collected from chicken farms in Fars and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces. Samples were tested by Chicken Red Blood Cell Hem-agglutination and negative samples selected for determining Infectious bronchitis viruses by RT-PCR test. Then PCR product was purred by "High pure PCR product purification Kit" Germany (Roche) company has been sent to sequencing a piece with 464 nucleotide base pair. Sequences checked and corrected by MEGA 7 program. Phylogenetic analysis was made by MEGA 7 program using sequencing and National Center for Biotechnology Information. This study results show the majority of flocks infected by variant 2 (75% samples), then mass type (16. 6% samples) and finally (8% samples) were H120 vaccine-like isolates. So in according to difference in dominant serotypes in this study with market place vaccines could not create cross immune therefore need to develop new vaccines.

Various chemical substances are used as anesthetic agents in fish farms and research centers. The aim of this study was to evaluation sedation and anesthesia effects of Dianthus (Syzygium aromaticum), Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) and Lavender (lavandula officinalis) plants on Astronatus ocellatus fish by immersion technique. For this purpose, 30 fish with an average size of 6± 0. 5 centimeters were selected and divided in three groups. Dianthus in a 0. 3 g/l, Valerian in a 1. 8 ml/l and Lavender in a 1. 8 ml/l concentration were used. Anesthesia onset, duration and recovery time were recorded separately for each group. Valerian extract had no anesthesia effects on fish and only occasioned their sedation. Dianthus and lavender caused anesthesia that anesthesia times in dianthus was shorter than lavender. But only anesthesia duration time with lavander in comparison with dianthus was significantly (P<0. 05). Yet, there is no report about using lavender as an anaesthetic in fish. In this study Lavender was used because of its sedative and analgesic effects. It can be used in fish anesthesia because of good induction and anesthesia time, accessibility and suitable price.

Septicemia viral disease (VHS) is one of the most important diseases of fish that has recently been developed in Iran and has caused severe damage to breeders. In order to identify the possible cause of the losses, farmed fish were sampled from epicenter where massive mortalities and economic losses had been occurred. Samples were collected from relevant tissues (i. e. liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and brain) of rainbow trout with clinical signs of VHS disease. The samples were stored in 70% ethanol, to perform RT-PCR. Then, recombinant plasmids were tested for protein expression in E. coli Rosetta strain. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated the production of a recombinant protein with an expected molecular weight of 61KDa. Thereafter, the recombinant protein was purified by amylose resin and its antigenicity was accessed by immunoblotting using a mouse polyclonal serum prepared against MBP protein. Positive reaction of the expressed protein with anti-MBP protein indicated that the expressed N protein possess antigenic epitopes and could be applied in future immunological studies.

This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin E alone and Se+ vitamin E supplement on ewes at the last stage of gestation on serum Se, Cu, Zn and Fe status of ewes and their lambs. Sixty fat tail ewes were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Four and two weeks before expected lambing, ewes were injected intramuscularly 0 ml (C) 10 ml vitamin E (T1), 10 ml (T2) selenium and vitamin E respectively. Blood samples were collected from ewes 4 weeks before expected lambing time and on the day of lambing. Blood samples of their lambs were taken from the jugular vein at birth and on 7 days post perturaf. Selenium, Cu, Zn and Fe concentrations of serum and colostrum were measured. The results indicated that the colostrum and serum concentration of Se increased in T2 compared with the others (P<0. 05). The colostrum and serum Cu concentrations were significantly increased in T2 ewes and their lambs (P<0. 05). The colostrum and serum Zn and Fe concentration of ewes were not affected by supplement(P>0. 05). The serum concentration of Cu increased in T2, which was concomitant with a reduction in Zn concentration in serum and colostrums. It seems that an increase in serum concentration of Cu at the end of pregnancy in ewes given Se supplement could disturb the Zn: Cu ratios which in turn lead to Zn reduction. There was a positive effect between serum Se concentration with Cu and also a negative effect between Se and Zn in treated ewes.

Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a viral disease of goats, which caused by a Lentivirus and characterized by symptoms such as arthritis, pneumonia, mastitis and encephalitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of caprine arthritis encephalitis infection and association of this infection with host and environmental determinants in goat in Khuzestan Province. Serum samples were randomly collected from 368 goats in Shoushtar, Izeh, Dezfool, Susangerd, Hendijan and Ahvaz cities and were examined by ELISA assay. Seroprevalence rate caprine arthritis encephalitis was 14. 67% (95% CI. 11. 06-18. 28%). Logistic regression showed that the odds of infection between age based on year and infection is 1. 11 (95% CL: 0. 93-1. 31) (P>0. 05). The odds of infection in male goats 1. 42 (95% CI: 0. 51-3. 95) compared to that in females (P>0. 05) and 0. 2% of fluctuation in infection was justified by sexuality. In comparison to goats with history of abortion, the odds of infection in goats without a history of abortion was 1. 48 (95% CI: 0. 6-3. 66) and 0. 4% fluctuation in infection was justified by this factor. Relative frequency of infection in Shoushtar, Izeh, Dezfool, Susangerd, Hendijan and Ahvaz, were 31. 67%, 21. 31%, 15%, 12%, 8. 75%, 3. 9% respectively (P<0. 01) and 11. 8% of fluctuation in infection was justified by geographical location. This study confirms the presence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in the goat herds in Khuzestan Province, so, prevention and control programs should be considered by health authorities and livestock owners.