SPORT MEDICINE STUDIES
Year:2016 | Volume:- | Issue:18|Papers Count:6

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of backward walking training on the maximum tensions of the knee and ankle joints’ muscles during forward walking. Thirty volunteer male university students were divided into control and experimental groups and the subjects of the experimental group participated in a 4-week backward walking training program. Kinematics of the knee and ankle joints of the dominant limb along with the electromyography of their muscles were recorded during forward walking in pre- and post-tests. Maximum muscular tensions of the knee and ankle joints were determined during flexion and extension phases. Results showed backward walking training decreased the maximum tensions of some of the knee extensors and flexors during forward walking. This reduction, that indicates improvement of control mechanisms of the central nervous system to maintain the joint balance, decreases the energy expenditure and delays the muscle fatigue during forward walking.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eightweeks’ endurance training on femur, s biomechanical properties of old male rats. Twenty months old male Wistar rats (360.5±15.4 gr) were assigned to sedentary control group (n=10) and endurance training group (n=10). Endurance training group was exercised on treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 times per week and 60 minutes per day at velocity up to 28 m/min. Forty-eight hours after last session of exercise training, animals were anesthetized and femur bones were removed. Three– point bending test was used to determine bone stiffness, fracture energy, strength and deformation. Results of this study apparently showed that 8 weeks’endurance training had no significant effect on bone stiffness, fracture energy, strength and deformation. It’s may be due to subject, s age and gender and also training protocol. Thus, it is suggested that more research should be done.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three exercise therapy protocols on pain, muscle strength and function for patellofemoral pain syndrome.41 women with patellofemoral pain syndrome were randomly assigned to the intervention groups and control group. All intervention groups participated in an eight-week exercise protocol.Pain, knee extensors, hip abductors and external rotators strength and function of patients were assessed before and after the intervention. According to repeated measure ANOVA all intervention groups showed significant improvement in pain, muscle strength and function. There weren’t significant improvements in quadriceps strength and function in the hip group. The observed improvements in pain scale in the three exercise groups were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Rehabilitation programs focusing on knee strengthening exercises and knee-hip strengthening exercises were both effective in improving function and reducing pain in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

the mechanisms of knee pain reduction have not completely been established following patellar taping in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of patellar taping on three-dimensional hip and knee joint moments during the stance phase of running in females with PFPS. Kinematic and kinetic variables of 14 females with PFPS were recorded by five video cameras (200 Hz) and one force plate (1000Hz). Newton-Euler inverse dynamic equations were performed to calculate joint moments. A paired sample T-tests was utilized to compare between two conditions with and without taping. The peak values of knee abductormoment were decreased significantly following a patellar taping (No taping 0.44; Taping 0.25 N.m/kg). There were no significant differences between the peak values of hip joint moments between two conditions. Decreased peak values of knee abductor moment may explain the mechanism of pain reduction following patellar taping in individuals with PFPS.

Leg stiffness is the main parameter in mass-spring model of human movement and its correlation to success of some sports performances has been previously presented. The current study was performed to determine the relationship between leg stiffness and stretch-shortening cycle efficiency during vertical jumps.12 elite female squash players (age 22.8 ± 5.9 yrs, weight 60.62 ± 3.37 kg, height 165 ± 0.06 m) volunteered to the study and performed the hopping test at 2.2 Hz and two vertical jumps, squat jump and countermovement jump. Leg stiffness was measured using hopping test data and was normalized by body mass. Difference in jump height between two jumps was considered as the criterion of stretch-shortening cycle efficiency. Normalized leg stiffness showed positive significant correlation to difference in jump height. On the base of this result, enhancing the leg stiffness may improve the stretch-shortening cycle efficiency in vertical jump and the similar movements.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissues in measuring thoracic kyphosis by flexible ruler through placement on the body and on X-Ray and also comparing the results with the Cobb method. The number ofsubjects formed 18 persons.The result of this study showed, high validity between measurements with a flexible curve on the body and on X-ray and the Cobb method, and also reported a high correlation between measurement with flexible curve on body and on X-Ray. The comparison of the three methods in terms of mean; there was no considerable difference between the result of flexible curve on body and on X-Ray and also between measurement with the flexible curve on X-Ray and Cobb method. According to the finding of this study, can be reported; the flexible curve has a high validity in compared with X-ray and soft tissues of the spine have no effect on the measurement by flexible ruler.