JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN
Year:2014 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:6

The role of universities are teaching and learning where creating sociality emotional in parts or whole of them. Faculty and open spaces are small units that have creating social spaces for researchers. This spaces not only scientific discourse between picture and built form in extensive surface, but committed to creating discourse between students in different spaces with each other. In addition to the formal education, one of the capabilities universities social interactions in the open spaces that is today research experts in this field along with. With regard to scientific and professional existing in this direction can be helping profession and knowledge architecture viewpoint in the design spaces a few functional. Concerning the above insufficiencies, in the current study, after studying related articles, different parameters which may effect on the multi- functional role of spaces to make the open spaces of universities acceptable for social interactions, are identified, studied and analyzed. Considering the research method, this is a descriptive-survey study. Results are obtained according to the landscape architecture features and through using a questionnaire which is answered by more than 200 architecture current or graduated students in Iran and these results are afterwards analyzed. After analyzing the obtained data in Statistical Package for Social Science program (SPSS) from several main factors which, according to the literature, make the open spaces of universities acceptable, the effectiveness percentage of the multi-functional spaces and the way they are effective on the acceptability of the open spaces of university campuses from the students’ points of view, as the primary users of these spaces, are determined.

This article investigate and emphasis of objective and subjective aesthetics of urban facade. Hence, the purpose of this article is defining the influential criteria on designing the beautiful urban facade from the view point of users. This research is a practical and analytical one which uses the qualitative and a quantitative approach. Therefore, in this research, after exploring the literature review containing the concepts of facade, street facade, aesthetics, the influential criteria of creating a beautiful facade is defined. In the next stage for examining the criteria, a case study is selected- Bahar Street. This street is located in the region 7 of Tehran municipality, and the facades of the streets are historical and it has historical and cultural identity. Then for quantitative investigation, beside the qualitative one, 180 questionnaire are distributed are completed in the selected street and after that all the data collected are analyzed in SPSS software in order to defining the final model. For analyzing the data collected, using a correlation examination is used. Finally through the final model and the criteria and sub factors which are defined. The result shows that the objective criteria such as the vertical and horizontal lines of facade, the sky lines, form of the building, the length of the building and etc, besides the subjunctive research such as historical meaning, legibility, contextual design, harmony and unity, nobility, influence the aesthetical perceptions of an urban facade.

Monumental architecture is a kind of architecture which concentrated on architectural design process more than other kinds of contemporary architectural trends. Thus monumental architecture may be seen as the most artistic and creative kind of architectural design process in which monumentality enjoys high position in architectural design priorities. In other hand, social sustainability as well as sustainability especially energy efficient architecture stands as one of the most functionalistic architecture. Therefore sustainable architecture may be seen as the most functionalistic architecture in comparison with monumental architecture. Theoretical framework highlights sustainable architecture may be analyzed in three branches such as: 1- economic sustainability: materials and technology; 2- socio- cultural sustainability: identity, concept, and form and shape; and 3- environmental sustainability: context. Fifty outstanding contemporary mosques selected randomly from among contemporary mosques of Iran which were built after Islamic revolution of Iran. The results of the paper show that there is a meaningful correlation between monumentalism and sustainability in contemporary Iranian architecture. Monumentality correlated with environmental sustainability more than other factors which emphasize on the role of architectural context in reification and materializing more sustainable architecture. Surprisingly the level of monumentality correlates with level of sustainability. Qualitative analysis based on quantitative findings emphases on role of contemporary mosque in this kind of result which show interaction of monumentality and sustainability in contemporary Iranian architecture.

With respect to expansion and development of high rise buildings in Iran and their high energy consumption, it is vital to apply certain solutions in order to reduce the energy consumption. Shells and its components are the most essentials factors which impact in energy consumption. Regarding the importance of present research, the relation of openings and energy consumption in high rise building and Tehran’s climatic conditions is discussed. In this research, the basic model of research in regard to annual energy consumption has been stimulated by eQuest. In this process, the opening ratio in basic model is considered 10% and then other tests with 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% as a whole and direction to direction have been carried out. The result displays that the opening ratio and annual energy consumption of research model have a direct relationship in such a way that the reduction of opening ration up to 20% can almost reduce the annual energy consumption to 17%. Also, the effectiveness of opening ration differs in different buildings directions. The priority is given to south, east, west and north.