Police Historical Studies
Year:2024 | Volume:11 | Issue:41|Papers Count:6

Hossein Qoli Khan, Bakhtiari boss in the Nasrid era, tried to secure the security of the Bakhtiari areas and gain legitimacy for himself by using various political, police and judicial methods. By interacting properly with the government officials, he upgraded the position of his clan from a threat against the established government to a useful and effective element. Dismantling banditry, securing the roads and creating a simple judicial mechanism to maintain the existing security were among his other effective measures in providing social security. In this regard, the present article with a descriptive-analytical approach and posing the question: what was the effect of the security measures of Hossein Qali Khan Bakhtiari in the Bakhtiari-populated areas in the development of his political legitimacy and the formation of his authority in the opinion of the central government, people and Bakhtiari clans? It explains and analyzes the order and coherence of the region in the light of his security measures. The result of the research shows that the mentioned character, who had reached the position of Khan in the traditional way, was first appointed to the position of Nazmi Bakhtiari and then Ilkhani of all Bakhtiari clans in the light of constructive interaction with the center. While gaining political legitimacy, he institutionalized the power structure of the clan and established different conditions in the contemporary history of the Bakhtiari clan.

 During the reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1313-1264 AH) simultaneously with the opening of Dar al-Funun school, a large number of European military advisers came to Iran and, along with military activities, they were engaged in teaching at Dar al-Funun school. The strong presence of Western soldiers in Iran and the great interest of Iranian statesmen in carrying out structural reforms and implementing modern Western ideas in the traditional Qajar society caused the Iranian government to think of taking advantage of their capacities and capabilities and changing the military and security structure of the country. Therefore, writing or translating new military books was put on the agenda of the government. Alexandre Behler, a French teacher of geometry and military exercises, was one of the diligent people in this field and wrote many works in military and policing fields, none of which have been corrected or published until today. The present article tries to find an answer to the question of the form and content of Alexander Behler's military letters in terms of form and content, and to which military, law enforcement and security fields they refer to, by applying the descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research show that in his works, relying on the support of the Shah and Iranian statesmen and using his military and technical knowledge, he carried out structural reforms in various military and law enforcement fields such as: training soldiers, new offensive methods, strengthening the defensive structure and providing It has paid attention to urban security.

The issues that happened after the victory of the constitutionalists and the conquest of Tehran added to the scope of insecurity and chaos in the country. The constitutionalists in the new government realized that they would not be able to establish order and security in the country without an efficient and organized system. Due to the insecurity in the country, the leaders of the government thought of attracting foreign advisers from western countries. With the approval of the parliament, some Swedish soldiers were invited to Iran by the government and took over the administration of Nazmiyah. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on documentary studies, aims to evaluate the actions of these foreign officers by providing a methodical understanding of the organization of the police during the presence of the Swedes, and at the end, examine the fate of these Swedish officers. In this regard, the main question of this research is, what measures did the Swedes take on the regime during their presidency and what was their impact? The findings of the research show that the Swedes, during their presence in Nazmiyah, which lasted for almost 10 years, were able to make important and practical changes in Nazmiyah's organization by taking advantage of their military experience and generally western policing and policing principles. These measures caused the organization of the order to change to a great extent in terms of organization and structure, and relative security was created in the big cities. With the emergence of Reza Khan, he could not tolerate the existence of legalistic Swedish officers in the internal power structure of the country, and prepared the preparations for the expulsion of these officers from the order under various pretexts. 

Among the positions of the head of the Sassanid imperial court was the position of Hazarbed. Hazarbed was not only the commander of the king's guard regiment, but sometimes he played a key role in guarding the territory of the Sassanid Empire and ensuring order and security by maintaining his position and sometimes as the commander in chief of the military. Due to the fact that in some part of the Sasanian history, the Vizarg Farmadar was called by the title of Hazarbed, some researchers believe that in the first years of the Sasanian era, Hazarbed was the title of Vizarg Farmadar, and it was a civilian position. has become Meanwhile, this belief is contrary to some historical reports and archaeological evidence. Therefore, the hypothesis that this article is trying to determine is true or false, it can be proposed that, in the early years of the Sasanian era, Hazarbed was not the title of minister and did not become a civilian position. In addition, in this research, which was conducted in a historical way and using library sources and archaeological evidence, the role of the Hazarbed position in the political and military-security developments of the Sassanid era has also been analyzed. The findings of the present research show that in the early years of the Sasanian era, Hazarbed had a purely military position, and in the middle years, he had both military and national authority. In the final period of the Sassanid era, he played an important role in ensuring order and security while guarding the western territory of the Sassanid Empire, in the guise of Commander-in-Chief of the Corps or Iran-Sepahbaz.

Establishing order and then establishing security is one of the most important functions of any government or political system, and considering that in any political system, establishing order and establishing security is related to the issue of the continuation of the power and dominance of the rulers, so it can be said that the existence of order and security in The different forms are directly related to the manner and quality of the ruler's rule. Accordingly, in the political culture of ancient Iran, improving the quality of the kingdom of the emperors or practicing self-reliance based on the Yazidi tradition, has removed part of the security and order gaps in the society that led to the decline of the government and the fall of the kingdom. The book Ahed Ardashir contains the instructions of Ardashir, the founder of the Sassanid dynasty, addressed to his successors and derived from the political thought of ancient Iranians. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question, what strategies does Ardeshir recommend in his directive in order to create order and security in the society, in the field of Shahriaran governance? And what is the purpose of Ardeshir in presenting these strategies? The results of the research indicate that Ardeshir presents the dos and don'ts of Shahriari in different political, social and cultural fields, taking into account the principles governing the ideology of the Sasanian government. It can be said that Ardeshir's short-term goal of expressing these strategies was to improve the quality of governance for the kings after him, to create order and maintain security both internally and externally, and his long-term goal was to maintain and survive the government or political system.

Khilaat refers to any type of gift that is given by a higher authority to a lower authority. This tradition continued with the advent of the Safavids. In such a way that giving Khilaat was an inseparable part of relations within the government and was influential in the process of formation and stabilization of the Safavid government in the face of opponents and establishing order and security in line with centralism. From this point of view, the present research was tried to answer the question of the quality and quantity of the influence of Khilaat and giving Khilaat in the political-security relations of the Safavid government. The findings of the research indicate that Khilaat and giving Khilaat were one of the most important elements of the Safavid rulers to stabilize the situation in terms of things like controlling the rebels and convincing them after defeat, which can be considered as a means of attracting or stabilizing the status quo. In this way, their status and position, which included a wide range of diverse situations, would be further stabilized. In the continuation of this process, with the stabilization and consolidation of the Safavid government, the removal of power was used to stabilize the granting of positions, political revenges, good service in the face of enemies, and the display of power among different levels of effective power.