GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
Year:2009 | Volume:24 | Issue:3 (94)|Papers Count:7

The urban pyramid of Zagross region in 1385, in terms of population percent, indicates disequilibium in population distribution. In this year out of 119 cities in the region, 17% of the urban population belongs to the only great city in the Zagros region and 11.5% is related to the village-cities, (87 cities), which means the cities with less than 25000 individuals. In addition, spatial distribution of the population indicated that urbanization has been concentrated in the center and east perceptibly. In a manner that its population is more than 65% of the urban population. In this article the role of the middle cities in spatial development of Zagross has been analyzed using qualitative methods in models regarding population variants, occupation, educational (health), cultural facilities and their effect on the region. The results indicate that regarding entropy coefficient, the middle cities had partial favorable effect in the development and distribution of population in Zagross region in a manner that without considering these cities, the entropy coefficient becomes less and it manifests more imbalance in the urban system of the region. Regarding elasticity coefficient, the cities of Hamedan, Khoramabad, and Ilam have high elasticity potential and the cities of Borujerd and Malayer enjoy low elasticity potential. Studying the operation of cities with location coefficient indicate that the cities of Malayer, Khoramabad and Borujerd regarding (Agriculture), the cities of Hamedan, Malayer, Saghez, Borujerd and Dorud (industry) and the cities of Hamedan, Sanandaj, Khoramabad and Ilam (Services) have basic conditions and they are exporter of services to the areas under their influence. The comparative study of development degree for the region cities and the position of the middle cities compared to the region cities regarding the study indices with TOPSIS method indicate that the middle cities and their suburbs are respectively included in the deprived and semi-enjoyable cities in the region.

A spectral analysis is a technique to discover and analyses of obvious and latent different waves in climatic oscillation. The spectrum yields a measure of distribution of variance in a time series over all possible wavelengths. In this paper the periodic cycles of annual air temperature time series of Tabriz city for 1951-2005 (55 years) have been estimated based on harmonic analyses.Accordingly at first the periodogram smoothed, and then confidence interval of smoothed periodogram estimated to find out the significant cycles. The result of this method in Tabriz shows prominent sinusoidal periodicities at 2-2.6 and 4.5-5 years as well as a non – sinusoidal (trend) cycle. The periodic behaviors are proofed in many other studies as an ENSO or solar activities results and In others as a result of zonal winds change, while the 5 year cycles are related to the error of waveforms over relatively short, finite intervals.

From ancient time, carpet industry among the Turkmans has had a good market. But in recent years is declining particulary from the quality of production. Not only this has caused great financial losses for the industry, it has also damaged one of the sources of creating jobs in the region. The goal of this investigation was to identify and analyse the reasons for which this decline in quality has occurred, thereby the people in charge of making policies can overcome this problem by making proper decisions. This research is descriptive-analytic in nature and was carried out based on the reference method. Using the method of classified sampling based on the corresponding average and the formula, the number of samples was estimated at 237. The field data was collected through the questionnaire method.The studied items were the following: method of teaching, kind of participation, social background, relationship between work and productivity.The study conducted that almost all carpet weavers are hired on a partial wage method, which concentrates more on the quantity rather than the quality of the production. The main method of carpet weaving in the region is the traditional method, which does not answer today's needs. There is little cooperation among carpet weavers whereas cooperation is a crucialfactor in improving the relationship between work and productivity, and hence in improving the quality of production. The social status of carpet weavers is not attractive and because of this the talented people are not attracted to this industry.

Faults as important tectonic factors are influnece on geomorphological landforms. The Tabriz fualt with 600 Km length from Zanjan-Soltanieh. to Ararat mountains is most important fault in the north western of Iran, what is recognizable in the satellite images. Derivated data and information of earthquakes indicated probility of event of intensive earthquakes in tabriz and neighbouring areas. Quantitative measurment indicators such as proportion longitudinal profile to reference profile, proportion between the width of vallies to average of the height and sinuosity of montain front ration indicated the active fault. Tabriz fault have horizental and vertical movements. Newest movement is horizontal and strike-slip. According to the last studies of Tabriz fault geomorphological contain horst, graben, overthrust, alluvial fan displaced, river teraces, displaced and cutting streams, scarps, meander, shutter ridges and others are in relation to the tectonic activities. Also formation of Tabriz fualt had indirect effects on magmatism, salty diapers, hot spring, mineral spring, mud volcano and etc.

This paper has accomplished to survey of the spatial arrangment of mazandaran cities and its reasons. The research method is an analytical descriptive method and has been used quantitative techniques such as nearest neighbourhood index, Dispersion about the medium centre, Lorenz curve and Pearson correlation for analysis of data and to show of the results soft wares of Corel Draw, Spss and Excel were used.Results of the research indicated that in studied region with Uniform distribution of perapitation, fertile soils and normal temperature, the geographic distribution of cities has cluster status. For this status, except of natural parameters some human factors such as transit roads, eliminate of deprivation policies played an important role In the 1385 year, 82.3 percent of the all cities (51) lied in the plain section, 56.8 percent were ahead of transit roads, 31.3 located in the sea side and 49.01 percent were in the rivers side.

Tectonics is the major process which causes relief of the earth surface, and result in producing different forms during the history of the earth. Tectonic movements have effect on erosional processes especially fluvial processes. The continuation of the movement of Arabian plate toward the central Iran plate cause Zagors fold trust belt, Mesopotamia and more folding at margin of Arabian plate and consequently movement of Zagors proforland toward the southwest. This problem results in the surface of Khuzestan plain to become a swelling surface and several anticline and syncline appear on it. These forgoing phenomena have a direct effect on the dynamic and there for the morphogenesis of the plain. In fact, one can simulate all of these events to a mega wave moving toward the south west. The wave peak can then be corresponded to Zagros Mountains and the wave trough to the Mesopotamia. The goal of this study is the investigation of the evidences of wave movement and the responses of drainage network to it. The methodology used in this work includes investigation of the evidences of wave movement and calculation of active tectonic indices, Ultimately the response of drainage network to it. The major conclusions from this paper are as follows: In the north of Khuzestan plain first stages struteral evolution are occur. The alluvial rivers in the Khuzestan plain have responded and adjusted to slow and subtle Active tectonic movements. These adjustments can be recognized using geomorphic data.

Parks and green spaces beside on making good urban land scape are important for human health. Urbanism is affected by artificial elementsof environment which are unfamiliar with biological harmonies and causes stress reaction in citizens. Citizens need to rest in natural environment; so it is important to improve the quality of parks.Zayandehrood River in Isfahan has created excellent opportunities for make parks with great view which many citizens spend their leisure time in. The aim of this study is evaluation of significant criteria of Riverside parks of Zayandehrood from viewpoint of urban tourists. These criteria are very important for designing the parks.This paper follows the scientific method and hypothesis is: «the citizens' satisfaction rate about criteria of safety, security, facilities, light and sanitary wares in the parks of Zayandehrood affect on spending time there. Populations of research are who refer to the parks of the Zayandehrood and sample size is 100 persons. The needed data have been gathered through library studies and field works. Analysis of data has done by inferencing statistics using Excel and SPSS softwares. For this, it has used the multivariable linear regression which spending time in parks is dependent variable, and safety, security, facilities, light and sanitary wares are independent variables. The results of this paper shows that there is a strong degree of correlation between two groups of variables. So, it is necessary to consider increasing the quality and quantity of those criteria. It is notable that safety has gained the lowest rate with average 51%, and security has gained the highest rate with average 79%.