IRANIAN JOURNAL OF COTTON RESEARCHES
Year:2017 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:7

In arid and semi-arid regions, such as Iran, it is inevitable to use wastewater for irrigation. In addition, it is important to apply minerals like zeolite in order to reduce adverse effects of wastewater usage and improve plant growth. Regarding to this purpose, this research was conducted to evaluate the effect of wastewater and zeolite on cotton yield and yield components. Therefore, a randomized complete block design based on split plot was considered during 2016 in Torbate-Heidarieh, Iran. The treatments were consisted of two irrigation types (I1: well water and I2: wastewater) and two zeolite rates (Z0: no application and Z1: 4% w/w) in three replications. Results revealed that irrigation type had significant effect on stem diameter, plant height, number of leaf, first cotton yield (P<0.01), boll weight and total cotton yield (P<0.05). Zeolite application had significant effect on cotton height, first cotton yield, boll weight and total cotton yield (P<0.01). Interaction effect between zeolite application and water type had significant effect on cotton height, boll weight, total cotton yield (P<0.01), stem diameter and number of leaf (P<0.05). Maximum of stem diameter index, plant height and number of leaf were belonged to I2Z0 and I2Z1treatments, respectively. In addition, maximum of boll weight and first cotton yield were related to I1Z1 and I2Z1 treatments, respectively. Also, I2Z1 and I1Z treatments had maximum total cotton yield. So, these results showed that application of wastewater and zeolite can be effective on yield and yield components of cotton.

In this study, due to comparison of water permits trading and non-trading policies, two water allocation programs among cotton cultivators based on Interval-Parameter Two-Stage Stochastic Program model was designed. Then the results of two policies were compared together based on surplus water volume index, reduction in water deficiency and the area of irrigated land. For this study, 20 farm lands of cotton in Ghasemabad-village were selected which irrigated by released water from Voshmgir dam located in Aq-Qala city. The comparing of the results showed that water allocation under permit trading of cotton farmers led to water saving with low and high bounds of [47.36 , 52.89] ×103 m3 and decreasing in water deficiency equals to the interval of [35.54 , 42.66]×103m3 and with decreasing in land use equals to bounds of [6.4 , 7]ha than non-trading policy ,so that the value of the total profit of the cotton cultivation system is maintained under trading policy equals to the interval of [56.82 , 94.29] million toman. Generally, trading policy than non-trading can lead to more effective allocation in view of water saving and reduction in water deficiency, but this policy can also reduce cotton irrigated area and in long term is resulted to remove of some farmers from agricultural activities.

In order to study the effect of Zn EDTA and NAA application on quantitative and fiber quality traits, and physiological indices of three cotton cultivar, an experiment based on split-split plat arrangement in form of RCB design with three replications performed in Varamin region during 2003-2004 years. In this research, the main plot included three cotton cultivars (Varamin, Khorda and Pak), the subplots were sprayed by spraying with pure water (control), Zn EDTA with 1g/L and 2 g/L concentration and NAA with concentration of 30 mg/L as sub-sub plots that sprayed at 4 levels of (control, one time of spraying, two times spraying and three times spraying). The results showed that Zn EDTA spraying with 1g/L concentration along with using NAA, resulted in increasing the number of total bolls per plant, weight of single bolls, total seed cotton yield and fibers length as compared to the control group. The highest seed cotton yield was obtained in Khordad cultivar with Zn EDTA spraying at 1g/L concentration and on time spraying NAA application. The earliness decreased by using of NAA. There were significant differences among cultivars in term of fiber length and micronairy. In total, reaction of different cultivars to different Zn EDTA concentrations and number of NAA spraying were different in most surveyed characteristics.

In order to evaluate the effects of different tillage methods and Treflan application manner on cotton yield and weeds control, this study was conducted in a research farm in south east of Ali Abad Katool district in 2014. This study arranged in split block design under RCBD with 4 replications. Main factors were tillage (Moldboard plow (T1), disk plow (T2) and chisel plow (T3)), and Treflan application manner as sub factor (hand hoeing (H1), Treflan application by PPI methods with 1.5 lit/ha plus using of Treflan at the sixth weeks after planting with application rate of 1.5 lit/ha with irrigation (herbigation) (H2), Treflan application by PPI methods with 1.5 lit/ha plus using of Treflan at the sixth weeks after planting with application rate of 1.5 lit/ha with soil incorporated by cultivator (H3), 3 lit/ha Treflan application after sowing by PPI before irrigating (H4) and 3 Lit/ha Treflan application before sowing by PPI before irrigating (H5) and no weed control (H6)). In current study, the most relative abundance percent was belonged to redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and board leaf weeds. Results revealed that tillage factor had no significant effect on total lint yield and total weed dry weight except of boll number per plant. The highest total lint yield was produced by hand hoeing among different herbicide levels., Total dry weight of weed in forth week after cotton sowing had main role for the maximum total lint yield production, meanwhile the most significant and positive correlation among yield with yield components was seen with boll number per plant. Investigation of traits interaction effects showed that in case of no application of hand hoeing in cotton cultivation, it could be recommended to apply 3 Lit/ha Treflan before sowing.

In order to investigate the effect of magnetic field and irrigation with different salinity levels on cotton seedling emergence, a study was conducted as factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Kashmar Higher Education Institute during 2016. In this experiment, different levels of irrigation water salinity were considered i.e.0.5: (S1), 3: (S2), 7: (S3), 10: (S4), and 13: (S5) ds/m as a main plots and magnetic field (M1) and non-magnetic (M2) as sub-plots. Six Neodymium-iron-boron magnets with the power of 1500 mT and dimensions of 4×2×1 cm were used to produce magnetized water. were included Determination of percentage and duration of seedling emergence under irrigation by magnetic and no magnetic were evaluated parameters The results showed that by increasing of salinity, germination of cotton reduced so that the ratio of reduction were as 46, 60, 83 and 100 % for salinities treatments i.e. 3, 7, 10 and 13 ds/m, respectively, under non-magnetic condition and also under magnetic condition were at the rates of 21, 46, 36 and 50 %, respectively. According to the results, it was evident that more than 67 % of the buds were appeared in all salinity levels under magnetic conditions before the fourth day after the appearance of the first seedling, while for non-magnetic conditions were obtained sixth day for low salinity and for high salinity 15day after the appearance of the first seedling. The results showed that magnetic water effect was significant at 1 and 5% on number of seedling and accelerate germination time, respectively. Therefore, it can be conclude that magnetic effect was positive on the number of buds and accelerate germination time under various irrigation water salinities.

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This study was conducted in order to determine the energy productivity and efficiency in different methods of conservation tillage for production of cotton fiber in Varamin during two years. Tillage treatments in this study were included, moldboard plow + two passes of disk harrow as conventional tillage (CT), two passes of disk harrow as reduced tillage (RT), one pass of chisel plows pickups as minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) as direct drilling method in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that tillage method significantly (P≤0.05) affected crop yield. The conventional tillage was endowed with maximum cotton yield at the rate of 3636/4 kg/ha while no tillage with minimum rate of 1753.3 kg /ha. In terms of energy consumption, conventional tillage were endowed with the highest value (30473.16 MJ.ha-1) and no tillage treatments with the least amount of 25903.1 MJ.ha-1. The maximum direct consumption of energy was related to irrigation equipment (5850.054 MJ.ha-1). Maximum indirect energy in conventional tillage was related to Nitrogen fertilizers, irrigation and fuel by 11620, 5850 and 4704 MJ.ha-1, respectively. The highest Energy Ratio (ER) was in conventional tillage method (2.36) and the lowest energy efficiency was in no tillage (1.33). Eventually In terms of energy productivity (EP), conventional tillage method were endowed with the highest amount (0.04 kg.MJ-1) and no tillage with the least amount (0.023 kg.MJ-1). Ultimately, on basese of energy productivity and efficiency, conventional tillage is recommended as optimum conservation tillage system in Varamin.