Journal of Research in Environmental Health
Year:2017 | Volume:3 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:7

Background & objeftive: Qualitative assessment of water resources using qualitative indicators as one of the most suitable methods for managing water areas and having a regular program for water quality protection and pollution prevention is necessary. The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of water in the river of Ghain for agricultural, drinking, livestock and aquaculture purposes.Materials & Methods: In this study, water quality was evaluated in two ophthalmic stations of Oliyakhonic and Farokhi in the Gain river basin of southern Khorasan province during the years of 2007-2016 with the use of Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) and Aquachem software.Results: Based on the gained results, the CWQI experienced a downward trend for agricultural consumption from the upstream to downstream, which may be due to increased water salinity in the downstream direction or the flow of agricultural, industrial and domestic wastewater (household and industrial waste).The level of pollution and the concentrations of undesirable factors rose from the upstream to downstream which lead to the undesirable water quality for fish life, so that most stations require purification for aquaculture.Conclusion: Both of two studied stations (Oliyakhonic and Farokhi) were ranked poorly for drinking, aquaculture, irrigation and livestock, but ranked high for recreational purposes. According to the Piper diagram, water type and facies are bicarbonate-magnesium-calcium.

Background & objeftive: Nowadays, the pollution caused by landfills is considered as one the serious environmental threats, especially for groundwater resources. The purpose of this research, was touse mathematical and high precision numerical models in determination and explanation of the current situation and relatively accurate predictions, to examine the groundwater pollution caused by leakage of leachate from landfills.Methods and Materials: In this research, The MODFLOW, MODPATH and MT-3DMS models was used to estimate the speed of movement of pollution, tracing path and to simulate the process of transfer of leachate produced at San Angelo landfill site in the United States to the downstream drinking water well.Also Three scenarios of a) improved bedding of landfill bottom and reduced leachate penetration to 25%; b) Reducing the amount of extraction downstream drinking water well to 20%; c) landfill Movement as much as 100m to upstream were evaluated.Results: The results of the modeling showed that in the current situation, the leachate produced landfill reaches the downstream well going through a distance of 608 meters in 2158 days. By applying three scenarios in the numerical model was seen that the leachate reaches to the downstream well by passing a distance of 613, 618, and 667 m in 4000, 3250 and 4000 days, respectively.Conclusion: Therefore, in the field of locating the landfill and investigating leakage of leachate to groundwater, numerical models can be used to predict the direction and speed of pollution movement and to make management decisions for reducing thetime and distance of arriving the pollution at the groundwater.

Background & objeftive: Suspended particles have numerous negative effects on human health and plants. These particles play an extremely important role in global climate change as well. This study aims to investigate the influence of meteorological parameters on PM10 concentrations along with daily, monthly and seasonally concentrations variations of this pollutant over three seasons of spring, summer and fall.Methods and Materials: In this study, first, daily, monthly and seasonal variations ofPM10 concentrations were investigated. Then, the degree of correlation betweenPM10 and meteorological parameters were analyzed by Pearson correlation.Also regression model was used to predictPM10 concentration.Results: Daily average PM10 concentration during the study period indicates that the highest concentration was in the 22nd August (1077 mg/m3) and the lowest in the 8th march (42mg/m3). It also shows the highest monthly average concentration was in August (301/06 mg/m3), While the lowest concentration is accounted November (152/16mg/m3). Seasonal concentration showed that the highest concentrations are in the summer (272/76 mg/m3). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis shows that particulate matter has a direct correlation with temperature and wind speed, while reverse correlation with precipitation and atmospheric pressure.Conclusion: Based on the results of Pearson correlation, it was found that rainfall and relative humidity have adverse effects but the temperature and wind speed have a direct impact on the concentrations of PM10. That is, the greater rainfall, the lower concentration of PM10 will be. While the temperature and the wind speed increase the concentration of suspended particles. Also, the coefficient of determination in the regression model suggests that 13, 25 and 6 percent ofPM10 changes in spring, summer and fall are explained by meteorological parameters used in the model. Based on these results we can say that adverse meteorological conditions may lead to increased concentrations ofPM10.

Background & objeftive: Air pollution and its health effects are known as theprincipal challenges in Iran. One of the effective measures to control air quality is to determine the actual amount of pollutants and describe the air quality in comparison to standard conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the air quality in Kerman based on Air Quality Index (AQI) and to determine the responsible pollutant in polluted days during April 2015 to March 2016.Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, the air pollutants concentrations data were obtained from Kerman environmental protection agency.Then, the AQI values were calculated based on the levels of the criteria pollutants, i.e., CO, NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3. Based on AQI levels, the air quality was classified into six groups including good, moderate, unhealthy for the sensitive people, unhealthy, very unhealthy and dangerous.Results: During the studied year, the air quality in 7%, 60%, 29% and 4% of the days, in which the pollutants concentrations were measured, was in clean condition, healthy conditions, unhealthy conditions for sensitive groups and unhealthy condition, respectively. The best and worst air quality conditions were observed in January (in cold season) and April (in warm season), respectively.PM2.5 was the responsible pollutant for air pollution in Kerman.Conclusion: The results showed that the main responsible pollutant which causes air pollution in Kerman was particulate matter. This situation may be originated from the local and regional dust storms, especially from south-west and Sistan regions. Therefore, the essential actions must be taken to control such pollution and to minimize the community exposure to this pollutant.

Background & objeftive: Environmental management system attempts to create and pursue some rules for the organizations to minimize adverse effects on the environment. The adverse effect of thermal power plant on water resources is considered as one of their most important environmental aspects. Because these power plants both need high volume of water over their processes, and release some contaminated effluents into water bodies. The present study aims to investigate the effective aspects of the power plants on used water resources both quantitatively and qualitatively and present some managerial strategies.Methods and Materials: At first, the qualitative parameters of industrial effluents of power plant were monitored over 2015. Measurement was performed in taken samples from evaporation tank which has been located after neutralization unit.. Kolmogorov–Smirnov’s test was employed in order to compare the proportions of the measured pollutants and environmental standards. The effective aspects of these power plants on dissipations and contaminations of water resources were assessed using Preliminary Hazard Analysis and William fine techniques. Furthermore, the efficient strategies were surveyed so as to monitor the determined aspects and decrease their adverse effects on the environment.Results: Based on the obtained results, there was not any heavy metal pollution in the industrial effluent with confidence level of 99%. Among the effective risks on water resources, 77 risks with low priority, 60 risks with medium priority and 12 risks with high priority were identified. The chemistry refinery’s section and steam’s unit had the most identified risks. Among the risk controlling strategies, reducing risk’s intensity with 73 percent was the most effective strategy. Also, 14 percent of strategies refer to exclusion, 10 percent to transfer and 3 percent to acceptance of risk.Conclusion: Combination of risk assessment methods and environmental pollutants concentrations measurements as well as identification process systemization can increase the accuracy and validity of the gained results.

Background & objeftive: The hexavalent chromium is a toxic and water-soluble heavy metal that is absorbed and stored through the digestive system and through the skin in the human body. Since the amount of chromium is impermissible in drinking water of Birjand. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of hexavalent chromium elimination from aqueous solutions using pine fruit powder and its activated carbon.Methods and Materials: In this research, for Calculate removal efficiency (Re), five parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial Cr (VI) concentration and Temperature was studied to evaluate the efficiency of these adsorbents in elimination of chromium. Experiments were intermittently performed in batch reactor on shaker.Results: The results showed that the adsorption of chromium significantly depends on the pH of the solution. The maximum adsorption rate of chromium was achieved in the pH of 3 for powder, and 1 for activated carbon. The maximum removal efficiency of Cr (VI) was 96.5 % for pine fruit powder, and for activated carbon of pine cones was 93.958%. According to the obtained results, the adsorption of soluble chromium ions was fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model.Conclusion: The most removal of the hexavalent chromium happened by pine fruit powder and pine cones can be used as an effective and inexpensive method to remove the hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions.

Background & objeftive: One of the most important environmental pollutants is color Compounds that are generally used in the textile, paper, cosmetics, food and leather industries, and their discharge into wastewater has harmful effects on the environment. The aim of this study is determination of the efficiency of ash and powder of Rosa Damascena Wastes in removal of Reactive Blue from aqueous solutions.Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, after the preparation of the powder and ash adsorbents of Rosa Damascena Wastes, the effects of various operation parameters such as pH (3-10), the initial concentration of dye (25, 50, 100 and 300 mg/L), contacttime (5-180 minutes) and adsorbent dose (0.5- 6 g/L) were studied. Finally the results were analyzed by kinetics and isotherm modeling.ResultsIn this study, equilibrium time of powder and ash of Rosa Damascena Wastes Obtained 60 and 45 minutes respectively. The Maximum efficiencies of the powder and ash adsorbents were obtained 74 and 91 percent, respectively, at pH of 3, contacttime of equilibrium and adsorbent dosage of 4 g/L. isotherm studies matched with Freundlich isotherm models for both adsorbents. Kinetic equations better followed the pseudo-second of the model:.Conclusion: The results showed that Powder and ash of Rosa Damascena Wastes can be used as the effective, available and affordable adsorbents for removal of color pollutants from aqueous solutions.