JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:12

Nowadays we should seek ways to improve the elderly housing quality in order to improve their life expectancy and health in Iran. Housing as one of the most basic human needs is not just a shelter. The concept of residence goes beyond the deployment of a closed space. This study examines the factors associated with increasing the life expectancy of the elderly in the physical design and compares the factors which suit the housing for the elderly. The research method is descriptive-survey and field information gathering method. After distributing questionnaires among elderly people, life expectancy indicators in relation to physical spaces and the importance of each indicator in relation to options is assessed by using hierarchical process technique. This technique allows for the formulation of issues in a hierarchical manner as well as the possibility of considering different quantitative and qualitative criteria of the problem. The results of ranking the options list the nursing home as a higher ranking of housing in increasing life expectancy of the elderly.

About 40% of energy is consumed around the world in buildings. Due to population growth, urbanization, most energy-efficient buildings are located in urban centers of developing countries. Hence, the need to increase the energy efficiency of buildings through the coherent use of active and passive design for energy efficiency strategies, increased energy efficiency of equipment and the use of renewable energy, the conversion of renewable energy to thermal energy or electricity, the first The necessary step to combine active and inactive design strategies. Inactive design strategies are one of the most effective and inexpensive ways to reduce energy consumption in buildings. In this study, the energy consumption of buildings has been considered from the point of view of passive design on the urban block scale and on the scale of the building, and the most important indicators of the energy consumption of the building and the form factors affecting energy consumption from the point of view Many scholars have been dealt with. As a result, accurate recognition and evaluation of indicators and parameters affecting energy consumption will enable designers and architects to make the design and construction of buildings inaccessible in the early stages of design with more precision and more effective visibility in building energy consumption.

Security is one of the effective indicators for promoting the sustainability of settlements, especially the infrastructure needed for social, economic and physical prosperity in cities. This study tries to investigate the relationship between physical components affecting security and the sustainability of urban contexts, in the form of 6 components and 24 indicators. This is an applied research using survey method and correlation analyses. In order to analyze the relationship between security and the sustainability of historical contexts of the city of Yazd, the indicators of sustainability measurement were determined in 5 dimensions and then, using a questionnaire and physical data collection, the numerical value of the indicators was measured and then using the AHP technique and GIS software, the final weight of the indicators was determined and the sustainability maps were prepared. Multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation tests were to measure the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Furthermore, the Durbin– Watson test was used to examine the auto-correlation of variables and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was used to determine the normal distribution of research data. Additionally, ANOVA was utilized to determine the significance of the multiple regression models. Research results indicate that, overall, the historic area of Yazd is relatively resilient, and the light indicator with Beta=0. 576 and social supervision with Beta=0. 502 have the highest direct and meaningful relationships with the escalation of sustainability in the historical area of Yazd. Also, the indicator of comprehensibility with Beta=0. 352 has the lowest correlation with sustainability in the area.

Temperature is a very important factor in environmental comfort. Situated east of Iran, Sistan has a hot and dry climate and the need for temperature adjustment is felt strongly in most areas of the region. In the past, “ Kharkhona” was one of the most common elements of the local architecture of Sistan and an effective method for adjusting temperature in the region. A number of studies have been conducted on the qualitative impact of Kharkhona on living spaces; however, the effect of this architectural element on adjusting the inner temperature of rural houses has not been researched quantitatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Kharkhona as a sustainability element of the local architecture of Sistan Region in adjusting the inner temperature of rural houses. To this end, three types of space were selected for measurement of temperature: outside space, a room equipped with Kharkhona and a room without Kharkhona. Then, air temperature was measured at different hours during the hot days of the year. The results indicated that the inner temperature of the room without Kharkhona was cooler than that of the outside space only by 0. 58 ° C while the inner temperature of the room equipped with Kharkhona was cooler by a noticeable 7. 69 ° C. Considering that 5-10% of electric power is required for adjusting air temperature by one Celsius degree, this amount of temperature decrease can lead to substantial energy saving and it is an important step toward achieving sustainable architecture.

Nowadays there is not enough understanding about the shaping of attachment and loyalty to urban spaces. This lack of attention leads to ignoring the importance of meaning in perceptional contexts and failure in receiving the meaning by the clients, altogether reducing the amount of attachment and loyalty to urban spaces. Therefore, this study is dedicated to exploring the relationship between vitality, security and place attachment, and loyalty in shahrdari square. Correlation test is applied in this research as the main statistic analysis tool and data are gathered by a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire is tested by Cronbach's alpha (0. 870); also the sample size of this study is determined by Cochran formulation. Correlation test, linear regression, data-model fitting factor, and SEM are applied as analysis methods. Findings show that the investigated variables have an important role in predicting the variance of loyalty and other behavioral factors of citizens. adjusted R-squared nearly to 1 is a prerequisite for regression and validity of the ANOVA test. β coefficient also meaningful when p

The rich culture of Islamic Iran and its architectural symbols in this land along with the coherence of that architecture with nature and climatic conditions, clarifies the need for attention to Iranian architecture and the recognition of its traditional values. The present research seeks to explore the principles of designing Kashan sustainable cities with the approach of recognizing the valuable patterns of traditional architecture in the warm and dry climate of Iran and with the aim of determining the principles of designing the physical environment of the buildings in Kashan city. The research method is to prepare a questionnaire and documented field survey measures on analytical-geometric survey of 20 well-known historical houses of Kashan The statistical population consisted of two groups of 30 architecture specialists familiar with the architecture of the historical building, including 125 inhabitants interested in Kashan that the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS22 statistical software. In order to identify the main factors of the design pattern, factor analysis method has been used with the aid of grain size curve of the effective factors. The research findings indicate that eight main factors affecting optimal design are based on 25 micro-factors. The most important design indicators were the three basic criteria required by the audience of the township with the titles: 1. interaction of the audience with nature, 2. responding to the needs of the audience, and 3. adaptation to native culture.

Beside elements like mosque, school, bath, and caravanserai, Iranian traditional Bazzar is one of the main urban elements which cause to form city structure. In this inquiry, the role and function of architecture of Kashan traditional bazaar have been recognized in forming a tourism attraction. The research method was descriptive-analytic and the data gathering tool of the study was a researcher made questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0. 88. The sample size was calculated 216 people by sample power software. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed by SPSS, One-sample T-test, and factor analysis. Modeling of effective factors on improvement of function of the Kashan historical bazaar in attracting tourists was done by AMOS. The results of T-test demonstrate that from 25 analyzed indices, physical solidarity and component connection of the bazaar, several garages, and the bazaar as a special commercial axis and a spine of central texture have been in a semi effective status. The results of modeling structural equation indicate that factor of skeletal characteristics with factorial load of 0. 97 have had the most efficacy in attracting tourists and juicing up the tourism.

The use of atrium in highrise buildings with large dimensions is a common way for illuminating internal central spaces. Failure to pay attention to the effective factors of climatic design in atriums can lead to poor lighting and thermal performance of interior spaces. The research question is what is the most appropriate distance of the interior spaces from the atrium well? The main purpose of this research is to answer this question. The ratio of internal spaces distance from the atrium well (the depth of the balcony) to the height of the floors in 4 different states with 1/2, 1/1, 2/3 and no atrium balcony (immediate space) are considered. Annual Dynamic daylight factors such as (sDA300/50%), (ASE1000/250), (UDI100-2000) through a simulation approach by (Design Builder v6) software were obtained. The interior temperature of the hottest and coldest days of the year is calculated in (fluent). In conclusion. . . on the northern side of the atrium, the most suitable position of interior spaces for first to third floors is the immediate distance from the atrium well. In addition, on the fourth or last floor, the best position is when the distance from the atrium well is equal to the height of the glazed partition. On the southern side of the interior of the atrium, the placement of spaces for the first and second floors is also better in the immediate area, but for the third and fourth floors, the best distance is when the balcony depth is half of the floor height.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effective physical factors in socio-economic labeling of residents from the perspective of two groups of users and designers. In order to achieve these goals, a set of physical factors in the sources was identified using systematic data base method and was developed in the form of housing physical factors questionnaire. Snowballs were placed and polls were conducted. Identification of the effective factors was performed by calculating the mean score obtained for each category (as a cut-off point) and deletion of factors with a score below the designated score and categorized into 4 groups through exploratory factor analysis. Independent t-test was used to investigate the difference between the two groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the location, site and interior dimensions of the eligible housing. Users also found that internal dimension factors were the most important factor in determining socioeconomic status of residents, but designers identified the location factor set as the most effective category. Therefore, designers need to design according to user views and purposeful use of elements and factors at the custom level; this process reduces the induction of negative labeling to low-income housing by transferring socially accepted meanings.

Nowadays urban stimulant projects are known as a new urban redevelopment strategy. These dynamic strategies are affecting their surroundings and they can help the revitalization objectives. They can improve the existing physical conditions of urban areas through redesigning or renovating. The higher education institutions as part of the thriving urban areas are known as one of the most effective stimulant projects for sustainable urban developments because of their cultural potential and providing significant services at the society level. This research seeks to determine whether the University of Art as a stimulant urban development project will affect its surrounding area (after completing development in National Garden). Analytic and descriptive methods have been used in this research and the statistical population includes experts and stakeholders groups. In total, 300 samples are considered for the statistical sample for all groups and the cluster sampling and simple sampling methods are used. Theoretical studies show that criterions and/or indicators such as Promoting social capital, increasing investment and public participation, creating positive norms, changing the environmental behavior of citizens, increasing the visitor's presence, mobility of human capital, branding and symbolism can be the important effects of exercising urban stimulant projects. Results show both groups consider that the university has had a significant effect on the physical factors, infrastructures and attitudes changing to the environment and it has had the least effect on the economic development. And also both groups believe that the role of university for improving engagement between people and urban managers is low.

This research is to study the capabilities of artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting solar radiance in an urban context in order to materialize the concept of high-performance architecture. Literature review of the research implies that artificial intelligence (AI) is going to be a new emerging tool to contribute to high-performance architecture, as well as a way of thinking for a significant paradigm shift in environmental sustainability. In the first step, a rule-based method is applied to generate the dataset. In the next step, three different ANN models with different architectures are defined. These models are trained with the generated dataset and regarding the defined algorithm architecture, different results are predicted. The results indicate the precision of each model in predicting the amount of received solar radiation in a new sample location. Finally, these results are compared and the best ANN architecture is selected. The proposed model in this research could be generalized to other similar simulations and it has two main applications. First, it could predict the target parameter instantly without intensive computation. Secondly, it could fit a function for simulating a sustainable parameter only with the given input and output dataset and without needing to know any specific rules for the simulation. The results conclude that AI might be introduced as a comprehensive methodology for sustainable design in contemporary architecture. However, the research shows capability of ANN for outlining and predicting environmental sustainable parameters particularly.

These days, many of Iranian cities are face by reducing vitality in urban centers. Comprehensive look at Pedestrian walking quality in urban centers based on the interconnectedness of networks that consists of paths, gates and locations. The main question of how the look of users (residents, workers and visitors) to review and repair of spaces available as a network of integrated and efficient aspects of walking in the center of the city of Babol is the study of studies have been done that way semi-structured interviews and systematic observation and data collection is. First, the initial theoretical model to assess the qualities in the form of questions and the interview was conducted with 5 out of experts. The quality of the questionnaire package that includes 13 qualities and 28 questions were at the center of the city of Babol, to 96 the number of groups that use the space were surveyed. The results of this study show that people in network design spaces resolutions to implement the order of priority can be classified into 5 groups. Users resolutions more concrete, such as freshness, green at first and then qualities like image ability that the beauty of space as well as safety and security. Qualities such as dignity and identity, connection with the structure, the ability to walk and walk permeability in the third priority, resolutions readability, the skeleton of space, volume and quality of implementation in the fourth priority diversity and attractiveness of the fifth priority activities’ attractiveness.