Year:2006 | Volume:- | Issue:26|Papers Count:14

The purpose of this study was to investigate the organizational commitment of employees in physical education and health under secretary of education ministry. Hereby a questionnaire which included 25 questions in likert scale was provided and distributed among employees. 85 questionnaire from 130 were back and analyzed as a sample of our statistic population in three dimensions affective, continues and normative dommitment. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between record of service and affective commitment, but no significant relationship between record of service and continues, affective commitment. Also there was a significant relationship between education grade and affective commitment and no significant relationship between education grade and normative, continues commitment. In firdman ranking, affective commitment demensron was in a high rank, then continues commitment and the last one waw affective commitment (In order).

This research with a cause-descriptive approach, examined the effects of desks and benches on the students upper skeletons and spinal columns. Among these students, 373 boys of three educational levels from Kermanshah were chosen and examined. They were divided into three groups; while sitting on benches poplitieal height and elbow height of 90 to the earth sitting position on the bench and were height, equal, and lower than the height of the seats of benches and height of the desks. These results were obtained after determining the prevalence level of the abnormality. Using analysis of statistical findings at safety level: In the case of asymmetry between poplitieal height and seat heights accompanied by lordosis abnormality of 43% severity for lower height and kyphosis for higher height at the level of α= 0.05; a meaningful relationship abnormality was gained. Furthermore, in the case of asymmetry between the height of elbow, 90 and height of the desk, for kyphosis abnormality a meaningful relationship of 27.5 severity was obtained, but there was no meaningful relationship in terms of lordosis abnormality. With regard to asymmetry between desks, benches and student’s body dimensions besides having at lest one abnormality in spinal column an skeletal organ; a meaningful relationship with 30% severity was achieved. There was no expressive relationship between dominant side of body and asymmetric shoulder or scholiosis abnormality.

The purpose of this study was to compare the postural deformities of upper limbs in fourth grade high school male students of Gorgan and Zahedan. This study was done among 800 fourth grade high school native students from Gorgan and Zahedan. Out of 800, using systematic sampling randomly, 100 students were chosen. At first, a questionnaire containing 46 questions in 7 parts were distributed among the subjects. After some explanations, they answered the questions, and got ready for being tested. Then, their upper limbs were evaluated behind the postpure screen. The results were recorded in a test based on available medical source. Decriptive and inference analysis of data using a computerized programes SPSS/PC, HG, EPI-INFO and test of hypotheses using X2 square procedure, T-Student and correlation were done. The results showed that the total percentage of deformities of Zahedan students were 48% and Gorgan 32% respectively. There was also a significant difference between scoliosis and pelvic tilt of Gorgan students and Zahedan students. The same condition was found among total students of Gorgan and Zahedan (α=0.05). A significant difference was found between lordosis and kyphosis of Zahedan students and Gorgan students as well. The same condition also was found among the total boys of Gorgan and Zahedan (α=0.05).

Attention to the place of national football team as the symbol of our football, it's victories or failures at the world level, and going over the national football team about the strengths and weaknesses during France World Cup 1998 would be a good guidline for all football managers, coaches and other authorities of football to take their next steps, specially for successful attendance at Germany World Cup 2006. For this perpous, library and field researches were used . Information was gathered from managers, experts and coaches of our football about administration, management, finance, properties, programming, coaches, players and the way games were held. It was sent to the football federation for practical use. The results of ananlysis of questionnaires (86 questions) were given to the national football experts. The results showed that our national team, inspite of all difficulties and deficiencies, has done well at whole, but to get over the deficiencies and strengthen the positive points, more trials should be done.

In cyclists, spinal column is used in an unusual position. As this position, especially in endurance cyclists, is often sustained for up to eight hours per day and repeated daily for many years, this might lead to some problems in spine and may result in pain. Based on the review of literature, existing research into the topic investigated in this study is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the prevalence of low-back pain differs between cyclists and non-cyclists. 240 male subjects (120 cyclists and 120 age matched non-cyclists) were investigate. A questionnaire developed by the researcher, was used to collect the data. Results showed that the prevalence of low-back pain was high among cyclists group (44%). The results of the study also indicated that the rate of low-back pain among cyclists was higher than their age matched non-cyclist group (26%). One of the possible caused of  low-back pain among cyclists especially those using lower handlebar bicycles and riding for longer periods might be the back’s erector spinae muscles that are in a chronic state of isometric contraction during cycling in a flexed position. While riding, most of the muscles that support or maintain the back position contract isometrically. Continued isometric contractions limit blood flow to the muscle, causing a lack of oxygen and intracellular shortage of potassium in the area. Consequently, a painful ischemic response and even secondly spasm may develop. Additionally, metabolic waste products may accumulate in these muscles and exacerbate the pain. However, it remains unclear whether low-back pain among cyclists associated more with muscular factors or degenerative lumbar disc, spondylolytic stress lesions, etc. To clarify this prospective, radiographic studies are needed to make sense of the current results.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training along with iron supplementation on blood components such as ferrite. HGB.HCT.RBC and WBC of Ahwaz Shahid Chamran University male students 38 subjects aged between 23 and 61, weight 68/96 kg and height 173/96 cm were randomly divided into 3 groups. Exercise + iron supplementation. Exercise placebo and control. Before a treatment. Hematological measures and parameters of iron status were determined in venous blood. Then the exercise iron supplementation and exercise placebo groups took part in 8 weeks of a predetermined aerobic training program during this period. The exercise iron supplementation and exercise placebo groups used 100mg ferrous sulfat tablet and placebo respectively at the pre and post of each exercise session. After 8 weeks, research variables were again measured as post-test. In order to count blood component, HYCELL counter and to measure Ferritin, Monobind kit along with ELLZA method were used. Descriptive statistic MAXOVA and one way ANOVA and SHEFE tests at the significant level of α<0.05 were used to test the hypothesis. The findings are as follows : Use of 8 weeks of iron supplementation did not change significantly HGB.HCT.RBC and WBC levels in different groups, while it leads to an increase in Ferritin levels (48 to 54 µg/l) in iron-treated group and significant decrease in placebo and control groups.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of the monotonous warm-up aerobic condition along with mind concentration on the unneces souy reduced adrenalin resulting from stress before competition. Two groups (20 athletes in each group) from 86 participants were selected randomly from son soo athletes. It took 15 minutes for each group to warm up themselves. The first group warmed up arbitratily consisting 1-2 min nild running and then a few explosive exercises and practing the technique. The second group began to run in aerobic conditions for 8-10 minutes. By counting the numbers during this period, the athletes tried to forget the competition stress. At the end, blood pressure was measured in both groups before entering the competition. The results were as follow: The mean adrenalin secretion in blood (Showing the stress level) after warm-up (comparing to the adrenalin level in normal conditions) was great. Adernalin secretion between two groups had a great difference. Lower stress in this group. Meanwhile, 65% the winners were in the second group.

 The purpose of this study was to determine. The Effect of 6 weeks of continuous and interval aerobic trainings on the humoral immune system in old female wistar rats. Twenty – four (20 months old and 300±10 gram weight) female wistar14848 rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups (control, continuous and interval group) and completed 6 weeks (5 days / week) of treadmill running. Animals were from pastor Institute of Iran and were individually housed in plastic cages used for this study. The animals were fed a standard laboratory food and allowed free access to food and water. The temperature of the animal room was between 19-22 C with 45%-65% relative humidity and of a 12/12 h light-dark cycle. Care and use of the rats were in accordance with protocols approved by pastor Institute of Iran. Lymphocyte subset fractions were measured twice: pre-test (at the beginning of training) and post-test (after 6 weeks of training) in blood samples including white Blood Cells, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM). Normal distribution of dependent variables was documented by Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test. In case of a significant interaction, 2× 2 ANOVA was applied to investigate the effect of the two different tests more closely. Post hoc analyses were carried out using the scheffe test. The level of statistical significances were set at P<0.05. Results showed that 6 weeks of continuous aerobic training had a significant effect on weight, WBC, IgA and IgM and also there was a significant effect in WBC, lymphocyte and weight with 6 weeks of interval aerobic training in old female wistar rats (P<0.05). Although there were significant effects between pre and post test in continuous and interval groups, no significant effect was found in humoral immune system among groups (continuous, interval and control) in old female wistar rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on GH, Testosterone and Cortisol secretion. For this reason, 20 swimmer students in university of Kurdestan were selected randomly (age=20.8±2.61) and divided in to two groups: creatine (N1=10) and placebo (N2=10). Creatine group subjects were given 20gr creatine daily (in form of a solution with apple juice, 4 times consisting of 5 gr creatine) for six days. The placebo group subjects were given 12gr flour daily under the same condition of the first one for the same duration. Both groups trained speed swimming during the six days. Blood samples were taken before and after trining program to measure hormone concentrations. The records of swimming (50m) were determined also in pretest and posttest. Analyzing data suing dependent and independent T showed: There was no significant difference between two groups (both pre and posttest) in hormone secretion (GH, Testosterone and Cortisol). But there was a significant difference in two groups (posttest) in Testosteron secretion, that increased significantly in creatine group (P=0.01). There was also a significant decrease in average time of 50m in creatine group (P=0.044).

This research aims at studding the effect of teaching dribbling in basketball and evaluating how much the learning affects the opposing limbs and estimating the effect of previous learning on the new skill and the transfer from one limb to the opposing limb in female students of Tehran University. In this research, 32 female students were selected randomly and assigned to 2 groups: A & B. In the first session, the aims and the procedures were introduced. In the second session all the participants performed a pretest in which the performance of two hands was tested. At the end of the course, a final test was performed on two hands. For statistical analysis, the SPSS program was used and the results are as follows According to the first hypothesis, the transfer of learning from performed hand to non-performed hand is not significant while the statistical analysis shows that it is significant and according to the second hypothesis, the transfer of learning from non-preferred hand to preferred hand is not significant while statistical results do not confirm it and the third hypothesis suggests the bilateral transfer of the skill between 2 hands  was the same but the data obtained from the test, does not confirm it and shows that the amount of transfer is significant and according to the fourth hypothesis, the effect of instruction on both preferred & non-preferred hands was the same and the statistical results also confirmed it.