JOURNAL OF ENERGY PLANNING AND POLICY RESEARCH
Year:2017 | Volume:2 | Issue:5 |Papers Count:7

This paper tries to analyze changes in Iranian energy intensity in the manufacturing sector during 2003-2013, using the divisia index in multiplicative form. Results show that energy intensity in the manufacturing sector has not improved over this period. Energy intensity in the manufacturing sector has increased slightly accounting for structural effect and pure intensity effect as well. Energy-intensive industries have been developed because of lower energy prices. Energy saving policies of the government had less impact on energy efficiency and technology improvement. So, energy saving policies should be enforced in the manufacturing sector and an autonomous entity for implementing and supervising these policies must be established to reduce energy intensity leading to sustainable economic development and improvements in energy efficiency.

This paper tries to introduce the concept of resiliency and economic vulnerability and introduce the indexes to measure it. Vulnerability is a structural characteristics of an economy that increases the weaknesses of a system during adverse exogenous shocks. Economic resilience is defined as the ability of the economy to resist in the face of shocks and to recover from them. In this paper, economic resilience and vulnerability index has estimated for OPEC countries over the period 2000-2013. The Index is based on the variables suggested by, Brigugilo et al (2008), Boorman et al (2013) and Angeon and Bates (2015). According to these results, Qatar, the UAE, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia have the highest level of the net resilience index. Angola, Libya, Algeria, Venezuela and Iraq have the least amount of the net resilience index. Other countries including Iran, Nigeria and Ecuador, the index is between the extreme ends. per capita GDP of the OPEC countries is directly related to economic resilience index, but has a reverse relationship with the vulnerability.

Residential electricity demand in Iran has been increased rapidly in recent years and it has an important role in household’s welfare. As electricity is not storable, optimal electricity generation in peak and off-peak period is so important. In this paper, we use panel and GMM method to estimate price and income elasticities of residential electricity demand in short run and long run by peak and off-peak periods for Tehran, Shahriar and Varamin for 2009-2013. Price and income elasticities of residential electricity demand in short run is lower than long run in both peak and off-peak periods. Cross-price elasticity of electricity demand in peak and off-peak is positive indicating electricity demand in peak and off-peak are substitutes. So price polices has an important role to shift electricity demand from peak to off-peak period.

Bullwhip effect is one of the key managerial issues in supply chain management and indicates the increase in demand of the last customer in the supply chain by moving throughout the chain. Qazvin National Oil Products Distribution Company faces many problems, such as the lack of visibility of final demand, lack of effective support, delays in product delivery, high cost of ordering, random ordering, inappropriate pricing, and etc. The main purpose of this paper is to identify determinants of bullwhip effect in the supply chain of this company using Fuzzy Delphi group decision making techniques. According to the results, there are 9 effective factors classified into 4 groups: demand factors, orders, price fluctuations and informational factors. Finally, solutions corresponding to each factor are presented.

Iran is the second Middle Eastern country endowed with fossil energy resources. Beside abundant conventional sources of energy, like oil and natural gas, the country is blessed with large renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, etc. However, Iran’s trend of the development of renewable energy technologies, particularly solar energy has not aligned with global trends.This paper analyze the factors affecting the development of solar energy technologies in Iran with SWOT and DEMATEL methods. Accordingly, at First, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of solar energy technologies in Iran were identified and then using DEMATEL, influence and impact indicators in the SWOT matrix have been evaluated. Based on the findings, the most important factors affecting the underdevelopment for these technologies are: subsidized prices of fossil fuels, lack of understanding of the necessity of renewable energy development by politicians, lack of motives for entering the private sector, lack of effective policies and provision of adequate incentives by government.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth play an important role for energy policies. This relationship depends on the presence or absence ofcross-sectional dependence. therefore, cross-sectional dependence should be taken into consideration in empirical studies. This paper investigates the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in OPEC member countries (including Iran) during the period 1980-2011 taking into consideration the Cross-Sectional Dependence. In this regard, we used the Pesaran’s cross-sectional Test (2004), cross-sectional augmented IPS (CIPS) unit root test and Westerlund’s co-integration test (2007). To estimate long-run coefficients we used the continuously-updated and fully-modified (Cup-FM) method sproposed by Bai et al (2009). The short-run coefficients have been estimated using pooled mean group approach sproposed by Pesaran et al (1999). The results indicate a positive impact of energy consumption on economic growth in OPEC countries in long-run and short-run. Also, in the short-term and long-term, there is atwo-way causality between economic growth and energy consumption which support the feedback hypothesis.

Energy is one of the factors of production and on the other side energy consumption directly affects GDP. This paper reviews the interaction between industrial energy consumption and the cyclical industrial value added over the period 1973-2015. Causality tests indicate the presence of one-sided causality from the industrial value added to the industrial energy consumption. Then, trend and cyclical components of energy consumption and industrial value added were decomposed. By using new data, unilateral causality among trend and cyclical components of energy consumption and industrial value added was confirmed. This refers to the fact that industrial production fluctuations can cause fluctuations in energy consumption.