JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC DENOMINATIONS
Year:2015 | Volume:2 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:6

The rule of "permission of committing a corrupt action in avoidance of a corrupter one" is among the mostly utilized ones in all fields of Islamic jurisprudence. Although the rule is considered legal by the "Quadruple Reasons" but there has not yet been enough study on it except some sporadic and scant hints throughout Islamic Jurisprudential literature. The rule considers it legal to commit a corrupt action in order to avoid a corrupter one, as an instance of the rule of "Important and the More Important". In this paper, the content, supporting reasons, exceptions and adaptations of the rule are discussed according to the Sunni and Shia valid sources.

Sa, id Hawwa, was a Syrian Salafi with Sufistic trends, a leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood and a prominent ideologue in his country and the world as well who was trained in a Salafi School but by a Sufi Murshid. The turmoiled conditions of the Middle East, especially Syria, Palestine and Egypt affected him profoundly making him set up Salafi Sufism as an ideological project to get out of the miserable conditions he was surrounded with. His purpose was to combine Sufism and Salafism, two inconsistent approaches in a way that the capacities of the former could be in the service of the latter. He encountered numerous challenges while implementing his project that made him defend some of the Sufis miracles and rituals such as the birthday memorial of the Prophet, witnessing them being criticized by Salafis. However, Hawwa could not managed to accomplish his project and some new developments then in the region such as the Islamic revolution of Iran resulted in his holding some paradoxical positions during the last years of his life such as Shiafobia on which he wrote a book too.

When a husband is missing and there is no information concerning his place, his wife is subject to some decrees, according to all of five Islamic jurisprudential denominations. One of these decrees is to grant the wife with the right for divorce petition over which there are some disagreements amongst the five Islamic jurisprudential denominations. One of these decrees agreed by most of the Imami, Maleki and Hanbali scholars and the writer of the article as well is to grant the wife with the right for divorce petition after waiting for four years and staying unmarried for four months and then days. In contrast to this, there is another decree agreed by Hanafi, Shāfeie and some Imami scholars which claims the necessity of waiting, considering it forbidden to permit the wife to divorce, justifying that such a wife is required to be waiting until her husband, s death is confirmed for certain or for a lapse of time which denies the possibility of his being alive.

The notion of reason, its functions and boundaries is one of the significant and influential subjects forming the theories of scholars of religion that is sometimes either exaggerated or undermined. This article surveys different meanings of reason as well as the viewpoints of Ibn Taymyyah, the founder of Salafism, and Sheikh Yusuf Bahrani, a prominent Shiite scholar, on it, shedding light on their commonalities and differences, despite the fact that both of them belong to Zahiri School of interpretation. In practice, they both lay little store on reason while admitting its practicability to some extent. Similarly, they both reject the correlation of reason and law, in spite of accepting the theory of rational goodness and badness, and prioritize narration to reason in time of their discord.

Takfeer (Excommunication) is a phenomenon with which the Muslim world has been preoccupied since the era of Imam Ali and the event of Hakamiyyat. It is also utilized today as an instrument by some Salafis, called Takfeeris, who take a pride in slaughtering the Muslim, documenting it as legal through the theories of their early scholars. Rashid Rida, one of the contemporary Salafi theorists, has well surveyed various aspects of Takfeer, being deeply influenced by the positions of Ibn Taymyyah. This article seeks to explore the conditions of Takfeer from the viewpoint of Rashid Rida, who believes there must be distinguition amongst general conditions of Takfeer, excommunication of a definite person and the implementation of Takfeer laws. He defines the general condition of Takfeer as denial of one of the principles of religion but maintains Jahl (Ignorance) and Ta, weel (Interpretation) as two of the barriers on the way of excommunicating a definite person.

Nowadays, a number of inappropriate beliefs and rituals, mostly being practiced by some ignorant sects affiliated to Islam, are exaggeratedly supported by the opponents of the Muslim. One of these is the sporadic celebrations hold on the ninth of Rabi-ul-Avval, in memory of the second Caliph’s murder, in which some historically prominent figures of the Sunnis are insulted, cursed and disrespected, an improper practice that instigates their religious emotions. The celebration is weakly documented through the Hadith-e Raf-ul-Ghalam, a Hadith that could never be defended due to several content and documentation shortcomings. Moreover, while the Prophet and his disciples are strongly warned in Quran not to insult the idolaters and even their idols to avoid their counterblast, it is understood that an ethically forbidden action could not be practiced in order to reverence religious values. Also, historically, the death of the second Caliph did not occurred on the ninth of Rabi-ul-Avval. After all above, considering the Leader’s interpretation of the subject, the Fatwas of top Shiite scholars on it and current situation of the Muslim world, holding such celebrations could result in the disgrace of the Shiite, being a barrier on the way of Muslims, unity. Finally it is suggested that the celebration could be replaced by one of the most important Islamic festivals for the anniversary of the beginning of the Imamate of the twelfth Shiite Imam, Mahdi (P.B.U.H), having occurred on the same day.