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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    1-15
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    753
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In most studies on the distribution of soil carbon, three-dimensional distributions of soil inorganic carbon were neglected. Calcium carbonate is the most common carbonate in arid and semi-arid soils. Information on its spatial three-dimensional distribution is very important to determine factors controlling its distribution, to predict soil behavior and to improve soil management practice. The study aimed to map three-dimensional distributions of soil calcium carbonate (SCC) in an area of 3600 ha located in Silakhor plain (Lorestan province). An equal-area spline depth function (ESDF) was fitted to the measured SCC data of 103 pedons and the amounts of SCC at the five standard depths of the global soil map project were estimated. Then, ordinary kriging was employed to map the lateral distribution of SCC at all specified depths. Geo-statistical analysis showed that spherical model was the best model representing spatial structure of calcium carbonate in all depths. All experimental variograms had a nugget to sill ratio less than 25 %, which indicated strong spatial dependence for SCC. Anisotropy analysis indicated that the ranges of variograms for all specified depths in the northwest-southeast direction were more than perpendicular direction. It indicated that SCC had more spatial dependence along Silakhor plain due to small variations in land use, slope and parent materials along the plain. Spline functions showed good performance in predicting vertical distribution of SCC (R2=0.88, RMSE=0.99). Both lateral continuous maps and spline functions indicated an increasing trend in SCC with increasing depth. In the eastern and southern parts, due to poor drainage and low leaching, SCC was high and its increasing trend with depths was not significant. Generally, results indicated that combination of spline functions and geo-statistical method is a promising approach to map three-dimensional distribution of SCC and to deal with some of the problem arising from legacy soil maps.

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Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    16-30
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    942
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Land suitability is the degree of appropriateness of land for a certain use. Land suitability could be assessed for present condition or after improvement. In Gyan area, after sampling of 8 profiles, physical and chemical analyses were performed and the profiles were classified in Entisols and Inceptisols orders profiles based on Keys to Soil Taxonomy 2014. After the collecting climate, soils and land scape informations, land suitability evaluation for Canola and Sugarbeet products were carried out with quality land suitability methods in FAO system and with using Geographic Information System (GIS). The square root method results were more accurate and close to actual observantions. The achived climate for Sugarbeet was 96.5 and for Canola cultivation was 90.5. However, the climate classes don’t have limitation for considering products and the subcalss for both products was S1. On the simple limitation method, Canola and Sugar beet cultivations classified on S3 (with 53.9% of land area) and S2 (71% of land area) classes, respectively. Subclasses in limitation method regarding number and intensity were achived S3 for Canola and in some profile, S2 and for sugare beet were determined S1 and S2 classes. Results in these methods were similar to simple limitation methods. Subclasses in parametric method (root square) were achived S3 for Canola (88% of the land area) equal to 1350 ha and S2 for Sugar beet cultivation (46.3% of land area) equal to 710 ha and also S3. The main limitating factors were water deficiency in the region, gravel and pH. The results showed that the study area is more suitable for Sugarbeet than Canola cultivation. The using of GIS software accelerated land suitability mapping.

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Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    31-40
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    7531
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In order to investigate the effect of urea with humic acid vermicompost and urea with humic acid mushroom compost substrate application on some nutrients concentration and some growth characteristics of maize plant (Zea mays cv. single cross-704), a greenhouse experiment was conducted in randomized completely design with three replications. This study compared five different types of treatments which were urea without additives (U), urea with pure humic acid vermicompost powdered form (U+Vp), urea with pure humic acid mushroom compost substrate powdered form (U+Mp), urea with impure humic acid vermicompost powdered form (U+Vi), urea with impure humic acid mushroom compost substrate powdered form (U+Mi). The results indicated that plant high, shoot dry and fresh weight were markedly higher when humic acid-urea fertilizers were applied. In addition, the results indicated that the concentration of P, K and N in maize plant significantly increased by humic acid-urea experiment treatments. The greatest amount of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen observed in treatment maize plants received urea with pure humic acid vermicompost powdered form (U+Vp), urea with pure humic acid mushroom powdered form (U+Mp), urea with impure humic acid vermicompost powdered form (U+Vi) and urea with impure humic acid mushroom compost substrate powdered form (U+Mi). Some agronomic characteristics of maize plants were markedly increased when humic acid- urea fertilizers were applied.

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Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    41-51
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    948
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) can be used as an efficient method to interpret the results of plant analysis and the nutritional requirements of agricultural and horticultural crops. To determine the DOP norms and evaluation nutritional status of watermelon, leaf samples were collected from 150 fields of watermelon in west Azerbaijan; and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were determined. The fields were divided into high-yielding (23% of fields, ³ 40.5 ton ha-1) and low-yielding (77% of fields;<40.5 ton ha-1) subgroup and DOP norms were calculated using standard DOP procedure. The optimum concentration of nutrients in leaves of watermelon were obtained as follows: for nitrogen (%2.8), phosphorus (%0.25), potassium (%2.4), calcium (%1) and magnesium %0.47), iron (106 mg kg-1) manganese (83 mg kg-1), zinc (45 mg kg-1), copper (15 mg kg-1) and boron (30 mg kg-1) Among macronutrients, nitrogen and potassium had highest negative indices in 95% and 93% of the studied fields, respectively and among micronutrients, zinc and iron were in 84% and 72% as well. Based on DOP indices, the order of plant nutrients requirement were determined as N>K>Mg>P>Ca for macronutrients and as Zn>Fe>B>Cu>Mn for micronutrients. Plants have high nutritional balance index (NBI) indicating relatively imbalance of absorbed nutrients by watermelon and imbalance fertilizer application in the studied fields.

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Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    52-65
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1502
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are among heavy metals which enter water, soil, plants and ultimately the human and animals food chain from variouse resources and can cause serious damages. Several methods has been suggested for remediation of contaminated soils. Phytoremediation is a promising technology for this purpose. Harvesting and maximum extraction of contaminants from soil environment is the purpose of phytoremediation. Use of chelates, is one of the effective approaches for increasing the bioavailability of heavy metals. Therefore, In this study, the effects of Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA) as a chelating agent on increased absorption of Pb and Cd by Canola (Okapi) were studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse as a factorial and completely randomized design with three replication. Factors included of: 1- EDTA Application in two levels (0 and 2.7 mmol kg-1 soil), 2- Pb at three levels (0, 150 and 500 mg kg-1 soil) and 3- Cd in three levels (0, 3 and 10 mg kg-1 soil). Consequently, a non-contaminated soil was selected and contaminated with different amounts of Pb and Cd. Then, canola seeds were planted and after harvest, Pb and Cd concentration in plants (grain and straw) and soil was measured. The results showed that EDTA application was able to increase Pb and Cd solubility in soil solution, resulting in increased absorption of Pb in straw (25.6 times) and grain (11.2 times) and Cd in straw (12 %). Also studying the Pb and Cd concentration in canola showed that in canola straw in contaminated treatments, Cd concentration (7.35-23.1 mg kg-1) in both levels of EDTA and Pb concentration (106.47-275.48 mg kg-1) only in treatment with EDTA were observed in toxicity limit.

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Author(s): 

Parviz Laleh

Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    66-80
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1170
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Soil properties determination such as soil texture is an important tool for proper management, optimized and sustainable use of soil. The aim of this research is determination the soil texture, geometric mean and standard deviation of soil particles using images of MODIS sensor in the period of 2015-2016. After soil texture determination using hydrometer method, artificial neural network model have been used for soil properties determination using reflectance, thermal bands and indices of satellite images. The preprocessing is one the most important parts in the modeling process. In this research, the preprocessing of input parameters was based on the significance of correlation coefficient, using the constant number of input parameters and stepwise regression. Stepwise regression method has the minimum error which the RMSE decreasing rather to the significance correlation and constant input parameter methods for clay content determination was 22 and 18.6 percent, for sand determination 43.19 and 71.23 percent, for geometric mean determination 80.14 and 27.29 percent, for standard devotion determination 21.17 and 38.71 percent. Also, in the case of silt calculation, the RMSE decreasing rather to the constant input parameter method was 55.13 percent. The minimum of average criteria; RMSE, MAE and MRE for three different preprocessing methods was related to the sand particle, for example the average of MAE for clay, sand and silt was 1.74, 1,2 and 1,66 respectively. RMSE decreasing of sand, 27.77, using artificial neural networks indicted the better performance of method relative to the classical regression. Generally, the kind of input parameters and kind of modeling is important factors in the soil texture determination.

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Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    81-94
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    629
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Degree of soil evolution, type and amount of clay minerals are among the factors affecting potassium release from the soils. The release rate of non-exchangeable K (NEK) plays a significant role in supplying K for plants; particularly in soils that they are rich in K bearing minerals such as mica and feldespar. Kinetics of K+ release was studied by extraction with 0.01 M CaCl2 in 14 surface soils of different climatic regions of Kohgilouye Province, southwestern Iran. Mineralogical analyses revealed that smectite, illite, chlorite and palygroskite are major clay minerals of the soils studied. The release rate of NEK at the end of extraction (656h) was in the range of 38.1 (Typic Xerorthents) to 320 mg kg-1 (Calcic Haploxeralfs). In addition, the release rate of K showed higher correlation with the properties such as clay content, NEK, CEC as well as illite and smectite contents. The amount of K release was in the sequence: Alfisols (222.3 mg kg-1) > Inceptisols (111.3 mg kg-1) > Entisols (105.0 mg kg-1). Power function, first order and parabulic diffusion equations could reasonably describe the K release kinetics. Fit of the data to these equations indicated that K release is controlled mainly by diffusion process.

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Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    95-107
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1460
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) is a perennial and aromatic herb plant, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Its essential oil has antifungal and antibacterial properties and used in food and pharmaceutical industries. To study the effects of foliar application of urea and amino acids on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of anise hyssop, a pot experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were foliar application of urea (0.5, 1 and 2 g/l), aspartic acid (100, 200 and 300 mg/l), glutamic acid (100, 200 and 300 mg/l) and control (no nitrogen application). The results showed that foliar application of urea and amino acids had significant effects on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. The highest and the lowest amounts of plant height, leaf number and area, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves and stems were obtained in 2 g/l of urea and control treatments, respectively. Foliar application of urea and amino acids increased photosynthesis pigments, proline, total soluble sugars, total protein and nitrogen content of leaves compared to control. Total protein, total soluble sugars, proline, leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content increased as the concentration of amino acids increased. Overall, the findings of this study showed that foliar application of 2 g/l of urea was the most effective treatment for the studied characteristics however amino acids through improvement of growth and physiological characteristics can be used as new sources of nitrogen for plant nutrition.

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Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    108-121
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    575
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Foliar application of micronutrients has very important on increase of quantitative and qualitative corps. In order to investigate the reaction of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to micronutrients application was carried out a randomized complete block design with four fertilizer treatments (foliar application) including boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) with a concentration of 5 per thousands the 8-10 and 14-16 -leaf stage of sugar beet with 4 replications. Sample plot was prepared without foliar application. Physicochemical properties of soil were determined by standard methods. So, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet including total sugar content, pure sugar content, and molasses sugar content, Na, K and N content in root, alkalinity, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield and pure sugar and total sugar yield were determined in sugar beet samples. Results showed that the foliar application of micronutrients on all characteristics studied had significant effect (p<0.01). The highest pure sugar (18.16%) and sugar extraction coefficient (91.66%) was observed in the B treatment. In addition, the highest root yield (77.10 t ha-1) was observed in the Mn treatment. The results showed that the quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet was increased due to the foliar application of micronutrients with improve the efficiency of the elements.

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Journal: 

APPLIED SOIL RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    122-134
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    842
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth. Copper application can have a significant impact on Mn, K, P and other nutrients in plants nutrition. In this study the effect of applied Cu on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, concentration and uptake of Cu, Mn, K and P in 21 calcareous soils was checked out. In order to measure the concentration and content of uptake of the studied elements, in a greenhouse experiment, corn plant (Zea mays L.) single cross 704 variety cultivated in two levels of Cu, zero (control) and 7.5 mg Cu per kg-1 of soil as CuSO4.5H2O. The experiment was carried out as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. According to the results, by application of copper, corn shoot dry weight, shoot Cu concentration and uptake and root Cu concentration were significantly increased (p<0.05). But applied Cu couldn't significantly increase root dry weight, shoot K and P concentration and shoot Mn uptake. Nevertheless, applied Cu significantly decreased shoot Mn concentration (p<0.05). Finally, the interaction of soil × applied Cu on shoot dry weight; shoot Cu, Mn and P concentration was significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the interaction of applied Cu on P and K translocation factor was significant that indicated Cu effects on translocation of this two nutrient from root to shoot.

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