GEOGRAPHICAL URBAN PLANNING RESEARCH
Year:2015 | Volume:3 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

1. IntroductionIncrease in the land surface temperature and the formation of heat islands in the metropolis areas has become one of the environmental problems emerged by unplanned expansion of cities. Many factors are involved in the creation of urban heat islands. These factors can generally be divided into two groups of controlled and uncontrolled. In addition, the controllable and uncontrollable factors can be classified as another. The factors with temporary impact such as wind speed and cloud cover, the variables with constant and stable impact such as green space, building materials and sky view and, finally, the factors with periodic or cyclical impact such as solar radiation and heat sources are caused by human activities. Generally, the heat generated in the surface is resulted from the sun in the form of solar radiation, large industries and factories, cars, air ventilation systems and other sources related to the human activities (Rizwan et al., 2008: 122). Nowadays, use of satellite imagery in urban environment studies has been growing rapidly due to integrated vision and reduction in the cost and time of the studies. Land surface temperature is one of the most important variables measured using these images...

IntroductionAccording to the increasing rate of urban challenges in various areas, it is required to adopt a strategic and comprehensive approach to sustainable urban development in dealing with the challenging and vulnerable aspects of cities. Adopting a future-oriented and sublime approach has been considered in the agenda of urban planning and management policies for development. This is to provide an impartial and justice-centered insight into the axes of the development. For this purpose, seven sustainable urban development patterns, namely sustainable urban economy, sustainable urban community, sustainable urban housing, sustainable urban environment, sustainable urban access, sustainable urban living, and sustainable urban democracy, with 35 variables were selected and classified...

IntroductionThis essay embarks on a research about the effects of community capacities on certain selected districts in the city of Tehran. The urban space can be created based on different patterns of people in the various places and neighborhoods. Another option would be an urban space as seen from the perspective of those who understand different cities based on their mental capacity. In this way, the same number of people and different understanding of urban space was seen. The method of this research has been an analytical and dialectic process...

IntroductionThe map of earthquake-vulnerable areas around our country shows that more than two third of all the land is on high risk zones on which most of populated cities are located. These areas are more influenced by activities of faults and they have shallow quakes near the surface. This is to the extent that 90 percent of all the cities in the country are vulnerable to a 5. 5 Richter's earthquake. Two existing powerful and active faults in two sides of Mashhad City, with short distance to the city, show a high risk zone. The city is located in a distance of 20 km to a fault 100 km long in east and southeast of the city and also in a distance just 2 km to a fault of 90 km long in south and southwest part of Mashhad. Up to 275 microseisms and earthquakes took place in Mashhad in 2006; 3 of them were more than 4. 5 Richter and one with 6. 6 Richter, as the most important in Mashhad. During the period 1891-2011, the City had population 60 times and 40 times the area. Given that, the city is a hub of religious tourism. More than 20 million pilgrims and tourists are allowed to enter the city each year. The population density in the area can convert an earthquake into a harmful humanitarian disaster...

IntroductionIdentity comes from essential attributes of any object, person, or city that finds character through concepts such as differentiation and similarity, continuity and change, unity and diversity, and character. Identity crisis or a sense of no identification is seen as one of the crises of human life in the recent years in many territories and most communities. Therefore, the identity of neighborhood as an introduction to physical division of city and quality of its dimension and hierarchy has turned into a major necessity in discussion of urban planning. However, the identity of the neighborhood can strengthen the sense of belonging to a place and as result, citizen's identity; that is why the concept of neighborhood has a special place in urban planning and design. However, lack of attention to human identity in cities can bring great consequences...

IntroductionThe megalopolis of Tehran is the most populated city of Iran with an irregular and unplanned pattern of urbanism. The situation of green spaces is far less than the standards and the distribution of green spaces in the urban area is unequal and heterogeneous. As a result, Tehran has a highly intensified and multi-core heat island located above the various industrially and residentially active regions. The heat island, by the definition, is the increase in temperature of urban area in comparison with that of the suburbs and rural regions. This phenomenon was first measured and defined by Luke Howard. It is nominated due to its spatial appearance. If temperature contours of a city are drawn, it will look like an island surrounded by water. Due to former studies, the heat island appears more in minimum temperatures...

IntroductionIn this research, we can say that local communities and participatory planning at the community level in urban management has a special place in Iran in the recent years. Citizen participation in municipal affairs has become one of the basic concerns of municipal managers and always was highlighted at scientific, political and administrative meetings. Thus, assessment of the participation of citizens in urban areas and evaluation of the influencing factors can be the first step towards real participation. Various factors are effective on citizen participation but it seems that social capital is one of the most important of them. The present study is analysis of participatory management of neighborhoods with emphasis on the role of social capital in region 15 of Tehran Municipality...