Sociological Review
Year:2018 | Volume:24 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:8

In spite of the extended use of social class concept to explain many problems and phenomena in Iranian intellectual sphere, a little empirical effort has been made to investigate this concept in Iran. This paper deals with social class values in Iran and identifies three classes including lower, middle and upper class. It defines the class via the profession position but uses the asset along with profession to identify the upper class. The research implemented by the interview and thematic analysis and including 68 interviews with the participants from this three classes. The results show that while the three classes have some values in common but they are different in some other values and sometimes there are several differences among a class. The social values are presented in four categories including social, economic, developmental values and values related to inequality and justice. The main dominated values across the classes are as follow: show off, individualism, emphasis on deserves, and money-wasting in upper class; individualism, emphasis on social responsibility, social reform and deserved in middle class; show off, social competition, individualism, and emphasis on deserved in lower class. The upper class and a layer of the middle class are seeking to defend their class interests. The other parts of middle class are seeking to improve the social situation and their quality of life and along with a layer from the upper class are willing to participate in reformative actions. The lower class tries to retain the sustainability of the need satisfying.

This article is about categorization of Islamic Republic of Iran’s government. the president in Iran is the head of the government and is the executive state and it means the president is the level of execution. The head of state is the supreme leader. The present study investigates the type of policy-making according to the type of government in Iran. This categorization, by following the method of Max Weber, introduces two Ideal types of government related to civil society by the names of self-sufficient state and connection government. The purpose is to sum up the variety of discourses, performances, policies and actions of any IRI governments at a macro level orientation. Such a view can generally link up political, economic, social and cultural policy orientations according to the implications of each type of them. In these four dimensions, connection government is an elitist, modernist, deconstructive and liberal government while the self-sufficient government has populistic, traditionalist, reconstructive and egalitarian features. In conclusion, a way for achieving more integration in choosing policies has been suggested.

In an increasingly globalized world, nations and governments need to provide clear images of themselves to other nations and societies and media play an important role in this process. Theory of image and media with an emphasis on country image analysis methods provides a conceptual and analytical framework for analyzing Iran image in a longitudinal text analysis of leading Turkish newspaper text. Analysis showed that the governance and people constitute a major frame. Most of the negative image of Iran images is related to the tourism and governance. The difference is that the negative attitude of the governance in accordance with their relationship was varied but negative attitudes to tourism and its dimensions show the same trends during the period of study. The results also showed that rival and cooperator discourse was the dominant discourse of the Turkish press about Iran. Iran's images with its dimensions, valence and discourse in selective Turkish press have changed over time and according to the bilateral relations and regional developments. Recommendations were presented to improve the quality of coverage and objective imaging of Iran in Turkish society. Country image, image of Iran, Turkish newspaper, framing analysis.

This paper aims to investigate and analyze the role of housing policy making in generating the informal policies in the field of housing, which is being referred to as informality. For this purpose, the effort was made to show that how the housing welfare policies, while themselves being a product of forces and more major structures in global, national and metropolitan scales, generate the other self, i.e. the informal processes. Since the emergence of neoliberal policies in 1970s, the housing policies themselves have become a mechanism for regeneration of informality in the form of informal settlements. Accordingly, the findings show that formal and informal policies are not currently two separate processes, rather they are united ones; formalizing and in formalizing which is named by some as informality. Therefore, unlike some western countries where urbanization has occurred by reliance on an industrialization process, in Iran we are faced with an urbanization without industrialization so that the urbanization in Iran with an oil-based economy even could be referred to as oil-based urbanization. This leads to some variations in experiences of Iranian and industrial western urbanization, as, in absence of a powerful production-based economy, spill-over of investment towards real states causes the city economy and subsequently the economy of the country to essentially find a speculative nature, which could have disastrous consequences in case of crisis outbreak.

This article attempts to analyze the economic activity of a group of Azeri Turks that called daryanis. The present study is conducted within the framework of qualitative research and using grounded theory. The target community in this study was Daryani groups and interviews were conducted using Non-probabilistic sampling with 30 people in the method of snowball technique.The findings of the paper show that Economic activities in the sector of supermarket and chain store are embededded into social structure and network performance. This group has settled in Tehran and they has been engaged in cohesive economic activity and they has succeeded in following the steps and recommendations of the pioneers and network operations. The findings show that the combination of individual capabilities, collective actions and the mechanism of these actions has been effective in the process of "flexible embededdness" and these have been their success factors.

Present paper tries to compare Foucauldian Idea about classificatory medicine with Iranian-Islamic medicine. In West word, before clinical-Anatomical medicine, classificatory medicine was usual. Presenting a comparison between Islamic-Iranian medicine discourse and classificatory medicine can be seen in historical communications between them. Present paper tries to show the space of configuration of the disease and space of localization of the illness in the body, in Foucauldian terms, can be traced in Iranian-Islamic medicine discourse. Based on this comparison, it can be claimed Iranian-Islamic medicine discourse is a kind of classificatory medicine which is theorized in Foucault’s idea.

Increasing the media literacy of audiences is a key factor that has changed the audience and the audience's relationship with the media forever and therefore media also should be transformed to keep accomplishing their goals and missions. By choosing IRIB as a medium of this research, identifying the challenges of the increasing media literacy of audiences for IRIB was set as an aim of the research. Researcher adopted Delphi as a research method. In the first phase of Delphi method (goal: To identify the challenges) researcher achieved 52 Challenges of increasing the media literacy of audiences for IRIB by conducting 21 interviews with experts and codifying them. In the second and third phase of Delphi method (goal: to reach Consensus on Challenges) by sending questionnaires and receiving 18 questionnaires in the second phase And 15 questionnaire in the third phase, experts reached consensus on 50 challenges out of the 52 challenges which were identified in the first phase. Audience reduction, Decreasing the tolerance of audiences and increasing audience s' expectations, Increasing the possibility of the audiences s' opposition to the incoming messages, Reducing media credibility for audiences, The need to increase the  technical quality of media production, Decreasing the media image, Reducing media effectiveness, Reducing advertising revenues of media, Audiences s' distrust of media, Lack of media impact in crises, Reducing media control over public opinion, Increasing the costs of media production, The necessity of the presence of specialists in the media, The need to upgrade and improve media promotion methods, The difficulty of making meaning for the media, losing  the ability to make norms for the media and the force to compromise on the red lines, Increasing the image of the ineffectiveness of the political system  and Loss to the domestic economy are among the important findings of this research.