JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC DENOMINATIONS
Year:2016 | Volume:3 | Issue:5 |Papers Count:8

Pervasive clashes of Seljuk dynasty against Isma’ili militants in famous castles were one of the historical appealing topics that had been discussed in the Seljuk period. Despite predominance of different Sunni schools of thought in the Seljuk era, according to historical evidences, some Shiite sects such as the Isma’ilism, in some parts of the Seljuk’s realm had a significant influence. Therefore in order to clarify accurate and definitive dimensions of the eventful history of al-Isma’iliyya especially in Iran, it needs to study its followers’ influence in areas been less paid attention.Kerman is one of these areas that during the reign of some of the Seljuk rulers encountered the influence of the Isma’ili and expanding the scope of missionary activities of their da' is. A number of da' is were involved in some political and military activities in the court. Iranshah’s conversion to Ismaili faith was a milestone in that period. This paper is to identify the signs of the influence of this current in Kerman’s political and cultural scope in the Seljuk period and study some of their major causes.

Al-Hurr al-Amili as one of the well-known narrators of the second half of the eleventh century, beyond his narrative figure is a theologian who has reasoned and defended Islam beliefs as a prominent Twelver Shi’a scholar in different ways. The purpose of the "Methodology of Theology" is exploring ways that in science of theology brings us to the purpose and goal i.e. deduction of ideas and their defending. In deduction, the narrator achieves a correct knowledge of the teachings of religion, and in defending, explains and adjusts and proves that knowledge and rejects the ambiguities and opposing beliefs.Al-Hurr al-Amili has used traditional and rational methods in deducing beliefs. In the traditional method, he only considers evidence-based as well as frequently reported traditions as a proof and does not consider the appearance of Quran and even the appearance of statements of the Prophet (PBUH) unless the interpretation of which is expressed by Imams (AS). In the rational method, he considers the authority of intellect in proving the narrative reason, and has utilized the theoretical, practical and instrumental functions in the service of intellect. Therefore, intellect and tradition are not relevant. He has benefited from theoretical intellect in employing implications and practical intellect in understanding the inherent good and evil of deeds and their derivations and instrumental intellect in adherence to the emergence, spiritual frequency and interpretation.

Unity of existence theory is one of the fundamental ideas of Muslim mystics who are referred to the first centuries of the formation of Islamic mysticism in their speeches and writings. With the advent of Ibn Arabi in the seventh century, this theory received more accurate and consistent analysis and explanations and formed the main themes of Sufism. After Ibn Arabi, Qunawi and other commentators of his ideas, addressed establish and rational analysis of the theory of unity of existence. Therefore mystics accepted Ibn Arabi’s ideas pervasively. Meantime, Sayyid Mohammad Gisouderaz, one of the significant mystics of Indian subcontinent in the ninth century, seriously opposed Ibn Arabi’s the unity of existence.After narrating a brief biography of him in this paper, it is attempted to study his critics toward Ibn Arabi’s unity of existence. Gisouderaz criticized Ibn Arabi’s unity of existence through these issues: 1. Dominant purifying atmosphere on his ideas, 2.his view toward separation of beliefs of Islam from Hinduism, 3. Fail to reach Ibn Arabi’s viewpoint about the absolute existence of Allah, and 4. Confusion of credits of existence.

Through denying and undermining validity of hadithes or distracting the address of Imam Ali’s hadithes and ascribing them to someone else, Ibn Taymiyyah attempts to disparage the opinions of the Shiites about the authority of Imam Ali (AS) in Minhaj as-Sunnah so that he attempts to find Sahabah’s scientific status preferable to Imam Ali, relying on fake and unreal traditions. Therefore, in this paper, it is attempted to reject Ibn Taymiyyah’s claims and statements, given abundant resources and recording historical events in literature among Sunnis. And prove that he is to what extent malice to Imam Ali (AS), and does his best in order to misrepresent the facts that historians and traditionists have made every endeavour to capture and record them.

Abulfazl Burqae Qomi is a contemporary Shiite scholar having especial views and some of his late works get close to Sunni and Wahhabism’s views. This similarity of their ideas with Burqae is to the extent that Saudi Arabia has published some of his books.Believing in authority of just Qur'an is one of these ideas. It means that the Holy Quran is enough for the guidance of humanity and we can be reached to the right path without hadith and Imams’ traditions. This paper tries to analyze and criticize his reason about this subject. He resorts to the Quran, the prophet Mohamamd and Imams’ traditions and some sociological reasons for proving his claim. Also he doesn’t offer any rational reason for that. “Existence of all laws, teachings and human needs in the Qur'an”, “Exclusivity of Guidance of humanity in the Qur'an” and “the authority of Quran in settling the disputes” are some of his most important reasons for the adequacy of the Quran. His claim about authority of just Qur’an is rejected in the paper.

Sa'adi and his thoughts have been in dispute from a long time ago. Whether he is a mystic or not? And when he speaks of Love, does he speak of earthly love or heavenly one? This article consists of two main sections. In the first section, views of critics and advocates of Sa'adi are studied briefly in order that the venerable reader's mind reminds anti-Sa'adi’s atmosphere again. The article writers in the second section which is consists of two subsections, to the extent of their own little scientific ability, review and represent Sa'adi’s mystical position and type of his special school. The first subsection is focused on the study of historical documents in which Sa'adi’s mystical place has been uncovered. The other subsection explores some mystical elements such as the image of love, freedom, Sufi whirling (Sama), amorous worship, Monism of Sa'adi's works and try to clarify his mystical space.

One of the rules that usually be argued in the Islamic theology is the rule of lotf (favor). This rule is a kind of behavior and action that gets the obedient close to obedience and simultaneously takes him far from the disobedience despite of emergency and obligation. The rule of lotf is defined as the eligibility and its necessity and importance for Allah. The importance of this rule is so valuable that after the rule of rational goodness and enormity it is known as the most important kalami rule of Adliyyah.One of the complicated problems in this subject is the criterion of distinguishing confirmation and its conformity with the rule of Lotf. This subject caused disagreements among scholars. Molla Ahmad Naraghi is one of the most almighty scholars and theologians in Shi’a. He claimed it is impossible that we can distinguish certainly of this rule because of the loss of humane power. Whereas Jafar Sobhani the contemporary scholar and contemporary theologians declares that it is feasible to distinguish because of authority of humane certainty. In this paper, after an exact studying on the rule of Lotf, we study the introductions of argument and conclusions of these two theologians’viewpoints.

Basically, Gnosticism is a mystical religion with a fusion of ideas; furthermore, it enjoys from various sects such as Manichaeism, Mandaeism, Sabeans, Simonians and Marcionism. Chronologically, it is believed that manifestation of this religion dating back to the second century BC until the third century AD. The focal point in Gnosticism is that this worldliness traps human soul. Its path of salvation is merely obtained through achievement of Gnosis or saving knowledge. Both divine messengers and holy saviors are considered the source of this saving knowledge. Metaphorically, heart, in its spiritual function, plays an important role in receiving such knowledge. Some scholars believe that Gnosticism has put Islamic mystic culture and thoughts under its influence. This paper attempts to overview not only its history but its fundamental principles in order to study the impact of Gnosticism over culture along with the credo of Muslim mysticism.