JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:12

Social sustainability and social capital are phenomena that arise in the relationships between human beings. The basis of these social relationships is the physical environment. The presence of a person in a place and meanings that is a place especially in the mind gives rise to place attachment. The present research seeks to answer the question of how the openness of college community can be and how it will affect the degree of social capital formation among users of these spaces. In this regard, the role of the attachment variable to the place as a side variable (mediator) that affects the relation of social and social capital and is influenced by the amount of sociality of the space has been studied. The method of doing this quantitative research and information-gathering tool is questionnaire. In addition, students at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan were selected as the statistical population. For analyzing the collected data, a Structural Equation Modeling Model (SEM) questionnaire was used. The results of the analyzes indicate a direct and powerful direct effect of the societal variable on social capital that acts as a factor in social sustainability. It has also been proven that socialization has a direct and strong impact on place attachment. Finally, the results of the last survey showed that place attachment directly and strongly affects social capital.

Social capital is one of the issues that creating, maintaining and enriching it is one of the main goals of sustainable urban development. The sense of belonging to the place in the inhabitants of each neighborhood leads to the formation of a place identity, which affects the sense of belonging to popular participation and social capital, the analysis of which is the purpose of this article. In this research, based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 371 inhabitants of the informal settlement of the city of Sari who is involved with social problems is selected as sample and each of the variables of the study, which is the sense of place belonging, popular participation and capital Social, using the correlation method, and then, using structural equation models, two models of how different relationships were made between variables. Their results show that the influence model of the sense of belonging to social capital increases through the mediating variable of popular participation better than the rest of these relationships, in other words, in an indirect causal relationship, the strengthening of the sense of belonging places increases participation And increase social capital.

In developed countries around the world, the sustainability of buildings is measured in order to direct activities toward achievement of sustainable development principles and policies through developing assessment systems. Such assessment has enabled the formation and allocation of weighting coefficients in sustainable building assessment criteria by examining and identifying regional Indicators of hot and dry climates. Therefore, it devises the categories and criteria by comparing and analyzing assessment systems including LEED, BREEA, GRIHA, GREEN STAR, ETIDAMA, and QSAS. Based on the effective relationship between regional categories and Indicators, it explores assessment systems with a similar structure. This study attempted to demonstrate the role and impact of regional Indicators of a hot and dry climate and its influence on the weighting process of assessment criteria of sustainable rating systems in hot and dry climates. The research methodology was based on quantitative hybrid correlation relationships, which extracted the essential statistical data of regional Indicators from globally validated sites and finally analyzed them through linear regression. The results suggested a significant relationship between the allocation coefficients of regional categories and Indicators, and their role in the process of criteria weighing. In the majority of systems, the coefficient assessment of water, energy and other categories have been allocated based on regional Indicators.

Urban spaces as one of the most important urban design products will achieve their goals once they are accepted by their users. This is in the group of citizens' space perception and then the interaction between them and space based on this perception. Hafez historic axis of Shiraz, was an integral part of shiraz spatial and functional structure. It has now undergone significant changes due to new construction and changes in city urban landscape. This has shaken the place of this historical axis, and its especially effect the citizens' visual perception of it, despite the presence of important city landmarks and symbols such as the Jahan-Nama Garden, the Tomb of Ali Ibn Hamzeh (AS), and others like that. The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting citizens' visual perception and propose strategies to enhance their perception of the Hafez axis as a whole. This is an applied research and its method is "correlation". Data collection was done through a questionnaire, documentary and library studies. Based on theoretical foundations and basic analytical model of the research, a questionnaire was developed on the Likert scale. Its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test and then the data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis technic in SPSS 24 software. The results indicate that 12 factors have the most impact on the citizens' perception of urban space. The first three factors are as follows: A) Sidewalk and its components, B) Uses and activities, C) Personal attribute.

In recent decades, the concept of spatial justice has gained special importance in marginal settlements. Injustice in the distribution of urban services has caused irreparable damage to marginal settlements. The absence of radiation in services in such settlements resulted in the formation of spatial imbalance and increased class gap. Considering the concepts of spatial justice to meet social, economic, physical and optimal distribution of services and facilities, attention to basic needs of citizens in marginal settlements is critical. in this regard, the present study aimed to explain the physical and functional components affecting spatial justice in urban poverty cores of Mashhad metropolis. This research is applied in terms of practical method and in terms of descriptive-analytical purpose. data collection method-library and field methods have been used to analyze the data as well as content analysis methods, relative Shannon entropy method and multivariate regression. The results obtained by the relative Shannon entropy show that the distribution of service functions in the two nuclei of Golshahr and the Ghaleh Sakhteman are deprived of spatial equilibrium and is deprived of spatial justice, and the core of the Khaheh Rabi and Alteymour into two enjoy and semi-enjoy categories. On the other hand, the results of multivariate regression show that the physical diversity is the most important factor in realization of spatial justice in the marginal settlements.

Multicultural public spaces can be considered as an ideal space for social interactions, which allows communication, exchange of views and the presence of diverse cultural groups. But political factors in such a context not only prevent the proper interactions of the subcultures with each other, but also it has negative influence on the formation of the richness and cultural diversity of intercultural exchanges, and as the result in this context, the marginalization and exclusion of some of the subcultures will be occurred. The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of creating multicultural spaces and explain the optimal model of intercultural communication. Exploring user experiences as a selective approach is to identify factors that cause communication or non-communication and including or excluding of users. The present paper is an analytical and exploratory one. In the case study (30 Tir Street of Tehran), the experience of the everyday life of different religions representing their own culture has been used in deep interviewing techniques. For this, 43 followers of different religions participated in this interview and the findings have been validated through theoretical saturation. The results of data encoding in different dimensions of lived-space, while recognizing the factors affecting every dimension, showed that Zoroastrians are less integrated in the space and so 30 Tir Street is more unpleasant space than other subcultures in establishing lived relationships. Regarding to the lived-time all religions has low connection with the past of the street.

Neighborhoods are considered as effective elements in urban social life. In the theoretical foundations related to the development of new sites, the importance of the participation of residents of the neighborhood, in the form of processor planning and interacting patterns are emphasized. Local community planning emphasizes on empowerment, increasing social capital and community participation in local communities, emphasizing the bottom-up view. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of local community participation in sustainable social development in Tehran's Sanglaj neighborhood. The research method is descriptive-analytic and its type is applicable. The method of collecting information was done through questionnaires and surveys. Sampling was purposeful and from 7075 households in the neighborhood, 400 households were selected by questionnaire using Cochran formula. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the sense of belonging and the duration of stay in the neighborhood, and the extent of participation in the social sustainability of the neighborhood. Also, indicators of "belonging to the neighborhood, trust among neighborhood residents, renovation and renovation of neighborhood wear and tear and neighborhood satisfaction" were numerically equal to 212/0, 771/0, 338/0 and 143/0, respectively; As well as indicators of "participation in collective activity, attention to the interests of residents of the neighborhood, social convergence of residents, and residents' participation", with a numerical value of 171/0, 234/0, 185/0, and 027/0, have indirect relationship with social sustainability Are the neighborhood.

Urban frontages, are considered among the most significant elements affecting the quality of public spaces, to which attention and quality improvement, can lead to a better quality of urban form and identity. Therefore, in order to restore the key principles influencing street frontage designs, these urban frontages need to be reconsidered. Aiming to evaluate the criteria and indicators affecting the physical identity of urban frontages, this research initiated with investigating the physical identity of urban facades. It was followed by developing a conceptual framework for presenting the aforementioned indicators. By sampling one street of Shiraz city (Hafez Street), it was tried to examine the elements affecting the physical identity in that case. The research method is analytic-inferential, and the researcher used a questionnaire to collect the data from two groups of visitors and experts. Structural Equation Modeling with partial least squares approach-using SmartPLS software, was used to analyze the data. Findings indicate different prioritization of factors affecting physical identity from the viewpoint of both groups of respondents. It was found that “ order and harmony” is the most significant indicator of physical identity of street frontage from visitors’ viewpoint, while it is “ structural variety” from experts’ perspective.

The subject of this paper is a comparative analysis of the role of religious values and attitudes on patterns of spatial relationships in Muslim and Zoroastrian homes in Kerman. According to thinkers, the culture has a profound effect on the formation of the house and the spatial relationships that govern it. One of the aspects of culture, values and religious attitudes is that, with their knowledge, one can create a culture-based architecture. This article has been used in the content section of the theory of reflection in art, and in the methodological part, it has used the space syntax theory. The method of this research is a combination of interpretive historical method with content analysis and logical reasoning techniques. Research steeps are using library studies, historical studies and simulation by using Grasshopper software with Space syntax plug-in, Depth map software and analysis the G-graph of 16 samples. This research was based on the differences between the percentages of the yard and the building, the difference in the percentage of mass and space, the level of transparency of the south facades of the houses and the components of the syntax space. The results of the study indicate that spatial patterns in the houses of Zoroastrian and Muslims do not have a significant and fundamental impact on their religious culture. The sociological aspects of the context have dominated the religious foundations in the formation of spatial relationships in Kerman.

The study of the manifestation of physical forms leads to the support of urban livability and the quality of life that ultimately leads to a more sustainable city, are the requirements of the livable city theories. But since previous researches on the factors of urban livability supports the city form, includes the environmental, social, and economic layers, This research seeks to analyze the effects of the city's form on the environmental components of the habitat with a comparative analysis on three different regions of Tehran. The method of research in two sections of survey-exploration and analysis of spatial information layers and data analysis are two quantitative descriptive and qualitative statistics of comparative analysis using the checklist. The results of the research show that, contrary to what is presented in the common idea of sustainable city form, compression has a reverse relationship with livability in the Iranian city. In other words, density has a saturated threshold, and if this threshold is passed, the quality of life in the city begins to decline and the rate of the livability decreases.

The sense of place crystallization also influences values, attitudes, and in particular the individual and social behavior of individuals in each location. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective components in creating a sense of opportunity to promote and enhance the quality of the living environment. Research method this research is a content analysis and data gathering in a citation-library method with field survey. The scope of this research is a set of theories about sense of place from 1997 to 2016. The research methodology was a qualitative-quantitative analysis of the findings. Research findings show that sense of place is effective in improving the quality of residential environment in satisfying residents of residential complexes. . According to past experts, sense of place is achieved through factors such as the body, the behavior and meaning of each place. Based on the opinions of the earlier experts, to reach the sense of place, mental factors 37. 5%, and behavioral factors 32. 5% and physical factors 30. 0% are effective in quality of life. According to the results of the experts, the importance of the physical factors is 38. 8% and the mental factors 34. 6% and the behavioral factors are 26. 6%. According to the findings of previous researchers and current researchers, it was found that all three objective, subjective and behavioral factors are equal and about one-third of the effective categories that constitute sense factors and promote quality of life environment and realization of residential satisfaction.

Nowadays in Iran, the construction of beautiful courtyards has been overlooked by designers and architects for various reasons. Due to the residents' need for green space and the courtyard, green roofs are used to access the space like the courtyard, and the green roof is far from its main concept in Tehran. Therefore, this space should be considered as one of the main pillars of sustainable development in the city, so that the main goals of building such roofs could be approached. In this research, which is applied in terms of the nature of the practical and methodologically descriptive-analytic, the "documentary method" was first used to study the theoretical foundations, and then a questionnaire was given to architects and planners about executive constraints And the efficiency of the green roofs is now in Tehran which The SMARTPLS2 was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and Friedman test was used to prioritize the data in SPSS software. The result of the research shows that the most important factor influencing the implementation of green roof which is adapted with environmental principles is architectural attitude and urban planners on the green roof. This implies that the attitude of architects and urban planners in Tehran to the implementation of green roofs has the least adaptation with environmental approaches in Tehran, because of various reasons, and finally solutions has been devoted to minimize constraints.